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simulation+engine

Толкование Перевод

81 maneuver

маневр; фигура < пилотажа>/ маневрировать; выполнять маневр

180-deg maneuver

3-dimensional maneuver

9-g maneuver

abort maneuver

accel-decel-accel maneuver

accel-decel maneuver

accelerated maneuver

acceleration-deceleration-acceleration maneuver

acceleration-deceleration maneuver

accident maneuver

ACM maneuver

acrobatic maneuver

aerial combat maneuver

aerobatic maneuver

aggressive maneuver

agility maneuver

air combat maneuver

air-to-air maneuver

air-to-air combat maneuver

air-to-ground maneuver

anti-g straining maneuver

asymmetric power maneuver

asymmetric thrust maneuver

attitude maneuver

auto-flap maneuver

autorotation maneuver

balked landing maneuver

bank-to-bank maneuver

bank-to-turn maneuver

banking maneuver

barrel roll-type maneuver

bob-up maneuver

bomb maneuver

butterfly maneuver

compound maneuver

constant sideslip maneuver

coordinated maneuver

corrective maneuver

countering maneuver

coupling maneuver

cross control maneuver

deceleration maneuver

defense maneuver

defensive maneuver

demonstration maneuver

departure maneuver

descend maneuver

design-limited maneuver

discrete maneuver

dive maneuver

doublet set maneuver

dynamic maneuver

emergency maneuver

energy-state maneuver

escape maneuver

evasive maneuver

extended duration maneuver

extreme-attitude maneuver

falling-leaf maneuver

FBW maneuver

final maneuver

full-lateral stick maneuver

full-roll maneuver

full-aft-stick maneuver

full-envelope maneuvers

fuselage aiming maneuver

gliding maneuver

go-around maneuver

gyroscopic coupling maneuver

hammerhead maneuver

heading change maneuver

Herbst maneuver

high-risk maneuver

high-altitude maneuver

high-angle-of-attack maneuver

high-g maneuver

high-roll-rate maneuver

horizontal maneuver

hovering maneuver

hypersonic maneuver

landing maneuver

large-amplitude maneuver

large-angle roll maneuver

lateral maneuver

lateral offset maneuver

lateral-directional maneuver

lead-pursuit maneuver

levelling-off maneuver

liftoff maneuver

longitudinal maneuver

longitudinal coupling maneuver

loop maneuver

low-altitude maneuver

low-g maneuver

low-speed maneuver

M1/L1 straining maneuver

maximum maneuver

maximum g maneuver

mirror-image maneuver

mishap maneuver

missile evasive maneuver

mixed-mode maneuver

near-minimum time maneuver

near-to-the-ground maneuver

nonlinear maneuver

nose-up maneuver

OEI maneuver

offensive maneuver

one engine inoperative maneuver

path stretching maneuver

permissible maneuver

pitch axis maneuver

pitch pulse maneuver

pitch-up maneuver

pitching maneuver

pop-up maneuver

positive maneuver

post launch maneuver

post-stall maneuver

Pougachev's Cobra maneuver

practice maneuver

PST maneuver

pull-out maneuver

pull-up maneuver

push-over maneuver

pushover/pullup maneuver

quasi-steady maneuver

real-time maneuver

rearward maneuver

rigid body maneuver

roll maneuver

roll-over maneuver

roller-coaster maneuver

rolling maneuver

rolling pull maneuver

rolling pullout maneuver

rotational maneuver

side-step maneuver

simulation maneuver

single-axis rotational maneuver

slow-flight maneuver

stabilized maneuver

stall maneuver

steady-state maneuver

steep dive bomb maneuver

sustained maneuver

symmetric maneuver

symmetric power maneuver

symmetrical maneuver

tail slide maneuver

takeoff maneuver

target maneuver

TCAS maneuver

tell-tale maneuver

terminal maneuver

terminal evasion maneuver

terrain-avoidance maneuver

test maneuver

thrust reverse maneuver

tracking maneuver

training maneuver

transient maneuver

translational maneuver

turn maneuver

uncoordinated maneuver

vertical maneuver

vertical attitude maneuver

wave-off maneuver

wind-up turn maneuver

yaw maneuver

zero-sideslip angle maneuver

Авиасловарь > maneuver
82 model

1. модель; макет; образец; эталон/ модельный/ моделировать

2. модель; вариант; тип

3. моделирующая схема

actuator model

actuator disk model

advanced development model

aerodynamic model

aeroelastic model

aeroelastically scaled model

air combat model

airplane model

airplane-like model

approach model

arrow-wing model

atmospheric model

autopilot model

autorotation model

autothrottle model

Baldwin-Lomax model

basic model

beam model

beam/lumped mass model

biomorphic model

blowing model

body alone model

breadboard model

cable-mounted model

cargo load model

CFD model

combustion model

combustion-flow model

command model

compensatory model

composite model

compressibility modified model

computer model

cone-cylinder model

cone-finned model

conical-flow model

consistent model

constant amplitude fatigue model

constitutive model

continuous-mass model

continuum model

controller model

correlation model

counter-rotation model

crack model

crack growth model

crack growth retardation model

crossover model

cumulative damage model

damage accumulation model

damper model

database model

deterministic model

development-type model

differential-game model

discrete model

distributed lift model

disturbance model

downdraft model

drop model

Dryden model

Dugdale model

dynamically scaled model

dynamics model

energy-conservation model

engagement model

engine model

engineering development model

error model

failure model

fatigue model

filament model

fine grid model

