-
1 single-step statement
"одношаговый" отчет: отчет о доходах, который показывает сумму всех доходов, затем всех расходов и потерь и чистую разницу между ними с поправками на прибыль от прекращенных потерь и чрезвычайные статьи. -
2 single-step income statement
1) учет одношаговый отчет о прибылях и убытках (отчет о прибылях и убытках, в котором показатель прибыли рассчитывается в один шаг — вычитанием общей суммы расходов из общей суммы доходов)Syn:Ant:See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > single-step income statement
-
3 single-step format
учет одношаговый формат* (структура отчета о прибылях и убытках, подразумевающая расчет общего размера доходов, общего размера расходов и итогового показателя чистой прибыли)Ant:See: -
4 single-step debugging
debugging statement — оператор отладки; отладочный оператор
-
5 single-step income statement
Бухгалтерия: одношаговый отчёт о прибылях и убыткахУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > single-step income statement
-
6 profit and loss statement
Finthe summary record of a company’s sales revenues and expenses over a period, providing a calculation of profits or losses during that time.Abbr. P&LEXAMPLECompanies typically issue P&L reports monthly. It is customary for the reports to include year-to-date figures, as well as corresponding year-earlier figures to allow for comparisons and analysis.There are two P&L formats, multiple-step and single-step. Both follow a standard set of rules known as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). These rules generally adhere to requirements established by governments to track receipts, expenses, and profits for tax purposes. They also allow the financial reports of two different companies to be compared.The multiple-step format is much more common, because it includes a larger number of details and is thus more useful. It deducts costs from revenues in a series of steps, allowing for closer analysis. Revenues appear first, then expenses, each in as much detail as management desires. Sales may be broken down by product line or location, while expenses such as salaries may be broken down into base salaries and commissions.Expenses are then subtracted from revenues to show profit (or loss). A basic multiple-step P&L looks like this:P&Ls of public companies may also report income on the basis of earnings per share. For example, if the company issuing this statement had 12,000 shares outstanding, earnings per share would be $5.12, that is, $61,440 divided by 12,000 shares.The ultimate business dictionary > profit and loss statement
-
7 unclassified income statement
учет неклассифицированный отчет о прибылях и убытках* (содержит только два раздела: доходы и расходы)Syn:Ant:See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > unclassified income statement
-
8 profit and loss account
Finthe summary record of a company’s sales revenues and expenses over a period, providing a calculation of profits or losses during that time.Abbr. P&LEXAMPLECompanies typically issue P&L reports monthly. It is customary for the reports to include year-to-date figures, as well as corresponding year-earlier figures to allow for comparisons and analysis.There are two P&L formats, multiple-step and single-step. Both follow a standard set of rules known as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). These rules generally adhere to requirements established by governments to track receipts, expenses, and profits for tax purposes. They also allow the financial reports of two different companies to be compared.The multiple-step format is much more common, because it includes a larger number of details and is thus more useful. It deducts costs from revenues in a series of steps, allowing for closer analysis. Revenues appear first, then expenses, each in as much detail as management desires. Sales may be broken down by product line or location, while expenses such as salaries may be broken down into base salaries and commissions.Expenses are then subtracted from revenues to show profit (or loss). A basic multiple-step P&L looks like this:P&Ls of public companies may also report income on the basis of earnings per share. For example, if the company issuing this statement had 12,000 shares outstanding, earnings per share would be $5.12, that is, $61,440 divided by 12,000 shares. -
9 form
1. n1) форма2) вид, форма3) бланк, форма, образец; анкета4) pl оправдательные документы
- account form
- accounting form
- advice of dispatch form
- application form
- assignment form
- bank form
- bill of exchange form
- bill of lading form
- blank form
- business form
- business letter form
- cable form
- charter form
- charter-party form
- cheque form
- claims form
- clean form
- C.O.D. form
- commodity form
- contract form
- customs declaration form
- declaration form
- document form
- documentary bill lodgement form
- draft form
- electronic form of accounting
- entry form
- equivalent form of commodity
- equivalent form of value
- expanded form of value
- express parcel form
- extended form
- filled-in form
- filled-out form
- filled-up form
- financial statement form
- giro inpayment form
- indent form
- inpayment form
- inquiry form
- journal-order form of accounting
- ledger account form
- legal form of a firm
- letter form
- liquid form
- liquid assets form
- money order form
- multistep form
- order form
- order confirmation form
- ordering form
- organizational forms
- parcel form
- patent form
- payment order form
- plant-record-unit form
- postal order form
- preauthorized direct debit form for electronic funds transfer
- preregistration form
- printed form
- printed order form
- receipt form
- registration form
- repair request form
- report form
- requisition form
- short form
- simple commodity form
- single-step form
- standard form
- standard form of a contract
- statutory form
- tabular form
- tax form
- tax assessment form
- telegraph form
- transfer form
- validated form
- value form
- waiver form
- form of an account
- form of action
- form of a balance sheet
- form of capital
- form of a claim
- form of a contract
- form of cooperation
- form of currency bonds
- form of documents
- form of entity
- forms of entrepreneurial entities
- form of financing
- form of incorporation
- form of management
- form of ownership
- form of ownership of capital
- form of payment
- form of property ownership
- form of security for a claim
- form of value
- in due form
- in due form of law
- in written form
- complete a form
- determine the form of security for a claim
- fill in a form2. vорганизовывать; создавать, учреждать
- form a company
- form a consortium
- form a syndicate
- form contacts -
10 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
-
11 line
[laɪn]n1) строка, строчка, линейкаThe pen moved on down to the next line. — Перо двигалось дальше к следующей строчке.
