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61 gözlük camı
n. lens, spectacle glass, eyeglass, glass -
62 Lippershey, Hans (Johannes)
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]fl. sixteenth/seventeenth centuries the Netherlands[br]Dutch probable inventor of the telescope.[br]Lippershey was a spectacle maker of Middelburg, a contender for the invention of the telescope. It is said that about 1600 two children were playing about his workshop and chanced to place a convex and a concave lens in a line, and noted a great magnification of the nearby church. Lippershey confirmed this and started manufacture of "instruments for seeing at a distance". In 1608 he petitioned the States General of the Netherlands for a patent for thirty years. A committee appointed to look into the matter declared that the device was likely to be of use to the State and suggested the improvement of a binocular arrangement. Other Dutch glass-workers, however, put forward claims to have constructed similar instruments, and, in the confusion, the States General turned down Lippershey's plea and he received no financial reward or patent protection.[br]Further ReadingD.J.Boorstin, 1984, The Discoverers, London: J.M.Dent.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Lippershey, Hans (Johannes)
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63 Wright, Basil Martin
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 20 December 1912 Dulwich, London, England[br]English physician and research physiologist, inventor of the Wright Respirometer peak-flow meter for measurement of respiratory ventilatory capacity and of "fluid lens" spectacles.[br]He qualified at St Bartholomew's Hospital in 1938 and after early hospital posts served in the Army as a specialist in pathology in West Africa and Singapore. In 1947 he joined the Medical Research Council (MRC) and until 1957 he was involved with the Pneumoconiosis Research Unit in investigation of dust inhalation. In 1957 he transferred to the National Institute for Medical Research, to concentrate on instrument development, and in 1969 to the Bioengineering Division of the MRC Clinical Research Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He was responsible for a number of instrumental developments and inventions in the fields, amongst others, of respiration measurement, blood alcohol levels and variable adjustable spectacle lenses (achieved by altering the curvature of the surface of a thinwalled transparent fluid cell).[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFellow of the Royal College of Physicians 1989. Doctor of Medicine, Cambridge, 1969. International Inventors Fair Design Awards and Gold Medal.Bibliography1955, "A respiratory anemometer", Journal of Physiology.1959, with McKerrow, "Maximum forced expiatory flow rate as a measure of respiratory capacity", British Medical Journal.1978, "Variable focus spectacles", Transactions of the Ophthalmological Society of theUK.1986, "Patient-triggered ventilation in the new-born", Lancet.MG
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