splendeō

* * *

splendĕo, ēre ( perf. splendui, Aug. Conf. 10, 27), v. n., to shine, be bright; to gleam, glitter, glisten (mostly poet.; in Cic. only once in the trop. sense; syn.: luceo, fulgeo, niteo).

Lit.: sparsis hastis longis campus splendet et horret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Sat. v. 15 Vahl.):

oculi splendent,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 101:

splendens stella candida,

id. Rud. prol. 3:

scenaï simul varios splendere decores,

Lucr. 4, 984:

claro splendere colore,

id. 5, 1258:

splendet tremulo sub lumine pontus,

Verg. A. 7, 9:

labra splendentia,

id. ib. 12, 417:

sedes fulgenti splendent auro,

Cat. 64, 44:

splendet focus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 7; cf.:

paternum Splendet salinum,

id. C. 2, 16, 14:

(cubiculum) marmore splendet,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 38:

Glycera splendens,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 6:

jam nec Lacaenae splendet adulterae Famosus hospes,

id. ib. 3, 3, 25:

quid fuco splendente genas ornare,

Tib. 1, 8, 11; Mart. 4, 79, 2:

splendebat hilare poculis convivium,

Phaedr. 2, 24, 20.—

Trop., to shine, to be bright or illustrious: virtus lucet in tenebris splendetque per sese semper, * Cic. Sest. 28, 60:

splendere alienā invidiā,

Liv. 38, 53; cf. id. 22, 34; 10, 24, 11:

auctores in equestri ordine splendentes,

Plin. 8, 5, 4, § 10.—Hence, P. a.: splendens, entis, brilliant:

splendentior igne clipeus,

Claud. Gigantom. 77.

splendĕo, ēre ( perf. splendui, Aug. Conf. 10, 27), v. n., to shine, be bright; to gleam, glitter, glisten (mostly poet.; in Cic. only once in the trop. sense; syn.: luceo, fulgeo, niteo).

Lit.: sparsis hastis longis campus splendet et horret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Sat. v. 15 Vahl.):

oculi splendent,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 101:

splendens stella candida,

id. Rud. prol. 3:

scenaï simul varios splendere decores,

Lucr. 4, 984:

claro splendere colore,

id. 5, 1258:

splendet tremulo sub lumine pontus,

Verg. A. 7, 9:

labra splendentia,

id. ib. 12, 417:

sedes fulgenti splendent auro,

Cat. 64, 44:

splendet focus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 7; cf.:

paternum Splendet salinum,

id. C. 2, 16, 14:

(cubiculum) marmore splendet,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 38:

Glycera splendens,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 6:

jam nec Lacaenae splendet adulterae Famosus hospes,

id. ib. 3, 3, 25:

quid fuco splendente genas ornare,

Tib. 1, 8, 11; Mart. 4, 79, 2:

splendebat hilare poculis convivium,

Phaedr. 2, 24, 20.—

Trop., to shine, to be bright or illustrious: virtus lucet in tenebris splendetque per sese semper, * Cic. Sest. 28, 60:

splendere alienā invidiā,

Liv. 38, 53; cf. id. 22, 34; 10, 24, 11:

auctores in equestri ordine splendentes,

Plin. 8, 5, 4, § 10.—Hence, P. a.: splendens, entis, brilliant:

splendentior igne clipeus,

Claud. Gigantom. 77.

fulgeo, fulsi, 2 (ante-class. and poet. form acc. to the third conj.: fulgit, Lucil. and Pompon. ap. Non. 506, 8 and 9; Lucr. 5, 768 Lachm. N. cr.; 6, 160; 174; 214; fulgĕre, Pac., Att., Lucil. ap. Non. 506, 17 sq.; Lucr. 5, 1095; 6, 165; Verg. A. 6, 826; Val. Fl. 8, 284 al.; cf. Sen. Q. N. 2, 56), v. n. [Sanscr, bhrāg', to glow, gleam; Gr. phlegô, phlegethô, to burn, phlox, flame;

Lat. fulgur, fulmen, fulvus, flagrare, flamma, flāmen,

Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 187 ], to flash, to lighten (syn.: fulguro, splendeo, luceo).