There isn't a dull line in the whole play. — Во всей пьесе нет ни одной скучной строки.
The article (the paragraph) was cut down to two or three lines. — Статья была сокращена (параграф был сокращен) до двух-трех строчек.
- top line- few lines
- witty lines
- line ten
- line frequency
- line test
- line spectrum
- second line from the top
- line three from the top of the page
- line of print
- line of a poem
- line of symbols
- page of twenty five lines
- above the line
- crowd many facts into a few lines
- drop smb a few lines
- expect a line from him
- jump a line
- jump from one line to another
- keep in line
- miss out a line
- read between the lines
- read every line
- run out a line into the margin
- set these lines in a smaller type2) линия, черта, очертание, стильThe two lines meet/join here. — Две линии здесь сходятся.
The old woman's face was covered with lines. — Лицо старушки было в морщинах.
She was fined for parking on a single yellow line. — Ее оштрафовали за то, что она оставила машину на желтой полосе.
The building has strong, noble lines. — Здание выдержано в строгом, благородном стиле/в строгих, благородных линиях.
- contour line- straight line
- broken line
- horisontal line
- curving lines
- dividing line
- divergent lines
- white line
- double yellow line
- soft lines
- pencil line
- forward line
- finish line
- foul line
- side line
- sharpened lines
- base line
- state line
- city line
- fight lines
- assemble line
- pipe lines
- sewage lines
- plumb line
- clogged fuel line
- straight lines of her dress
- hard savaged lines of his mouth
- line of sight
- lines of the hand
- line of life
- lines in a rock
- lines in the face
- lines of premature age
- remote line of the sea
- line of the mountains
- blue line of the horizon
- hand covered with fine dry lines
- beauty of line in an artist's work
- on goal line
- be the first over the line
- draw a line from A to B
- draw two lines along the margin
- draw a line with a ruler
- make a line
- mark with lines
- run a line on the map3) ряд, очередь, цепь, строй, шеренгаThere were two lines at the box office. — В кассу за билетами было две очереди.
The children were all in line. — Дети выстроились в ряд.
He got first in line. — Он оказался первым в очереди.
There was a long line of cars ahead of us. — Перед нами была вереница машин.
The lines of the enemy gave way. — Ряды противника дрогнули.
- piket line- two lines abreast
- line troops
- line battalion
- line training
- line of trees
- line of policemen
- line of mountains
- line of workers on strike
- prestigeous line of authors
- lines of infantry
- line between these countries
- line of demarkation
- line of defence
- line of march of an army
- line of advance
- line of retreat
- line of aim
- line of fire
- line of battle
- line of departure
- line of contact
- officers of the line
- ships of the line
- in the line of duty
- at the beginning of the line
- arrange smth in a line
- be the first in the line
- drop out of line
- go into line
- be in the front line
- be next in line for promotion
- be in line for action
- break up a picket line
- form into a line
- go up the line
- lay smth out in a line
- march in line
- plant trees in a line
- see whether the wheels are in line
- stand in line for smth
- stand in one line
- step out of line
- suffer defeat all along the line
- have seven men in the line4) линия родства, родословнаяHe is the last of the royal line. — Он последний представитель королевского рода.
He decend in an unbroken line from Bruce. — Он прямой потомок Брюса.
- male line- decendent in a direct line
- come of a good line
- inheritance will go on the female line5) линия связиHe is on the line now. — Он сейчас говорит по телефону. /Он сейчас на линии.
They took the wrong line on the underground. — Они сели не на ту линию метро.
The tickets are sold at all points on the line. — Билеты продаются на всех пунктах линии.
There was silence on the other end of the line. Then her voice came back on the line. — На том конце телефон замолчал, затем на линии опять зазвучал ее голос.
- telephone line- main line
- local line
- single line
- communication lines
- air line
- branch line
- commuter line
- municipal bus line
- outside line
- long-distance line
- fallen power line
- line communication
- line maintenance
- supply lines to enemy formations
- line of force
- last stop on the local bus line
- all along the line
- somewhere along the line
- be on a party line
- do repairs to the lines
- fall from the platform onto the lines
- instal telephone lines in the neighbourhood
- open a new steamship line
- run a line of mail boats
- tie up the bus lines- line is engaged- line has gone dead6) верёвка, канат, провод, леса (удочки)Is your line strong enough to hol (to land) a ten-pound fish? — Ваше леска достаточно крепка, чтобы выдержать (вытянуть) пятикилограммовую рыбу?
- thin line- clothes line
- wire lines
- harpoon lines
- fish line
- end of the line
- hang the laundry on the line
- tie in a slack line
- tie a fish line to a fishing-rod
- line broke7) текст роли, слова ролиThe books are written along the same line. — Эти книги одного плана. /Эти книги написаны в одном и том же стиле.
You have dealt with the subject on the right lines, but your essay is lacking in detail. — Вы правильно подошли к вопросу, но в вашем очерке не хватает подробностей.
In spite of these gaps the broad line of the story remains clear. — Несмотря на эти пропуски, основной сюжет рассказа остается ясным.
