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1 Bodenfunktion
функция почвы
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soil function
The main soil function is participation in the material transformation and migrating processes occurring in the natural environment on which the functioning of ecosystems depends. The most active participants in the occurring processes are microorganisms and invertebrates, whose activity, different variety, complex structure, and abundance accurately reflect the soil type and its characteristics: so they are important indicators of ecological stability. The variety of soil organisms determine its self-regulatory and self-cleaning capacity. (Source: NERIS)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Bodenfunktion
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2 Klimawirkung
влияние климата
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climatic effect
Climate has a central influence on many human needs and activities, such as agriculture, housing, human health, water resources, and energy use. The influence of climate on vegetation and soil type is so strong that the earliest climate classification schemes where often based more on these factors than on the meteorological variables. While technology can be used to mitigate the effects of unfavorable climatic conditions, climate fluctuations that result in significant departures from normal cause serious problems for modern industrialized societies as much as for primitive ones. The goals of climatology are to provide a comprehensive description of the Earth's climate, to understand its features in terms of fundamental physical principles, and to develop models of the Earth's climate that will allow the prediction of future changes that may result from natural and human causes. (Source: PARCOR)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Klimawirkung
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3 Bodenfeuchtigkeit
влажность почвогрунта
Содержание воды в почвогрунте.
Примечание
Различают: весовую влажность, которая выражается в процентах от веса абсолютно сухого почвогрунта или в процентах от веса сырого почвогрунта; объемную влажность - количество воды в почвогрунте, выраженное отношением объема воды к объему почвогрунта.
[ ГОСТ 19179-73]Тематики
Обобщающие термины
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влажность почвы
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soil moisture
1) Water stored in soils.
2) One of the most important elements involved in pedological processes and plant growth. There are three basic forms:
a) water adhering in thin films by molecular attraction to the surface of soil particles and not available for plants is termed hygroscopic water.
b) Water forming thicker films and occupying the smaller pore spaces is termed capillary water. Since it is held against the force of gravity it is permanently available for plant growth and it is this type of soil water which contains plant nutrients in solution.
c) Water in excess of hygroscopic and capillary water is termed gravitational water, which is of a transitory nature because it flows away under the influence of gravity. When the excess has drained away the amount of water retained in the soil is termed its field capacity, when some of its pore spaces are still free of water.
(Source: LANDY / DUNSTE)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Bodenfeuchtigkeit
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4 Reinigung durch den Boden
естественная очистка почвы
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purification through the soil
The act or process in which a section of the ground is freed from pollution or any type of contamination, often through natural processes. (Source: RHW)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Reinigung durch den Boden
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5 Grundwassergefährdung
угроза состоянию подземных вод
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groundwater endangering
Threat to the quality and quantity of groundwater by activities related to the use of land. As some activities (e.g. landfill) present a particular risk of pollution, the closer an activity is to a well or borehole, the greater the risk of the pumped water being polluted. The type of soil, the geology, the rainfall and the amount of water pumped out of the ground must all be taken into consideration. (Source: PORTa)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Grundwassergefährdung
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6 Bildungsweg
учебная тропа
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educational path
A guided trail, designed to explain to children a piece of countryside, the type of soil, flora, fauna, etc. Such trails may be self-guiding, using either explanatory notices set up at intervals or numbered boards referring to a printed leaflet: in other cases parties may be led by a demonstrator or warden. (Source: GOOD)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Bildungsweg
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7 Nadelwald
хвойный лес
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coniferous forest
A forest type characterized by cone-bearing, needle-leaved trees. They are generally, but not necessarily, evergreen and relatively shallow-rooted. Since they grow more rapidly than most broad-leaved trees, conifers are extensively planted as a source of softwood timber and pulp. They are tolerant of wide-ranging climatic conditions, of many different types of soil and of considerable differences in terrain. Thus, they are found from the polar latitudes to the tropics, on most types of soils (especially, thin acid soils) and from mountain summits to coastal environments. (Source: WHIT)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Nadelwald
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