Lit.:

si fulserit, si tonuerit, si tactum aliquid erit de caelo,

Cic. Div. 2, 72, 149:

cum aestate vehementius tonuit quam fulsit,

Plin. 18. 35, 81, § 354; Mel. 1, 19, 1; Lucr. 6, 160; 165:

Jove fulgente cum populo agi nefas esse,

Cic. Vatin. 8, 20; cf.:

Jove fulgente, tonante... caelo fulgente, tonante,

id. N. D. 2, 25, 65;

v. fulguro: tremulo tempestas impete fulgit,

Lucr. 6, 174:

fulsere ignes et aether,

Verg. A. 4, 167:

picei fulsere poli,

Val. Fl. 1, 622.—

Trop., of the vivid oratory of Pericles:

qui (Pericles) si tenui genere uteretur, numquam ab Aristophane poëta fulgere, tonare, permiscere Graeciam dictus esset,

Cic. Or. 9, 29 (acc. to Aristoph. Acharn. 530 sq.: Perikleês Oulumpios Êstrapten, ebronta, xunekuka tên Hellada); cf.:

fulgurare ac tonare,

Quint. 2, 16, 19.—

Transf., to flash, glitter, gleam, glare, glisten, shine (syn. splendeo).

Lit.:

qui nitent unguentis, qui fulgent purpurā,

Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 5:

marmorea tecta ebore et auro fulgentia,

id. Par. 1, 3, 13:

fulgentia signis castra,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 19: qui caelum versat stellis fulgentibus aptum, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 30 Vahl.); so id. ib. (Ann. v. 162 ib.):

caelo fulgebat luna sereno,

Hor. Epod. 15, 1; cf. id. C. 2, 16, 3; Ov. M. 2, 722:

fulgens contremuit domus Saturni (i. e. caelum),

Hor. C. 2, 12, 8:

micantes fulsere gladii,

Liv. 1, 25, 4; cf.:

fulgente decorus arcu Phoebus,

Hor. Carm. Sec. 61:

felium in tenebris fulgent radiantque oculi,

Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 151:

fulgentes oculi,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 15:

fulgentes Cycladae (on account of their marble),

id. ib. 3, 28, 14 (for which:

nitentes Cycladae,

id. ib. 1, 14, 19):

stet Capitolium fulgens (corresp. to lucidae sedes Olympi),

id. ib. 3, 3, 43:

argenti quod erat solis fulgebat in armis,

Juv. 11, 108.—

Trop., to shine, glitter; be conspicuous, illustrious (rare and mostly poet.):

(virtus) Intaminatis fulget honoribus,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 18:

indoles virtutis jam in adulescentulo,

Nep. Eum. 1, 4:

quondam nobili fulsi patre,

Sen. Med. 209:

fulgens imperio fertilis Africae,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 31:

fulgens sacerdotio,

Tac. H. 4, 42:

quae sanguine fulget Juli,

Juv. 8, 42.—Hence, ful-gens, entis, P. a., shining, glittering; in a trop. sense, illustrious.—Comp.:

fulgentior,

Sen. Ep. 115, 4.— Sup.:

Messala fulgentissimus juvenis,

Vell. 2, 71, 1:

opus Caesaris,

id. 2, 39, 1:

(M. Tullius) fulgentissimo et caelesti ore,

id. 2, 64, 3:

duo fulgentissima cognomina patris et patrui,

Val. Max. 3, 5, 1.— Adv.: fulgenter, glitteringly, resplendently.

Lit.:

quia sic fulgentius radiant,

Plin. 10, 20, 22, § 43. —

Trop.:

fulgentius instrui poterat luxuria, certe innocentius,

Plin. 22, 2, 3, § 4.