- actor's lines- main line of the story
- just a few lines to tell you we are here
- go over one's lines
- learn one's lines8) тенденция, принцип, направление, курс, область деятельностиHe managed to keep the whole party in line. — Ему удалось поддерживать единство всей группы.
You need very strict directions to keep you in line. — Вам нужны очень точные указания, чтобы не сбиться с пути.
- policy lineIt all happened along the line. — Это все произошло на пути/во время пути.
- old propoganda line
- party line
- main line of the plan
- main line of the situation
- something along those lines
- rice pudding or something in that line
- men in the same line
- pay on the line
- on commercial line
- agree with smb's statement down the line
- be on a line with smth
- be successful all along the line
- be in the grocery line
- be in line with the statement
- be on line
- come on line
- be in line
- bring the theory in line with the facts
- change the line of conduct
- come into line with the majority
- do smth on scientific lines
- govern on conservative lines
- increase people's incomes in line with rising prices
- keep in line with the rules
- keep in line with the terms of the agreement
- keep smth on top line
- live below the poverty line
- pass instruction down the line
- reach the end of the line
- get to the end of the line
- set up a commitee on the following
- take a strong line over smth
- follow a strong line over smth
- throw a good line
- one's job is on the line
- paying on the line is cheaper than on credit
- try to bring the whole commitee into line
- population is split along religious lines
- conversation ran along familiar lines
- target was in line with the sun•USAGE: -
12 model
1) макет; модель || моделировать2) образец4) модель, тип ( изделия)5) шаблон•- countably saturated model - countably uniform model - coupled channels model - finite state model - finitely generated model - game-theory model - random trial increment model - random walk model - sampling model -
13 policy
I сущ.общ. политика, курс, стратегия [методика, линия\] поведения [действия\] (совокупность принципов, направлений и способов деятельности в определенной области)policy of neutrality, neutrality policy — политика нейтралитета
policy of appeasement, appeasement policy — политика умиротворения
near-optimal policy — политика, близкая к оптимальной
short-sighted [myopic\] policy — недальновидная [близорукая\] политика
subtle policy — тонкая [умная\] политика
prudent policy — разумная [предусмотрительная\] политика
cautious policy — осторожная [осмотрительная\] политика
clear-cut [clear\] policy — четкая [ясная\] политика
rigid policy — твердая [жесткая\] политика
sound [wise\] policy — здравая [мудрая\] политика
long-run [long-range\] policy — долгосрочная политика, политика дальнего прицела
consistent policy — последовательная [неизменная\] политика
deliberate policy — обдуманная [взвешенная\] политика
moderate policy — умеренная [сдержанная\] политика
to carry out [to conduct, to operate\] a policy — проводить политику
to implement a policy — осуществлять [проводить\] политику
to effect a policy — осуществлять [реализовать\] политику
to set [to set down\] a policy — устанавливать политику
to form [shape\] a policy — вырабатывать политику
to reverse a policy — резко [круто\] изменить политику
to adhere to [to follow, to pursue\] a policy — следовать политике, придерживаться политики, проводить политику
to ease [to relax\] policy — ослаблять [смягчать\] политику
easing [relaxation, ease\] of policy — ослабление [смягчение\] политики
policy tool — средство проведения политики, орудие [инструмент\] политики
policy manual — руководство, инструкция
policy objective — цель [задача\] политики
two-track [twin\] policy — двойственная политика
government policy on wages [wages policy\] — государственная политика в области оплаты труда
information policy — информационная политика, политика в области информации
language policy — языковая политика, политика в области [в отношении\] языка
export policy — экспортная политика, политика в области экспорта
import policy — импортная политика, политика в области импорта
education policy, educational policy — образовательная политика, политика в области образования
science policy — научная политика, политика в области науки
fishery policy, fisheries policy — политика рыболовства, политика в области рыболовства, рыболовная политика
privacy policy — политика конфиденциальности, политика (в отношении) конфиденциальности личной [частной\] информации
Our policy is to submit all contracts to the legal department. — Мы придерживаемся политики предоставления всех контрактов на изучение в юридический отдел.
It is not the normal policy of the council to give grants for more than three years. — Выдавать гранты более чем на три года не в правилах совета.
The government made a policy statement [a statement of policy\]. — Правительство сделало программное заявление.
for reasons of policy — по политическим соображениям, по соображениям политики
The first step in ensuring your computer security is up to scratch is to write a security policy. — Первый шаг на пути обеспечения поддержания вашей компьютерной безопасности на должном уровне — разработка политики безопасности.
