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61 opnemen
2 [op zich nemen] take on3 [weer opvatten] resume4 [laten afschrijven] withdraw5 [beoordelen] take6 [opvatten] take8 [nauwkeurig opmeten] measure (up)10 [weghalen] take/pull/tear up17 [opvegen] mop/wipe up♦voorbeelden:het vloerkleed opnemen • take up the carpet4 ƒ200,- opnemen • withdraw Dfl200,-een lening opnemen • take out a loaneen snipperdag opnemen • take the/a day offiets goed opnemen • take something wellhoe zou hij het opnemen? • how would he take it?iets hoog opnemen • not take kindly to somethingiets verkeerd opnemen • take something the wrong way7 iets goed opnemen • take a good look at/stock of somethingiemand nauwkeurig opnemen • observe/look at someone closelyiemand onderzoekend opnemen • scrutinize someonescherp/wantrouwend opnemen • eye sharply/keenly/suspiciouslyzij nam hem op van top tot teen • she looked him up and downop de band opnemen • tape, recordop de video opnemen • (video-)recordde tijd opnemen (van) • time a personin de stukken/notulen opnemen • enter in the documents/minutesnieuwe woorden opnemen in een woordenboek • enter new words in a dictionarylaten opnemen in een ziekenhuis • hospitalizeiets niet opnemen • leave out, omiteen clausule in een contract opnemen • insert a clause in a contractin het ziekenhuis opgenomen worden • be admitted to hospitalopnemen in een catalogus • put in a cataloguenamen in een lijst opnemen • include names on a list, list namesopnemen onder de rubriek …/in een rubriek • include under the heading …/in a columniemand als lid in een club opnemen • admit someone as a member of a club15 hij neemt alles heel snel/gemakkelijk op • he's very receptive/quick on the uptakeiets goed in zich opnemen • take something in18 deze spons neemt veel water op • this sponge takes up a lot of water/is very absorbenthet tegen iemand opnemen • take someone onhij kan het tegen iedereen opnemen • he can hold his own against anyonehet tegen anderen moeten opnemen • have to compete against othershet voor iemand/iets opnemen • make a stand for someone/something, speak/stick up for someone/something -
62 Animal Intelligence
We can... distinguish sharply between the kind of behavior which from the very beginning arises out of a consideration of the structure of a situation, and one that does not. Only in the former case do we speak of insight, and only that behavior of animals definitely appears to us intelligent which takes account from the beginning of the lay of the land, and proceeds to deal with it in a single, continuous, and definite course. Hence follows this criterion of insight: the appearance of a complete solution with reference to the whole lay- out of the field. (KoЁhler, 1927, pp. 169-170)Signs, in [Edward] Tolman's theory, occasion in the rat realization, or cognition, or judgment, or hypotheses, or abstraction, but they do not occasion action. In his concern with what goes on in the rat's mind, Tolman has neglected to predict what the rat will do. So far as the theory is concerned the rat is left buried in thought: if he gets to the food-box at the end that is his concern, not the concern of the theory. (Guthrie, 1972, p. 172)3) A New Insight Consists of a Recombination of Pre-existent Mediating PropertiesThe insightful act is an excellent example of something that is not learned, but still depends on learning. It is not learned, since it can be adequately performed on its first occurrence; it is not perfected through practice in the first place, but appears all at once in recognizable form (further practice, however, may still improve it). On the other hand, the situation must not be completely strange; the animal must have had prior experience with the component parts of the situation, or with other situations that have some similarity to it.... All our evidence thus points to the conclusion that a new insight consists of a recombination of pre existent mediating processes, not the sudden appearance of a wholly new process. (Hebb, 1958, pp. 204-205)In Morgan's own words, the principle is, "In no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise of a higher psychical faculty, if it can be interpreted as the outcome of the exercise of one which stands lower in the psychological scale." Behaviorists universally adopted this idea as their own, interpreting it as meaning that crediting consciousness to animals can't be justified if the animal's behavior can be