* * *

lūcĕo, xi, 2, v. n. [Sanscr. ruk, to be bright; Gr. luchnos, leukos, amphilukê; Lat. lux, lumen, lucidus, luna; O. H.-Germ. liŏht; Germ. Licht; cf. also illustris], to be light or clear, to shine, beam, glitter (syn.: splendeo, fulgeo).

Lit.: (lumen) Nihilo minus ipsi lucet, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 16, 51 (Trag. v. 389 Vahl.): tum candida lumina lucent, id. ap. Fest. p. 228 and 229 Müll. (Ann. v. 157 Vahl.):

(stella) luce lucebat aliena,

Cic. Rep. 4, 16, 16:

dum meus assiduo luceat igne focus,

Tib. 1, 1, 6:

lucet igne rogus,

Ov. H. 11, 104:

rara per occultos lucebat semita calles,

Verg. A. 9, 383:

lucet via longo Ordine flammarum,

id. ib. 11, 143; cf. Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 17:

interior caeli qua semita lucet,

Stat. Th. 9, 641:

(luminaria) lucent in firmamento caeli,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 15:

niveo lucet in ore rubor,

Ov. Am. 3, 3, 6:

lucent oculi,

id. M. 1, 239; Val. Fl. 6, 492:

cinis in multam noctem pertinaciter luxit,

Suet. Tib. 74:

virgatis lucent sagulis (sc. Galli),

glitter, Verg. A. 8, 660:

taedā lucebis in illa,

i. e. shall burn, Juv. 1, 155:

non amplius erit sol ad lucendum,

Vulg. Isa. 60, 19.—In the part. pres.:

e rosea sol alte lampade lucens,

Lucr. 5, 610; so,

globus lunae,

Verg. A. 6, 725:

faces,

Ov. F. 3, 270:

sedebat In solio Phoebus claris lucente smaragdis,

id. M. 2, 24:

lucerna lucens in caliginoso loco,

Vulg. 2 Pet. 1, 19.— Poet., with acc.:

huic lucebis novae nuptae facem,

will light her home with a torch, Plaut. Cas. 1, 30: tute tibi puer es;

lautus luces cereum,

id. Curc. 1, 1, 9.—

Of the day, daylight, etc., to appear, dawn, become light:

an umquam lucebit in orbe ille dies,

Sil. 16, 91:

lucente jam die,

Amm. 21, 15, 2.—

Esp., impers.: lucet, lucebat, etc., it is (was) light, it is (was) day, it is dawning:

priusquam lucet, adsunt,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 115:

si lucet lucet: lucet autem, lucet igitur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 96:

si judicatum erit meridie non lucere,

id. Att. 1, 1, 1:

nondum lucebat,

id. Rosc. Am. 34, 97:

nec satis lucebat: cum autem luceret, etc.,

id. Att. 16, 13, a, 1:

ubi lucere coepisset,

id. Div. 1, 23, 47: expergiscere: lucet hoc, it is light, it is day there (in the sky), Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 63:

hoc... luce lucebit,

id. Curc. 1, 3, 26. —

Transf., to shine or show through, to be discernible, visible ( poet.):

si qua Arabio lucet bombyce puella,

Prop. 2, 2, 25 (2, 3, 15):

femineum lucet sic per bombycina corpus,

Mart. 8, 68, 7:

vitalia lucent,

are uncovered, Stat. Th. 8, 525.—

Trop., to shine forth, to be conspicuous, apparent, clear, evident:

nunc imperii nostri splendor illis gentibus lucet,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:

mea officia et studia, quae parum antea luxerunt,

id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

cum res ipsa tot, tam claris argumentis luceat,

id. Mil. 23, 61:

virtus lucet in tenebris,

id. Sest. 28, 60:

tota oratio lucet,

Quint. 8, 5, 29; 9, 1, 19.—Hence, lūcens, entis, P. a., shining, bright, conspicuous: lucentior usus, Mall. Theod. de Metr. 9, 7.

nĭtĕo, ēre ( gen. plur nitentūm, Verg. Cir. 523), v. n. [etym. dub.; cf. nix], to shine, look bright, glitter, glisten (cf., luceo, fulgeo splendeo).