See:agricultural policy, anti-inflationary policy, antitrust policy, beggar-thy-neighbour policy, benign neglect policy, budgetary policy, business policy, commercial policy 1), competition policy, consumer policy, corporate social policy, countercyclical policy, credit policy, currency policy, customs policy, demographic policy, discount policy, economic policy, employment policy, environmental policy, exchange policy, exchange rate policy, fiscal policy, foreign policy, foreign exchange policy ! foreign trade policy, good neighbour policy, home policy, incomes policy, industrial policy, inflationary policy, investment policy, monetary policy, open-door policy, open market policy, organizational policy, policy of continuity, policy of drift, policy of obstruction, population policy, procurement policy, social policy, stocking policy, tax policy, trade policy, wages policy, wholesale policy, policy committee, policy departure, policy economics, policy maker, policymaker, policy reversal, politics, technique, procedureII сущ.страх. (страховой) полис (документ, который выдается страховщиком страхователю в подтверждение заключения договора страхования; содержит условия страхования; служит юридическим доказательством заключения договора страхования)to issue [write up, write\] a policy — выдавать [выписывать\] полис
to take out a policy — получить [приобрести\] полис, застраховаться
to effect a policy — застраховаться, приобрести полис
to carry a policy — иметь (страховой) полис, быть застрахованным
to purchase [to buy\] a policy — покупать полис
to obtain [get\] a policy — приобрести полис
to terminate a policy — прекратить действие полиса, аннулировать полис
termination of a policy — прекращение действия [аннулирование\] полиса
to void a policy — признавать полис недействительным, аннулировать полис
to keep a policy in force — поддерживать полис в силе, сохранять действие полиса
This policy covers the cost of injury or damage caused by another driver who is not insured. — Этот полис покрывает [страхует, распространяется на\] расходы, связанные с травмой или ущербом, причиненным незастрахованным водителем. [Этот полис предоставляет страховую защиту от расходов, связанных с травмой или ущербом, причиненным незастрахованным водителем.\]
This portion of the policy covers you in the event a claim or lawsuit is brought against you for bodily injury or property damage as the result of an accident or event occurring on your property. — Эта часть полиса предоставляет вам страховую защиту в случае [страхует вас на случай\] подачи жалобы или иска против вас в связи с нанесением телесных повреждений или имущественного ущерба в результате несчастного случая или иного события, произошедшего на территории вашего владения.
to be covered by a policy — покрываться [охватывается, страховаться\] полисом
$500000 insurance policy, insurance policy of $500000 — страховой полис на сумму $500000
policy amount, amount of a policy — сумма полиса
a policy expires, a policy lapses, a policy matures — срок действия полиса истекает
expired [lapsed, matured\] policy — истекший [прекративший действие\] полис
policy endorsement, endorsement to a policy, policy rider, rider to a policy — приложение [дополнение\] к полису
Syn:See:cargo policy, commercial policy 2), tenant's policy, accident policy, annual policy, annuity policy, assessable policy, automobile liability policy, blanket policy, business auto policy, business owners policy, cancellable policy, claims-made policy, combination policy, commercial package policy, convertible policy, dental policy, endowment policy, equity-linked policy, fire policy, floating policy, general liability policy, group policy, homeowner's policy, individual policy, joint policy, life insurance policy, long-term policy, master policy, non-assessable policy, noncancellable policy, non-participating policy, non-qualifying policy, non-tax-qualified policy, occurrence policy, open policy, package policy, paid-up policy, participating policy, partnership policy, personal auto policy, professional liability policy, rated policy, qualifying policy, renewable policy, single premium policy, short-term policy, surplus lines policy, survivorship policy, tax-qualified policy, unit-linked policy, valued policy, certificate of insurance, insurance contract, cover note, policyholder, insurance, assurance, insurance identification card, insurer, insured, insurance money, insured event, insured loss, insurance claim, insurance period, insurance premium, declarations section, coverage part, exclusion, rider
* * *
страховой полис; = insurance policy.* * *. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *см. agreement -
14 Language
Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)[A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling itSolving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into anotherLANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own LanguageThe forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)[It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human InteractionLanguage cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language
-
15 function
1) функция, назначение || функционировать, действовать2) матем. функция•- abnormal function
- access function
- additive function
- address function
- adherence function
- aggregate function
- analog function
- AND function
- AND-to-OR function
- antihyperbolic function
- antitrigonometric function
- arbitrary Boolean function
- arc hyperbolic function
- arc trigonometric function
- array element successor function
- assumed function
- autocorrelation function
- band-limited function
- basis function
- belief function
- blending function
- Boolean function
- buffer function
- built-in function
- characteristic function
- circuit function
- closed function
- collate function
- completely defined function
- composite function
- computable function
- computer function
- concave function
- continuous function
- control function
- convex function
- correlation function
- course-of-value function
- criterion function
