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21 distribution
- charge distribution
- congestion distribution
- cumulative service time distribution
- defect-density distribution
- degenerate distribution
- depth distribution
- dopant distribution
- doping distribution
- electron energy distribution
- error-function distribution
- Fermi distribution
- field distribution
- Gaussian distribution
- impurity distribution
- nondegenerate distribution
- Maxwell distribution
- power distribution
- space [spatial] distribution
- velocity distribution
- 3-D distributionEnglish-Ukrainian dictionary of microelectronics > distribution
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22 gradient
1) градиент (1. вчт дифференциальный оператор 2. вчт градиент скалярного или векторного поля 3. скорость изменения какой-либо величины с расстоянием 4. кривая зависимости скорости изменения какой-либо величины от расстояния 5. вчт инструмент для заливки выделенной области несколькими цветами с плавными переходами между ними, инструмент для (многоцветной) градиентной заливки (в графических редакторах)) || градиентный2) склон; уклон; наклон || имеющий склон или уклон; наклонный3) наклонная поверхность; наклонная плоскость•- gradient of scalar
- gradient of scalar field
- gradient of tensor
- gradient of vector
- gradient of vector field
- alternating gradient
- bias field gradient
- composition gradient
- concentration gradient
- conditional gradient
- conjugate gradients
- contrast gradient
- density gradient
- diffusion gradient
- electrochemical gradient
- electron gradient
- field gradient
- hole gradient
- impurity gradient
- logarithmic gradient
- noise gradient
- potential gradient
- reduced gradient
- resistivity gradient
- solid gradient
- spatial gradient
- surface gradient
- temperature gradient
- thermal gradient
- torque gradient
- voltage gradient -
23 system
1) система || системный3) вчт операционная система; программа-супервизор5) вчт большая программа6) метод; способ; алгоритм•system halted — "система остановлена" ( экранное сообщение об остановке компьютера при наличии серьёзной ошибки)
- CPsystem- H-system- h-system- hydrogen-air/lead battery hybrid system- Ksystem- Lsystem- L*a*b* system- master/slave computer system- p-system- y-system- Δ-system -
24 gradient
1) градиент (1. вчт. дифференциальный оператор 2. вчт. градиент скалярного или векторного поля 3. скорость изменения какой-либо величины с расстоянием 4. кривая зависимости скорости изменения какой-либо величины от расстояния 5. вчт. инструмент для заливки выделенной области несколькими цветами с плавными переходами между ними, инструмент для (многоцветной) градиентной заливки (в графических редакторах)) || градиентный2) склон; уклон; наклон || имеющий склон или уклон; наклонный3) наклонная поверхность; наклонная плоскость•- bias field gradient
- composition gradient
- concentration gradient
- conditional gradient
- conjugate gradients
- contrast gradient
- density gradient
- diffusion gradient
- electrochemical gradient
- electron gradient
- field gradient
- gradient of function
- gradient of scalar field
- gradient of scalar
- gradient of tensor
- gradient of vector field
- gradient of vector
- hole gradient
- impurity gradient
- logarithmic gradient
- noise gradient
- potential gradient
- reduced gradient
- resistivity gradient
- solid gradient
- spatial gradient
- surface gradient
- temperature gradient
- thermal gradient
- torque gradient
- voltage gradientThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > gradient
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25 information
информация; данные- alpha-numeric dimensional information
- alpha-numeric manufacturing information
- arbitrary information
- average information
- back information
- barcoded information
- billet information
- bulk information
- business information
- camera information
- clear-test information
- coded information
- command information
- control information
- corrective action information
- current information
- cutter preset information
- design information
- digital information
- digitized information
- dimensional information
- directional sinusoid information
- disciplinary information
- documentary information
- edited information
- end-of-life tool information
- engineering information
- external information
- extralinguistic information
- extraneous information
- factual information
- feed-forward information
- function information
- gaging information
- generated wheel form information
- hierarchical information
- historical information
- inhouse information
- initial information
- instantly access actionable information
- interblock information
- intercomputer information
- inventory information
- job information
- legal information
- limit and fit information
- line information
- linguistic information
- locating information
- machining information
- measurement information
- motion information
- multisensor information
- numeric information
- numerical information
- operator information
- out-of-balance information
- part program information
- patent information
- path information
- planning information
- postprocessed information
- precise information
- probability information
- problem-specific information
- process information
- processed information
- product assurance information
- production engineering information
- production information
- product-related information
- prompting information
- rapid information
- raw information
- real-time status information
- redundant information
- reference information
- request information
- retrospective information
- scientific and technical information
- select information
- semantic information
- sensitive information
- sensory information
- setup information
- skill information
- spatial information
- SPC information
- status information
- STI information
- subject information
- summary information