Lit.:

placatumque nitet diffuso lumine caelum,

Lucr. 1, 9:

luna potest solis radiis percussa nitere,

id. 5, 705:

qui nitent unguentis, fulgent purpurā,

Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 5:

diversi niteant cum mille colores,

Ov. M. 6, 65:

vere nitent terrae,

id. F. 4, 126:

aera nitent usu,

id. Am. 1, 8, 51; so,

ebur,

Tib. 1, 4, 64; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 19; Mart. 9, 58, 6; 8, 6, 10 et saep.—

Transf.

Of animals, to be sleek, in good condition:

at hau pol nitent (oves),

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 6:

unde sic quaeso nites?

Phaedr. 3, 7, 4; Plin. 18, 5, 6, § 27; cf.:

hic nitet ungula mulae,

Juv. 7, 181.—

Of persons, to shine, to look bright or beautiful:

miseri quibus Intentata nites! ( = pulchra et amabilis videris),

Hor. C. 1, 5, 12:

ore nitet,

Mart. 10, 89, 3:

nitet ante alias regina comesque Pelides,

Stat. Achill. 2, 148:

murice tincta Veste nites,

Mart. 5, 23, 6.—

Of fields, plants, etc., to look flourishing, thriving, to thrive, etc.:

camposque nitentes Desuper ostentat,

Verg. A. 6, 677:

ubi tellus nitet,

Petr. 99; cf. Plin. 17, 4, 3, § 26.—

Of a house:

tibi hoc praecipio ut niteant aedes,

be in complete order, Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 281.—

Of wealth, etc., to flourish, abound:

vectigal in pace niteat,

Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 21:

res ubi magna nitet domino sene,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 12. —

Trop., to shine, be brilliant, look or be beautiful: ver vide;

ut tota floret, ut olet, ut nitide nitet,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 3:

illorum, vides, quam niteat oratio,

Cic. Fin. 4, 3, 5; so,

ubi plura nitent in carmine,

Hor. A. P. 351:

omnia nobilibus oppidis ni tent,

Plin. 3, 5, 7, § 49.—Hence, nĭtens, entis, P. a., shining, glittering, glistening, brilliant, bright.

Lit.:

capilli malobathro,

Hor. C. 2, 7, 7:

mensae,

id. S. 2, 2, 4:

oculi,

Verg. A. 1, 228:

astra,

Ov. F. 5, 543:

Lucifer,

Tib. 1, 3, 93:

nitentes solis equi,

Val. Fl. 5, 413:

arma nitentia ante rem, deformia inter sanguinem, etc.,

Liv. 9, 40, 5.—

Transf.

Of animals, sleek, fat:

nitens taurus,

Verg. A. 3, 20.—

Of persons, shining, bright, beautiful:

uxor ore floridulo nitens,

Cat. 61, 189:

desiderio meo nitenti,

my darling bright, id. 2, 5.— Comp.: nitentior [p. 1210] femina, Ov. M. 12, 405 (Merkel, decentior).—

Of plants, blooming:

nitentia culta,

Verg. G. 1, 153:

arbor laeta et nitens,

Gell. 12, 1, 16.— Comp.:

Tyrio nitentior ostro flos oritur,

Ov. M. 10, 211.—

Trop.

Illustrious:

recenti gloriā nitens,

Liv. 3, 12:

non patre nitens linguāve,

Sil. 6, 19. —

Of speech, brilliant, elegant:

oratio,

Cic. Brut. 67, 238.—

Of the mind, bright, clear:

macte, oro, nitenti Ingenio,

Stat. S. 1, 5, 63.

splendesco ( perf. dŭi, Aug. Conf. 10, 27), 3, v. inch. n. [splendeo], to become bright or shining, to derive lustre from a thing (rare; in Cic. only in a trop. sense).