- cross-correlation function
- curried function
- dagger function
- damped function
- decision function
- decreasing function
- degate function
- delta function
- demand function
- describing function
- difference function
- discrete finite-valued function
- distribution function
- driving function
- EITHER-OR function
- elliptic function
- entire function
- entire rational function
- entity-to-entity function
- enumerative function
- error function
- essential functions
- evaluation function
- even function
- except function
- exclusive OR function
- executive function
- explicit function
- exponential function
- exponent function
- exponentially decreasing function
- external function
- failure density function
- failure rate function
- feedback function
- finite discrete-valued function
- finite-valued function
- fitted function
- frequency function
- general function
- generalized function
- generating function
- generic function
- hashing function
- hash function
- ill-behaved function
- ill-defined function
- illegal function
- implicit function
- inclusive OR function
- infinite-valued function
- infrared function
- inhibit function
- internal function
- intrinsic function
- inverse function
- joint distribution function
- jump function
- key function
- K-out-of-N function
- library function
- list function
- logical function
- logic function
- logical addition function
- logical multiplication function
- logistic function
- majority function
- membership function
- merit function
- mixed-radix function
- moment-generating function
- morphic Boolean function
- morphic function
- multioutput function
- multiple-valued function
- noncomputable function
- normal function
- NOT function
- nullary function
- objective function
- odd function
- one-valued function
- onto function
- open function
- OR function
- OR-ELSE function
- output function
- partial function
- payoff function
- Peirce function
- penalty function
- piece linear function
- piece regular function
- piecewise continuous function
- positive definite function
- power function
- predefined function
- primitive function
- processing function
- propositional function
- ramp function
- random function
- ranking function
- reckonable function
- recursive function
- remainder function
- response function
- risk function
- safety-related function
- scalar function
- service function
- Sheffer stroke function
- Sheffer function
- shifting function
- shuffle function
- signal function
- signum function
- single-output function
- single-valued function
- smoothed function
- spectral function
- staircase function
- standard function
- statement function
- step function
- storage function
- strictly increasing function
- successor function
- support function
- switching function
- syntactic function
- table function
- testing function
- threshold function
- transfer function
- transition function
- traversal function
- unate function
- unit-impulse function
- universal function
- utility function
- vector function
- weight function
- weighted sum objective function
- weighting functionEnglish-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > function
-
16 SL
1) Общая лексика: single line diagrams, Second Life ( virtual alternative universe)2) Компьютерная техника: Source Statement Library3) Американизм: State Library4) Спорт: Sport Light, Sporting Lisbon, Starting Line5) Латинский язык: Sine Loco6) Военный термин: Sea Launch, Security Level, Sensitivity Level, Silenced Liberators, Slow Loader, Sniper Lords, Staged Loading, Steel And Lead, Strategic Logistics, System Layer, safety level, safety limit, sea landing, second lieutenant, section leader, service letter, shelf life, ship-launched, shoulder-launched, signal level, skill level, sound locator, squad leader, squadron, squadron leader, start line, stick leave, stock level, stock list, storage location, structures laboratory, sub-lieutenant, supplementary list, supplier letter, support line, surface launch7) Техника: Self Locking, Subscriber's Lines, satellite link, satellite-borne laser, semiclassical linearization theory, shrinkage limit, slew rate, slightly soluble, space laser, square-law, stationary low, straight-line depreciation8) Шутливое выражение: Spirit Lady9) Химия: Short Lived, ВК ( водорастворимый концентрат) (название препаративной формы согласно коду GIFAP)10) Математика: символическая логика (symbolic logic)11) Религия: Satan's Lovers12) Железнодорожный термин: Salt Lake City Southern Railroad, Short Line13) Фармакология: под язык14) Грубое выражение: Sexy Lady, Sexy Lookin, Slow Loser, Sucker Love15) Политика: Sierra Leone16) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Slovenia), Salvage Loss, Slovenian, Slovenian/Slovene, Soft Landing, Source Level, Space Launch, Space Launcher, SpaceLab, Streamlined (boat-tailed), safe locker, sand-loaded, sea level, slide, sliding, south latitude, sublingual17) Университет: Student Life, Student Loan, Swift Lecture18) Физика: Super Lattice19) Физиология: Sensation Level, Sensory Level20) Электроника: Specification Limit21) Вычислительная техника: Space Launch (Space), SpaceLab (Space)22) Нефть: liquid saturation, section line, sonic log, south line23) Транспорт: Same Lane, Spoiler Lover, Sport Luxury, Steam Locomotive, Superstar Limo24) Холодильная техника: suction line25) Экология: sea level observations26) СМИ: Scottish Lass, Small Letters, Spot Light27) Деловая лексика: Sold28) Бурение: южная граница (south line), южная линия (south line)29) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: scattering layer30) Образование: Supervised Learning31) Полимеры: space laboratory, straight line32) Программирование: Save Layout, Short Length, Source Language, Speak Language33) Сахалин Ю: steam low, steam low pressure (3-5 bar)34) Химическое оружие: site location35) Авиационная медицина: sluggishness36) Расширение файла: S-Lang language source code file37) SAP.тех. системный журнал38) Нефть и газ: scale low limit, seal liquid, seismic log, AL39) Алюминиевая промышленность: spent liquor40) Электротехника: separately leaded, stability limit41) Фантастика Sith Lord42) Должность: Service Learning, Skill Less, Software Laborer43) Чат: Scots Lass44) NYSE. S L Industries, Inc.45) Программное обеспечение: Second Life, Standard Library, System Library46) Единицы измерений: Step Length -
