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1 écosystčme de zone froide
экосистема холодной зоны
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cold zone ecosystem
The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings located in climatic regions where the air temperature is below 10Đ° Celsius for eight to eleven months of the year. (Source: TOE / EOC)
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Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > écosystčme de zone froide
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2 inversion thermique
атмосферная инверсия
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atmospheric inversion
A temperature inversion in the atmosphere in which the temperature, instead of falling, increases with height above the ground. With the colder and heavier air below, there is no tendency to form upward currents and turbulence is suppressed. Inversions are often formed in the late afternoon when the radiation emitted from the ground exceeds that received from the sinking sun. Inversions are also caused by katabatic winds, that is cold winds flowing down the hillside into a valley, and by anticyclones. In inversion layers, both vertical and horizontal diffusion is inhibited and pollutants become trapped, sometimes for long periods. Low-level discharges of pollutants are more readily trapped by inversions than high level dischargers, hence the case for high stacks. Furthermore, high level discharges into an inversion tend to remain at a high level because of the absence of vertical mixing. (Source: GILP96)
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Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > inversion thermique
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3 climat continental
континентальный климат
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continental climate
A climate characterized by hot summers, cold winters, and little rainfall, typical of the interior of a continent. (Source: CED)
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Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > climat continental
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4 foręt des zones tempérées
лес умеренной климатической зоны
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temperate forest
Mixed forest of conifers and broad-leaf deciduous trees, or mixed conifer and broad-leaf evergreen trees, or entirely broad-leaf deciduous, or entirely broad-leaf evergreen trees, found in temperate regions across the world; characterized by high rainfall, warm summers, cold winters occasionally subzero, seasonality; typically with dense canopies, understorey saplings and tall shrubs, large animals, carnivores dominant, very rich in bird species. (Source: LBC)
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Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > foręt des zones tempérées
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5 poisson
рыба
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fish
Cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates. (Source: MGH)
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Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > poisson
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6 pollution thermique
термальное загрязнение
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thermal pollution
The excessive raising or lowering of water temperature above or below normal seasonal ranges in streams, lakes, or estuaries or oceans as the result of discharge of hot or cold effluents into such water. (Source: LANDY / WPR)
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Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > pollution thermique
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7 tornade
торнадо
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tornado
A rapidly rotating column of air developed around a very intense low-pressure centre. It is associated with a dark funnel-shaped cloud and with extremely violent winds (>300km/h) blowing in a counterclockwise spiral, but accompanied by violent downdraughts. The precise mechanisms are not fully understood but the following atmospheric conditions appear to be necessary for tornado development: a layer of warm moist air at low altitude; a layer of dry air at higher altitude with an inversion of temperature at about 1.000 m; a triggering mechanism, usually in the form of an active, intense cold front or solar heating of the ground which will create a vortex. (Source: WHIT)
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Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > tornade
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8 circulation maritime
циркуляция морской воды
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sea circulation
Large-scale horizontal water motion within an ocean. The way energy from the sun, stored in the sea, is transported around the world. The currents explain, for example, why the UK has ice-free ports in winter, while St. Petersburg, at the same latitude as the Shetland Islands, needs ice breakers. Evidence is growing that the world's ocean circulation was very different during the last ice age and has changed several times in the distant past, with dramatic effects on climate. The oceans are vital as storehouses, as they absorb more than half the sun's heat reaching the earth. This heat, which is primarily absorbed near the equator is carried around the world and released elsewhere, creating currents which last up to 1.000 years. As the Earth rotates and the wind acts upon the surface, currents carry warm tropical water to the cooler parts of the world. The strength and direction of the currents are affected by landmasses, bottlenecks through narrow straits, and even the shape of the sea-bed. When the warm water reaches polar regions its heat evaporates into the atmosphere, reducing its temperature and increasing its density. When sea-water freezes it leaves salt behind in the unfrozen water and this cold water sinks into the ocean and begins to flow back to the tropics. Eventually it is heated and begins the cycle all over again. (Source: MGH / WRIGHT)
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Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > circulation maritime
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9 écosystčme des zones tempérées
экосистема региона с умеренным климатом
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temperate ecosystem
The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in regions of or related to moderate climates, intermediate between tropical and polar zones and having distinct warm to hot summer seasons and cool to cold winter seasons. (Source: TOE / DOE)
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Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > écosystčme des zones tempérées
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