Lit.:

incipiat sulco attritus splendescere vomer,

Verg. G. 1, 46:

vidimus Aetnaeā caelum splendescere flammā,

Ov. P. 2, 10, 23:

corpora... succo pinguis olivi Splendescunt,

id. M. 10, 177:

gladius usu splendescit,

App. Flor. 3, p. 357:

largo splendescat ignis ture,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 691.—

Trop.:

nihil est tam incultum, quod non splendescat oratione, Cic. Par. prooem. § 3: canorum illud in voce splendescit etiam in senectute,

id. Sen. 9, 28:

nec jam splendescit (opus) lima, sed atteritur,

Plin. Ep. 5, 11, 3.

splendĭdus, a, um, adj. [splendeo], bright, shining, glittering, brilliant, etc. (class.; syn.: nitidus, lucidus, coruscus).

Lit.

In gen.: o magna templa caelitum, commixta stellis splendidis, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 6 Müll. (Trag. v. 227 Vahl.); so,

signa caeli,

Lucr. 4, 444:

lumina solis,

id. 2, 108:

caelum cum aequaliter totum erit splendidum,

Plin. 18, 35, 80, § 351; cf. comp.:

quanto splendidior quam cetera sidera fulget Lucifer,

Ov. M. 2, 722:

sol splendidior,

Tib. 4, 1, 123.— Sup.:

splendidissimus candor,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

color (with flam neus),

Lucr. 6, 208:

ostro crinis,

Ov. M. 8, 8: venabula. id. ib. 8, 419:

fons splendidio vitro,

Hor. C. 3, 13, 1; cf.: Galatea Splendidior vitro, Ov. M. 13, 791:

umor sudoris,

Lucr. 6, 1187: bilis, bright yellow, cholê xanthê, Hor. S. 2, 3, 141 (cf.:

vitrea bilis,

Pers. 3, 8). —

In partic., of style of living, dress, etc., brilliant, splendid, magnificent, sumptuous (syn. magnificus):

quorum in villā ac domo nihil splendidum fuit praeter ipsos,

Cic. Par. 5, 2, 38:

splendida domus gaudet regali gaza,

Cat. 64, 46; Verg. A. 1, 637:

vestis,

Petr. 12; cf.:

splendidus et virilis cultus,

Quint. 11, 3, 137:

homo (opp. luxuriosus),

Vell. 2, 105, 2:

secundas res splendidiores facit amicitia,

Cic. Lael. 6, 22.—

Trop.

In gen., brilliant, illustrious, distinguished, noble (cf.:

egregius, amplus): C. Plotius, eques Romanus splendidus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 18, 58; cf.:

vir splendidissimus atque ornatissimus civitatis suae,

id. Fl. 20, 48:

homo propter virtutem splendidus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 38; Plin. Ep. 4, 4, 2:

splendidissima ingenia,

Cic. Off. 1, 8, 26; 1, 18, 61:

causa splendidior,

id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; cf.:

splendida facta,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 237:

ratio dicendi,

Cic. Brut. 75, 261; so,

splendida et grandis oratio,

id. ib. 79, 273; cf.:

splendidius et magnificentius (genus dicendi),

id. ib. 55, 201; cf.: figurarum commentis splendida loca attentare, brilliant passages of a speech, Amm. 29, 2, 8:

splendidis nominibus illuminatus est versus,

Cic. Or. 49, 163:

splendidioribus verbis uti,

id. Brut. 58:

vox suavis et splendida,

clear, id. ib. 55, 203:

cum de te splendida Minos Fecerit arbitria,

Hor. C. 4, 7, 21.—

In partic. (with the accessory idea of mere appearance, opp. to what is real or actual), showy, fine, specious, = speciosus:

non tam solido quam splendido nomine,

Cic. Fin. 1, 18, 61:

praetendens culpae splendida verba tuae,

Ov. R. Am. 240.—

Clear, distinct:

vox,

Cic. Brut. 55, 203.—Hence, adv.: splendĭdē, brightly, brilliantly.