17 Sl
1) Общая лексика: single line diagrams, Second Life ( virtual alternative universe)2) Компьютерная техника: Source Statement Library3) Американизм: State Library4) Спорт: Sport Light, Sporting Lisbon, Starting Line5) Латинский язык: Sine Loco6) Военный термин: Sea Launch, Security Level, Sensitivity Level, Silenced Liberators, Slow Loader, Sniper Lords, Staged Loading, Steel And Lead, Strategic Logistics, System Layer, safety level, safety limit, sea landing, second lieutenant, section leader, service letter, shelf life, ship-launched, shoulder-launched, signal level, skill level, sound locator, squad leader, squadron, squadron leader, start line, stick leave, stock level, stock list, storage location, structures laboratory, sub-lieutenant, supplementary list, supplier letter, support line, surface launch7) Техника: Self Locking, Subscriber's Lines, satellite link, satellite-borne laser, semiclassical linearization theory, shrinkage limit, slew rate, slightly soluble, space laser, square-law, stationary low, straight-line depreciation8) Шутливое выражение: Spirit Lady9) Химия: Short Lived, ВК ( водорастворимый концентрат) (название препаративной формы согласно коду GIFAP)10) Математика: символическая логика (symbolic logic)11) Религия: Satan's Lovers12) Железнодорожный термин: Salt Lake City Southern Railroad, Short Line13) Фармакология: под язык14) Грубое выражение: Sexy Lady, Sexy Lookin, Slow Loser, Sucker Love15) Политика: Sierra Leone16) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Slovenia), Salvage Loss, Slovenian, Slovenian/Slovene, Soft Landing, Source Level, Space Launch, Space Launcher, SpaceLab, Streamlined (boat-tailed), safe locker, sand-loaded, sea level, slide, sliding, south latitude, sublingual17) Университет: Student Life, Student Loan, Swift Lecture18) Физика: Super Lattice19) Физиология: Sensation Level, Sensory Level20) Электроника: Specification Limit21) Вычислительная техника: Space Launch (Space), SpaceLab (Space)22) Нефть: liquid saturation, section line, sonic log, south line23) Транспорт: Same Lane, Spoiler Lover, Sport Luxury, Steam Locomotive, Superstar Limo24) Холодильная техника: suction line25) Экология: sea level observations26) СМИ: Scottish Lass, Small Letters, Spot Light27) Деловая лексика: Sold28) Бурение: южная граница (south line), южная линия (south line)29) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: scattering layer30) Образование: Supervised Learning31) Полимеры: space laboratory, straight line32) Программирование: Save Layout, Short Length, Source Language, Speak Language33) Сахалин Ю: steam low, steam low pressure (3-5 bar)34) Химическое оружие: site location35) Авиационная медицина: sluggishness36) Расширение файла: S-Lang language source code file37) SAP.тех. системный журнал38) Нефть и газ: scale low limit, seal liquid, seismic log, AL39) Алюминиевая промышленность: spent liquor40) Электротехника: separately leaded, stability limit41) Фантастика Sith Lord42) Должность: Service Learning, Skill Less, Software Laborer43) Чат: Scots Lass44) NYSE. S L Industries, Inc.45) Программное обеспечение: Second Life, Standard Library, System Library46) Единицы измерений: Step Length -
18 sl
1) Общая лексика: single line diagrams, Second Life ( virtual alternative universe)2) Компьютерная техника: Source Statement Library3) Американизм: State Library4) Спорт: Sport Light, Sporting Lisbon, Starting Line5) Латинский язык: Sine Loco6) Военный термин: Sea Launch, Security Level, Sensitivity Level, Silenced Liberators, Slow Loader, Sniper Lords, Staged Loading, Steel And Lead, Strategic Logistics, System Layer, safety level, safety limit, sea landing, second lieutenant, section leader, service letter, shelf life, ship-launched, shoulder-launched, signal level, skill level, sound locator, squad leader, squadron, squadron leader, start line, stick leave, stock level, stock list, storage location, structures laboratory, sub-lieutenant, supplementary list, supplier letter, support line, surface launch7) Техника: Self Locking, Subscriber's Lines, satellite link, satellite-borne laser, semiclassical linearization theory, shrinkage limit, slew rate, slightly soluble, space laser, square-law, stationary low, straight-line depreciation8) Шутливое выражение: Spirit Lady9) Химия: Short Lived, ВК ( водорастворимый концентрат) (название препаративной формы согласно коду GIFAP)10) Математика: символическая логика (symbolic logic)11) Религия: Satan's Lovers12) Железнодорожный термин: Salt Lake City Southern Railroad, Short Line13) Фармакология: под язык14) Грубое выражение: Sexy Lady, Sexy Lookin, Slow Loser, Sucker Love15) Политика: Sierra Leone16) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Slovenia), Salvage Loss, Slovenian, Slovenian/Slovene, Soft Landing, Source Level, Space Launch, Space Launcher, SpaceLab, Streamlined (boat-tailed), safe locker, sand-loaded, sea level, slide, sliding, south latitude, sublingual17) Университет: Student Life, Student Loan, Swift Lecture18) Физика: Super Lattice19) Физиология: Sensation Level, Sensory Level20) Электроника: Specification Limit21) Вычислительная техника: Space Launch (Space), SpaceLab (Space)22) Нефть: liquid saturation, section line, sonic log, south line23) Транспорт: Same Lane, Spoiler Lover, Sport Luxury, Steam Locomotive, Superstar Limo24) Холодильная техника: suction line25) Экология: sea level observations26) СМИ: Scottish Lass, Small Letters, Spot Light27) Деловая лексика: Sold28) Бурение: южная граница (south line), южная линия (south line)29) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: scattering layer30) Образование: Supervised Learning31) Полимеры: space laboratory, straight line32) Программирование: Save Layout, Short Length, Source Language, Speak Language33) Сахалин Ю: steam low, steam low pressure (3-5 bar)34) Химическое оружие: site location35) Авиационная медицина: sluggishness36) Расширение файла: S-Lang language source code file37) SAP.тех. системный журнал38) Нефть и газ: scale low limit, seal liquid, seismic log, AL39) Алюминиевая промышленность: spent liquor40) Электротехника: separately leaded, stability limit41) Фантастика Sith Lord42) Должность: Service Learning, Skill Less, Software Laborer43) Чат: Scots Lass44) NYSE. S L Industries, Inc.45) Программное обеспечение: Second Life, Standard Library, System Library46) Единицы измерений: Step Length -
