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121 проявитель
м. кфт. developer -
122 brake
[breɪk]1. verbto slow down or stop:يكبحHe braked (the car) suddenly.
2. noun( often in plural) a device for doing this:كابح، مكبحHe put on the brake(s).
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123 flush
[flaʃ]1. noun1) a flow of blood to the face, making it red:إحْمِرار، تَوَرُّدA slow flush covered her face.
2) (the device that works) a rush of water which cleans a toilet:تَدَفُّق المياه لغَسْل المِرْحاضa flush toilet.
2. verb1) to become red in the face:يَحْمَر، يَتَوَرَّدShe flushed with embarrassment.
2) to clean by a rush of water:يَغْسِل المِرْحاض، يَسْحَب السيفونto flush a toilet.
3) ( usually with out ) to cause (an animal etc) to leave a hiding place:يُجَفِّل الطَّير من مَخْبَئِهِThe police flushed out the criminal.
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124 brake
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125 flush
1. noun1) (a flow of blood to the face, making it red: A slow flush covered her face.) rougeur2) ((the device that works) a rush of water which cleans a toilet: a flush toilet.) chasse (d'eau)2. verb1) (to become red in the face: She flushed with embarrassment.) rougir2) (to clean by a rush of water: to flush a toilet.) tirer la chasse (d'eau)3) ((usually with out) to cause (an animal etc) to leave a hiding place: The police flushed out the criminal.) débusquer•- flushed- in the first flush of - the first flush of -
126 brake
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127 flush
1. noun1) (a flow of blood to the face, making it red: A slow flush covered her face.) rubor2) ((the device that works) a rush of water which cleans a toilet: a flush toilet.) descarga2. verb1) (to become red in the face: She flushed with embarrassment.) corar2) (to clean by a rush of water: to flush a toilet.) dar descarga3) ((usually with out) to cause (an animal etc) to leave a hiding place: The police flushed out the criminal.) levantar•- flushed- in the first flush of - the first flush of -
128 Flettner, Anton
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 1 November 1885 Eddersheim-am-Main, Germanyd. 29 December 1961 New York, USA[br]German engineer and inventor who produced a practical helicopter for the German navy in 1940.[br]Anton Flettner was an engineer with a great interest in hydraulics and aerodynamics. At the beginning of the First World War Flettner was recruited by Zeppelin to investigate the possibility of radio-controlled airships as guided missiles. In 1915 he constructed a small radio-controlled tank equipped to cut barbed-wire defences; the military experts rejected it, but he was engaged to investigate radio-controlled pilotless aircraft and he invented a servo-control device to assist their control systems. These servo-controls, or trim tabs, were used on large German bombers towards the end of the war. In 1924 he invented a sailing ship powered by rotating cylinders, but although one of these crossed the Atlantic they were never a commercial success. He also invented a windmill and a marine rudder. In the late 1920s Flettner turned his attention to rotating-wing aircraft, and in 1931 he built a helicopter with small engines mounted on the rotor blades. Progress was slow and it was abandoned after being damaged during testing in 1934. An autogiro followed in 1936, but it caught fire on a test flight and was destroyed. Undeterred, Flettner continued his development work on helicopters and in 1937 produced the Fl 185, which had a single rotor to provide lift and two propellers on outriggers to combat the torque and provide forward thrust. This arrangement was not a great success, so he turned to twin contra-rotating rotors, as used by his rival Focke, but broke new ground by using intermeshing rotors to make a more compact machine. The Fl 265 with its "egg-beater" rotors was ordered by the German navy in 1938 and flew the following year. After exhaustive testing, Flettner improved his design and produced the two-seater Fl 282 Kolibri, which flew in 1940 and became the only helicopter to be used operationally during the Second World War.After the war, Flettner moved to the United States where his intermeshing-rotor idea was developed by the Kaman Aircraft Corporation.[br]Bibliography1926, Mein Weg zum Rotor, Leipzig; also published as The Story of the Rotor, New York (describes his early work with rotors—i.e. cylinders).Further ReadingW.Gunston and J.Batchelor, 1977, Helicopters 1900–1960, London.R.N.Liptrot, 1948, Rotating Wing Activities in Germany during the Period 1939–45, London.K.von Gersdorff and K.Knobling, 1982, Hubschrauber und Tragschrauber, Munich (a more recent publication, in German).JDS
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