Lit.:

ornare magnifice splendideque convivium,

Cic. Quint. 30, 93; cf.:

apparatus splendidissime expositus,

Petr. 21.—

Trop., brilliantly, splendidly, nobly:

acta aetas honeste ac splendide,

honorably, with distinction, Cic. Tusc. 3, 25, 61; cf. id. Sen. 18, 64:

splendidius contra regem quam, etc., bellum gerere, Auct. B. Alex. 24, 2: ornate splendideque facere,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 4:

dicta,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 6:

in parentem Splendide mendax,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 35:

splendidissime natus,

of very high birth, Sen. Ep. 47, 8; cf. Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 2.—

Clearly, intelligibly:

loqui,

Cic. de Or. 2, 16, 68.—

Ostentatiously:

invitare,

Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63; cf.:

parum se splendide gerere,

with too little show, meanly, Nep. Att. 14, 2.

splendor, ōris, m. [splendeo], sheen, brightness, brilliance, lustre, splendor.

Lit.

In gen. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

syn.: fulgor, nitor): splendor acer adurit saepe oculos,

Lucr. 4, 304:

splendor clipeo clarior, Plaut Mil. 1, 1, 1: caelum splendore plenum,

id. Merc. 5, 2, 39:

flammae,

Ov. F. 5, 366:

auri (with nitor gemmae),

Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63:

argenti,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 28:

jussine in splendorem dare bullas has foribus nostris?

to be polished, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 20; cf. id. Aul. 4, 1, 16:

clarus vestis purpureaï,

Lucr. 2, 52; cf.:

magnificus Babylonicorum,

id. 4, 1029:

aquaï,

clearness, id. 4, 211:

aquarum,

Front. Aquaed. 89:

minii,

Plin. 33, 7, 40, § 121:

lapidis phengitae,

Suet. Dom. 14 et saep.— Plur.:

nitores et splendores auri,

Gell. 2, 6, 4: tremuli splendores, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olyb. 123. —

In partic., of style of living, etc., splendor, magnificence, sumptuousness (class.;

syn. magnificentia): (majores nostri) in publicā dignitate omnia ad gloriam splendoremque revocarunt,

Cic. Fl. 12, 28:

si quem horum aliquid offendit, si amicorum catervae, si splendor, si nitor,

id. Cael. 31, 77:

splendor domūs atque victūs,

Gell. 1, 14, 1.—

Trop., lustre, splendor, honor, dignity, excellence, etc. (so most freq. in Cic.):

honesti homines et summo splendore praediti,

Cic. Clu. 69, 198:

summorum hominum splendor,

id. de Or. 1, 45, 200: senator [p. 1745] populi Romani, splendor ordinis, id. Caecin. 10, 28:

equester,

id. Rosc. Am. 48, 140; cf. id. Fam. 1, 3, 1; 1, 12, 27:

imperii,

id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:

animi et vitae,

id. Rep. 2, 42, 69:

vitae,

Liv. 3, 35, 1:

dignitatis,

Cic. Sull. 1:

M. Catonis splendorem maculare,

id. Sest. 28, 60:

harum rerum splendor omnis et amplitudo,

id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

splendore nominis capti,

id. Fin. 1, 13, 42:

verborum Graecorum,

id. Or. 49, 164; cf. id. ib. 31, 110; Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 2; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

actio ejus habebat in voce magnum splendorem,

clearness, Cic. Brut. 68, 239; so,

vocis,

id. ib. 71, 250; Plin. 20, 6, 21, § 47.