- tactile information
- tape edit information
- technical information
- techno-economic information
- technological information
- temporary information
- tolerance information
- tool management information
- tracking information
- undocumented information
- updated information
- user-selected information
- vital informationEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > information
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26 temporal blur
определяется временем выдержки - временем срабатывания затвора фото-или видеокамеры (см. point-spread-function)см. тж. spatial blurАнгло-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > temporal blur
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27 domain
1) владение, имение2) территория, зона3) физ. домен4) область, сфера5) матем. область определения6) область, домен• -
28 gradient
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29 potential
1) потенциал || потенциальный2) напряжение; разность потенциалов• -
30 variable
1) переменная (величина) || переменный2) изменчивый3) изменяемый; варьируемый4) регулируемый•variable unrestricted in sign — переменная, не ограниченная в знаке
- absolutely integrable variable - anonymous free variable - complex free variable - complex random variable - discontinuous variable - discrete random variable - discrete variable variable - discrete variable - essentially free variable - excessive random variable - exchangeable random variables - generalized random variable - geometric random variable - infinitesimal random variable - jointly normal random variables - linguistic random variable - multinomial random variable - multinormal random variable - multiplicative random variable - mutually independent random variables - nonanticipative random variable - normed random variable - number variable - optimal stopping variable - orthonormal random variables - pairwise independent random variables - spatial variable - symmetrized random variable - two-state variable - two-valued variable - uniformly limited variableto separate variables — мат. разделять переменные
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31 coordinate
координата; <pl>1. координаты2. оси координат; система координатcoordinate of the foremost point of the aerodynamic mean chord lineaffine coordinatesaircraft coordinatesairfoil coordinatesbalance coordinatesblade coordinatesblade-fixed coordinatesbody coordinatesbody-fitted coordinatesbody-fixed coordinatesbody-oriented coordinatescanonical coordinatesCartesian coordinateschordwise coordinatecircumferential coordinatecomputational coordinatescylindrical coordinatesdiscrete coordinatesdistributed coordinatesEarth-fixed launch site coordinatesequilibrium coordinatesgeneralized coordinatesglobal coordinatesignorable coordinatesinertial coordinatesisoparametric coordinatesmissile-fixed coordinatesnatural coordinatesnodal coordinatespolar coordinatesradial coordinaterotational coordinatesspanwise coordinatespatial coordinatespherical coordinatesstream function coordinatessurface-oriented coordinatestime coordinatetip-path-fixed coordinatestransformed coordinatestranslational coordinatestransverse coordinatevertical coordinatewind-fixed coordinates -
32 Mind
It becomes, therefore, no inconsiderable part of science... to know the different operations of the mind, to separate them from each other, to class them under their proper heads, and to correct all that seeming disorder in which they lie involved when made the object of reflection and inquiry.... It cannot be doubted that the mind is endowed with several powers and faculties, that these powers are distinct from one another, and that what is really distinct to the immediate perception may be distinguished by reflection and, consequently, that there is a truth and falsehood which lie not beyond the compass of human understanding. (Hume, 1955, p. 22)Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white Paper, void of all Characters, without any Ideas: How comes it to be furnished? Whence comes it by that vast store, which the busy and boundless Fancy of Man has painted on it, with an almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of Reason and Knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from Experience. (Locke, quoted in Herrnstein & Boring, 1965, p. 584)The kind of logic in mythical thought is as rigorous as that of modern science, and... the difference lies, not in the quality of the intellectual process, but in the nature of things to which it is applied.... Man has always been thinking equally well; the improvement lies, not in an alleged progress of man's mind, but in the discovery of new areas to which it may apply its unchanged and unchanging powers. (Leґvi-Strauss, 1963, p. 230)MIND. A mysterious form of matter secreted by the brain. Its chief activity consists in the endeavor to ascertain its own nature, the futility of the attempt being due to the fact that it has nothing but itself to know itself with. (Bierce, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 55)[Philosophy] understands the foundations of knowledge and it finds these foundations in a study of man-as-knower, of the "mental processes" or the "activity of representation" which make knowledge possible. To know is to represent accurately what is outside the mind, so to understand the possibility and nature of knowledge is to understand the way in which the mind is able to construct such representation.... We owe the notion of a "theory of knowledge" based on an understanding of "mental processes" to the seventeenth century, and especially to Locke. We owe the notion of "the mind" as a separate entity in which "processes" occur to the same period, and especially to Descartes. We owe the notion of philosophy as a tribunal of pure reason, upholding or denying the claims of the rest of culture, to the eighteenth century and especially to