explained in any other way, because consciousness is certainly a "higher psychical faculty." Actually, their interpretation is wrong, since Morgan was perfectly happy with the idea of animal consciousness: he even gives examples of it directly taken from dog behavior. Thus in The Limits of Animal Intelligence, he describes a dog returning from a walk "tired" and "hungry" and going down into the kitchen and "looking up wistfully" at the cook. Says Morgan about this, "I, for one, would not feel disposed to question that he has in his mind's eye a more or less definite idea of a bone."Morgan's Canon really applies to situations where the level of intelligence credited to an animal's behavior goes well beyond what is really needed for simple and sensible explanation. Thus application of Morgan's Canon would prevent us from presuming that, when a dog finds its way home after being lost for a day, it must have the ability to read a map, or that, if a dog always begins to act hungry and pace around the kitchen at 6 P.M. and is always fed at 6:30 P.M., this must indicate that it has learned how to tell time. These conclusions involve levels of intelligence that are simply not needed to explain the behaviors. (Coren, 1994, pp. 72-73)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Animal Intelligence
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63 sert
",-ti 1. hard; tough. 2. strong, potent; sharp, pungent; (something) which has a rough taste. 3. harsh, severe, rough. 4. harsh, unpleasant (sound). 5. sharply drawn; hard, harsh, stark (line). - damak anat. hard palate. - konuşmak to speak harshly. - su hard water. - tabaka anat. sclera, sclerotica."
См. также в других словарях:
speak — speakable, adj. speakableness, n. speakably, adv. /speek/, v., spoke or (Archaic) spake; spoken or (Archaic) spoke; speaking. v.i. 1. to utter words or articulate sounds with the ordinary voice; talk: He was too … Universalium
sharply — adverb 1 SPEAK/LOOK in a severe and disapproving way: “What do you mean by that?” Paul asked sharply. | I glanced at her sharply, but said nothing. | sharply critical (=very critical and disapproving) 2 CHANGE if something rises, falls etc… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
speak — verb 1 have a conversation ADVERB ▪ briefly ▪ We spoke briefly on the phone. ▪ at length ▪ hardly ▪ Ben hardly spoke to me all evening … Collocations dictionary
sharply — adv. Sharply is used with these adjectives: ↑critical, ↑limited, ↑polarized, ↑silhouetted Sharply is used with these verbs: ↑accelerate, ↑ask, ↑brake, ↑climb, ↑contrast, ↑criticize, ↑ … Collocations dictionary
snap — [snap] vi. snapped, snapping [< MDu or MLowG snappen, akin to Ger schnappen < Gmc base * snab ] 1. to bring the jaws together sharply; bite suddenly: often with at [a fish snaps at bait] 2. to snatch or grasp quickly or eagerly: with at [to … English World dictionary
fling — /fling/, v., flung, flinging, n. v.t. 1. to throw, cast, or hurl with force or violence: to fling a stone. 2. to move (oneself) violently with impatience, contempt, or the like: She flung herself angrily from the room. 3. to put suddenly or… … Universalium
fling — [[t]flɪŋ[/t]] v. flung, fling•ing, n. 1) to throw or cast with force, violence, or abandon 2) to move (oneself) violently or abruptly: She flung herself angrily from the room[/ex] 3) to put or send suddenly or without preparation: to fling… … From formal English to slang
Mr. Mom — For the Lonestar song, see Mr. Mom (Lonestar song). Mr. Mom Theatrical release poster Directed by Stan Dragoti … Wikipedia
fling — flɪŋ n. toss, throw; slinging, casting; short period of total indulgence; reprimand, critical remark; attempt, experiment v. throw; cast; toss, discard; speak sharply or forcefully; involve oneself in an energetic manner; move in an energetic… … English contemporary dictionary
flinging — flɪŋ n. toss, throw; slinging, casting; short period of total indulgence; reprimand, critical remark; attempt, experiment v. throw; cast; toss, discard; speak sharply or forcefully; involve oneself in an energetic manner; move in an energetic… … English contemporary dictionary
flings — flɪŋ n. toss, throw; slinging, casting; short period of total indulgence; reprimand, critical remark; attempt, experiment v. throw; cast; toss, discard; speak sharply or forcefully; involve oneself in an energetic manner; move in an energetic… … English contemporary dictionary