19 budget
(bdgt)n фін., бухг. бюджет; кошторис; план координації ресурсів; a бюджетний; кошториснийплан майбутнього фінансування діяльності підприємства, організації, установи і т. ін., в якому передбачаються їхні доходи (income¹) і видатки (expenditure²) на певний період часу; ♦ бувають різні види бюджетів: касовий (cash budget:: cash-flow budget:: cash-flow forecast), в якому відтворюються надходження та витрати готівкою; фінансовий (financial budget), в якому відтворюються капітальні витрати (capital expenditure) та готівкові надходження і витрати, що спільно з бюджетом поточних витрат (operational budget) становлять загальний фінансовий бюджет (master budget:: comprehensive budget), і т. ін.═════════■═════════ad budget бюджет реклами • кошторис витрат на рекламу; administrative budget адміністративний фінансовий кошторис; advertising budget рекламний бюджет • кошторис асигнування на рекламу • кошторис витрат на рекламу; advertising and promotion budget кошторис витрат на рекламу і просування; annual budget річний бюджет; approved budget схвалений бюджет; average budget середній бюджет; balanced budget збалансований бюджет; capital budget; capital assets budget бюджет капіталовкладень • бюджет основного капіталу • кошторис основних грошових засобів; capital expenditure budget; cash budget; cash flow budget; complete budget загальний фінансовий кошторис • загальний сукупний фінансовий бюджет; comprehensive budget; consolidated budget консолідований бюджет • зведений бюджет; consumer budget споживацький бюджет; continuous budget; current budget поточні статті доходів і видатків бюджету; defense budget асигнування на оборону • державні витрати на військові потреби; deficit-free budget бездефіцитний бюджет; department budget бюджет департаменту • бюджет відділу • фінансовий кошторис міністерства • фінансовий кошторис установи • цеховий кошторис • цеховий фінансовий план; direct labour budget кошторис прямих витрат на оплату робочої сили • кошторис прямих витрат на оплату праці; direct materials budget кошторис прямих витрат на основні матеріали; double budget подвійний бюджет; draft budget проект бюджету; expense budget кошторис витрат; extraordinary budget незвичайний бюджет; factory overhead budget кошторис загальнофабричних накладних витрат; family budget родинний бюджет • сімейний бюджет; federal budget федеральний бюджет; financial budget; fixed budget твердий кошторис; fixed assets budget бюджет капіталовкладень • бюджет основного капіталу • кошторис основних грошових засобів; flexible budget гнучка виробнича програма-кошторис • гнучкий кошторис • гнучкий план; forecast budget кошторисні пропозиції • перспективний кошторис; government budget державний бюджет; household budget бюджет домогосподарства; labour budget кошторис по праці; local budget місцевий бюджет; long-range budget довгостроковий план; manpower budget перспективний план підготовки і використання робочої сили; manufacturing overhead budget кошторис фабрично-заводських накладних витрат • кошторис цехових накладних витрат; marketing budget бюджет маркетингу • кошторис витрат на маркетинг; master budget; materials budget кошторис витрат на придбання матеріалів; mini budget міні-бюджет; multiple budget багатоступеневий план • перспективний ковзний бюджет; municipal budget муніципальний бюджет; national budget державний бюджет; national advertising budget кошторис на загальнонаціональну рекламу • загальнонаціональні витрати на рекламу; national income accounts budget бюджет, обрахований за статистикою національного доходу; nation's economic budget економічний бюджет країни; operating budget; ordinary budget звичайний бюджет; overhead budget кошторис накладних витрат • кошторис накладних видатків • фінансовий план накладних витрат; partial budget частковий фінансовий кошторис; performance budget функціональний кошторис • функціональний фінансовий кошторис; perpetual budget; physical budget кошторис, упорядкований за стандартом • кошторис в натуральних одиницях • кошторис в натуральному обрахуванні; production budget виробничий план; program budget кошторис витрат цільового призначення • кошторис фінансування програми • кошторис цільової програми; project budget кошторис витрат на проект; promotion budget кошторис витрат на стимулювання попиту • сума асигнувань на стимулювання попиту; proposed budget пропонований бюджет; publicity budget кошторис представницьких витрат • кошторис витрат на популяризацію; purchase budget кошторис витрат на закупівлю • кошторис витрат на придбання; regulatory budget бюджет діяльності федерального уряду на регулювання економіки; research budget кошторис асигнувань на дослідження; rolling forward budget; sales budget програма збуту • план збуту • бюджет на збут; sales promotion budget кошторис витрат на стимулювання збуту; single-service budget бюджет, який передбачає один вид асигнувань; sliding-scale budget гнучка програма-кошторис • гнучка виробнича програма-кошторис • гнучкий кошторис • гнучкий план; state budget державний бюджет • бюджет штату • бюджет регіону; static budget твердий план • фіксований кошторис; step budget багатоступеневий державний бюджет; supplementary budget додатковий бюджет; supporting budget допоміжний кошторис; surplus budget бюджет, в якому доходи перевищують видатки; tight budget напружений бюджет; total budget загальний бюджет • генеральний бюджет; training budget кошторис на навчання; transitional budget перехідний бюджет; travel budget кошторис на відрядження; unbalanced budget незбалансований