Kant, but this Kantian notion presupposed general assent to Lockean notions of mental processes and Cartesian notions of mental substance. (Rorty, 1979, pp. 3-4)Under pressure from the computer, the question of mind in relation to machine is becoming a central cultural preoccupation. It is becoming for us what sex was to Victorians-threat, obsession, taboo, and fascination. (Turkle, 1984, p. 313)7) Understanding the Mind Remains as Resistant to Neurological as to Cognitive AnalysesRecent years have been exciting for researchers in the brain and cognitive sciences. Both fields have flourished, each spurred on by methodological and conceptual developments, and although understanding the mechanisms of mind is an objective shared by many workers in these areas, their theories and approaches to the problem are vastly different....Early experimental psychologists, such as Wundt and James, were as interested in and knowledgeable about the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system as about the young science of the mind. However, the experimental study of mental processes was short-lived, being eclipsed by the rise of behaviorism early in this century. It was not until the late 1950s that the signs of a new mentalism first appeared in scattered writings of linguists, philosophers, computer enthusiasts, and psychologists.In this new incarnation, the science of mind had a specific mission: to challenge and replace behaviorism. In the meantime, brain science had in many ways become allied with a behaviorist approach.... While behaviorism sought to reduce the mind to statements about bodily action, brain science seeks to explain the mind in terms of physiochemical events occurring in the nervous system. These approaches contrast with contemporary cognitive science, which tries to understand the mind as it is, without any reduction, a view sometimes described as functionalism.The cognitive revolution is now in place. Cognition is the subject of contemporary psychology. This was achieved with little or no talk of neurons, action potentials, and neurotransmitters. Similarly, neuroscience has risen to an esteemed position among the biological sciences without much talk of cognitive processes. Do the fields need each other?... [Y]es because the problem of understanding the mind, unlike the wouldbe problem solvers, respects no disciplinary boundaries. It remains as resistant to neurological as to cognitive analyses. (LeDoux & Hirst, 1986, pp. 1-2)Since the Second World War scientists from different disciplines have turned to the study of the human mind. Computer scientists have tried to emulate its capacity for visual perception. Linguists have struggled with the puzzle of how children acquire language. Ethologists have sought the innate roots of social behaviour. Neurophysiologists have begun to relate the function of nerve cells to complex perceptual and motor processes. Neurologists and neuropsychologists have used the pattern of competence and incompetence of their brain-damaged patients to elucidate the normal workings of the brain. Anthropologists have examined the conceptual structure of cultural practices to advance hypotheses about the basic principles of the mind. These days one meets engineers who work on speech perception, biologists who investigate the mental representation of spatial relations, and physicists who want to understand consciousness. And, of course, psychologists continue to study perception, memory, thought and action.... [W]orkers in many disciplines have converged on a number of central problems and explanatory ideas. They have realized that no single approach is likely to unravel the workings of the mind: it will not give up its secrets to psychology alone; nor is any other isolated discipline-artificial intelligence, linguistics, anthropology, neurophysiology, philosophy-going to have any greater success. (Johnson-Laird, 1988, p. 7)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Mind
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33 Neural Network
1. A neural network is composed of a number of very simple processing elements [("neurodes")] that communicate through a rich set of interconnections with variable weights or strengths.2. Memories are stored or represented in a neural network in the pattern of variable interconnection weights among the neurodes. Information is processed by a spreading, constantly changing pattern of activity distributed across many neurodes.3. A neural network is taught or trained rather than programmed. It is even possible to construct systems capable of independent or autonomous learning....4. Instead of having a separate memory and controller, plus a stored external program that dictates the operation of the system as in a digital computer, the operation of a neural network is implicitly controlled by three properties: the transfer function of the neurodes, the details of the structure of the connections among the neurodes, and the learning law the system follows.5. A neural network naturally acts as an associative memory. That is, it inherently associated items it is taught, physically grouping similar items together in its structure. A neural network operated as a memory is content addressable; it can retrieve stored information from incomplete, noisy, or partially incorrect input cues.6. A neural network is able to generalize; it can learn the characteristics of a general category of objects based on a series of specific examples from that category.7. A neural network keeps working even after a significant fraction of its neurodes and interconnections have become defective.8. A neural network innately acts as a processor for time-dependent spatial patterns, or spatiotemporal patterns. (Caudill & Butler, 1990, pp. 7-8)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Neural Network
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