бюджет; unified budget уніфікований бюджет; variable budget гнучкий кошторис • гнучкий план; voted budget затверджений бюджет; zero base budget бюджет на нульовій основі═════════□═════════budget account бюджетний рахунок • рахунок споживацького кредиту • родинний рахунок; budget assumption бюджетна передумова; budget ceiling максимальний розмір бюджету; budget constraint бюджетне обмеження • обмеження на величину капіталовкладень; budget contribution відрахування в бюджет; budget control кошторисна методика контролю; budget controller бюджетний контролер; budget costs бюджетні витрати; budget cutback зменшення бюджету; budget deficit дефіцит бюджету • перевищення урядових видатків над доходами • бюджетний дефіцит; budget department бюджетний відділ; budget division бюджетний відділ; budget estimate оцінка бюджету • підрахунок бюджету; budget estimates бюджетні припущення; budget evaluation обрахування бюджету; budget line рядок бюджету • курс бюджету; budget management контроль і регулювання бюджету; budget manager керівник бюджетного відділу; budget of expenditure кошторис витрат; budget of profit and loss кошторис прибутків і збитків; budget of volume and expenditure виробнича програма і кошторис витрат • план виробництва і витрат; budget on accruals basis бюджет на основі нагромаджень; budget proposal бюджетна пропозиція; budget restraint межа споживчого бюджету; budget set множина можливостей споживача; budget simulation моделювання бюджету; budget statement проект бюджету; budget surplus бюджетний надлишок • перевищення доходів над витратами • актив бюджету; to approve the budget затверджувати/затвердити бюджет • ухвалювати/ухвалити бюджет; to balance the budget збалансувати бюджет • ліквідувати дефіцит бюджету; to bring in the budget подавати/подати бюджет • подавати/подати на розгляд проект бюджету; to cut the budget зменшувати/зменшити бюджет; to decrease the budget зменшувати/зменшити бюджет; to do a budget готувати/підготувати бюджет; to draw up the budget укладати/укласти бюджет • готувати/підготувати бюджет; to increase the budget збільшувати/збільшити бюджет; to pass the budget затверджувати/затвердити бюджет; to plan a budget укладати/укласти план бюджету; to prepare the budget готувати/підготувати бюджет; to present the budget подавати/подати проект бюджету на розгляд; to reduce a budget зменшувати/зменшити бюджет; to set a budget визначати/визначити розмір бюджету; to submit the budget представляти/представити бюджет • подавати/подати на розгляд проект бюджету═════════◇═════════бюджет < фр. budget < англ. budget — мішок скарбника < лат. bulga — шкіряний мішок; у середньовічній Англії скарбник зі шкіряним мішком, наповненим грішми, ставав перед парламентом і виголошував фінансову промову (ЕС-СУМ 1: 191; ЕСУМ 1: 315); кошторис < польс. kosztorys, koszt — витрати, вартість, кошт і rys — риса, нарис (ЕСУМ 3:69)* * *1.бюджет; кошторис; фінансовий кошторис; план щодо витрат; плановані витрати; план щодо витрат і доходів; кошторис витрат і доходів2. v.асигнувати; передбачати у бюджеті; виділяти кошти ( на що-небудь); розробляти кошторис; виділяти фонди під статтю витрат
См. также в других словарях:
Single-access key — A key in Biology is a modeling method used for categorizing species using logical choices. A single access key (Dichotomous key also called sequential key , analytical key [1], or pathway key ) is a key where the sequence and structure of… … Wikipedia
Single Audit — In the United States, the Single Audit, also known as the OMB A 133 audit, is a rigorous, organization wide audit or examination of an entity that expends $500,000 or more of Federal assistance (commonly known as Federal funds, Federal grants, or … Wikipedia
Instruction step — An instruction step is a method of executing a computer program one step at a time to determine how it is functioning. This might be to determine if the correct program flow is being followed in the program during the execution or to see if… … Wikipedia
Income statement — Accountancy Key concepts Accountant · Accounting period · Bookkeeping · Cash and accrual basis · Cash flow management · Chart of accounts … Wikipedia
Twelve-Step Program — A Twelve Step Program is a set of guiding principles outlining a course of action for recovery from addiction, compulsion, or other behavioral problems. Originally proposed by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) as a method of recovery from alcoholism,[1]… … Wikipedia
Job Control Language — (JCL) is a scripting language used on IBM mainframe operating systems to instruct the system on how to run a batch job or start a subsystem. The term Job Control Language can also be used generically to refer to all languages which perform these… … Wikipedia
evolution — evolutional, adj. evolutionally, adv. /ev euh looh sheuhn/ or, esp. Brit., /ee veuh /, n. 1. any process of formation or growth; development: the evolution of a language; the evolution of the airplane. 2. a product of such development; something… … Universalium
France — /frans, frahns/; Fr. /frddahonns/, n. 1. Anatole /ann nann tawl /, (Jacques Anatole Thibault), 1844 1924, French novelist and essayist: Nobel prize 1921. 2. a republic in W Europe. 58,470,421; 212,736 sq. mi. (550,985 sq. km). Cap.: Paris. 3.… … Universalium
English literature — Introduction the body of written works produced in the English language by inhabitants of the British Isles (including Ireland) from the 7th century to the present day. The major literatures written in English outside the British Isles are… … Universalium
arts, East Asian — Introduction music and visual and performing arts of China, Korea, and Japan. The literatures of these countries are covered in the articles Chinese literature, Korean literature, and Japanese literature. Some studies of East Asia… … Universalium
Heather Mills — Infobox Person name = Heather Anne Mills image size = caption = birth name = birth date = birth date and age|1968|1|12|df=yes birth place = Aldershot, Hampshire, England residence = Robertsbridge, and Hove nationality = English education =… … Wikipedia