finite element model

fixed-base model

fixed-wing model

flow model

flutter model

flutter-suppression model

four-input/four-output model

fractional derivative model

fracture model

free to roll model

free-flight model

free-flying model

free-spinning model

freely flying model

frequency-domain model

full model

full-order model

full-span model

full-span wing model

game model

generic model

geometric model

geometrically scaled model

gravity model

gravity anomaly model

gust model

half-plane model

half-wing model

high-fineness-ratio model

human operator model

identified model

illuminated model

infinite-blade model

input model

instrumented model

inverse model

isolated wing model

k-e model

k-W model

kinematic model

kinetic model

large-scale model

lead-lag pilot model

lead-only pilot model

linear model

longitudinal model

lower-order model

lumped parameter model

lumped-mass model

Mach-scaled model

magnetically suspended model

mass-and-spring model

mass-spring model

Maxwell model

membrane and rod model

meteorological model

micromechanical model

Miner-Palmgren damage model

minimum phase model

missile model

modal model

momentum-conserved model

moving model

multiaxis model

multidegree of freedom model

multiloop model

multiscale model

neuromuscular model

observation model

over-parameterized model

parabolized Navier-Stokes model

pendulation model

performance model

perturbation model

phenomenological model

physical model

pilot-aircraft model

pilot-vehicle model

piston model

pitch model

pitch-plunge model

pitch-lateral-directional model

plant model

plastic model

pneumodynamic model

powered model

powered-lift model

precision model

prediction model

preview model

production model

properly parameterized model

propfan model

propulsion model

pure gain pilot model

quantized model

quasi-static model

R&M model

radar model

radial spring model

radio control model

radio controlled model

real-world model

reduced order model

reference model

reflectivity model

reingestion model

replica model

replica-type model

rocket-propelled model

roll model

rotor-body model

rotorcraft model

scale model

scaled model

scattering model

self-consistent model

semiempirical model

semispan model

semispan wing model

sensitivity model

simulation model

single-axis model

single-body model

single-rotation model

spectrum fatigue model

spray model

stall model

state model

state space model

statistical model

stiffness model

stochastic model

stress model

structural model

study model

supersonic cruise model

task model

terrain model

thin-jet model

three-degree-of-a-freedom model

three-state model

thrust model

tire model

transfer-function model

transparent model

truth model

tunnel-supported model

turbulence model

twin-body model

two layer turbulence model

two-control model

two-degrees-of-freedom model

two-equation turbulence model

unquantized model

untuned model

usage model

V/STOL model

vaporization model

vehicle stability model

vertical dynamic model

vestibular model

viscous/inviscid model

visual cueing model

wake model

wake/wing model

water tunnel model

Wheeler retardation model

wind-tunnel model

windshear model

wing-canard model

wing-rotor model

wireframe model

yaw model

Авиасловарь > model
83 station

1. место; место ЛА < в строю>; положение; сечение; точка измерения

2. узел подвески < внешних грузов>

3. рабочее место < члена экипажа>

4. станция

aft crew station

aileron station

boom station

CFT station

chord station

cockpit control station

crew station

data station

engine station

flight station

forward crew station

fuel station

full-motion crew station

hose-and-drogue station

loadmaster station

longitudinal station

low-drag station

microburst detection station

mid-wing station

midsemispan station

missionized crew station

nonvisual simulation station

pilot station

pilot response station

pressure station

probe station

radial station

relay station

semispan station

store station

test station

tip station

tunnel station

wing station

Авиасловарь > station
84 technology

1. техника; технические средства; технические усовершенствования

2. технология

3. метод(ы)

4. (научно-)технические знания

5. (научно-)технические проблемы

active control technology

aerodynamics technology

aeroelastic tailoring technology

aerostatic technology

AEW technology

airfoil technology

anti-stealth technology

artificial icing technology

beam-index technology

bistatic technology

canard technology

casting technology

CCV technology

CIC technology

circulation-control technology

close-in combat technology

cockpit technology

cockpit automation technology

control technology

control-configured technology

cost intensive technology

cost reducing technology

design technology

detection technology

emerging technology

enabling technology

engine technology

engineering technology

far-term technology

fighter/attack technology

flat-panel technology

flight control technology

fly-by-light technology

fly-by-wire technology

forward-swept-wing technology

fracture mechanics technology

fracture mechanics life technology

functional technology

high technology

high-angle-of-attack technology

high-leverage technology

high-lift technology

high-temperature technology

hot-section technology

implementing technology

inlet technology

integrated circuit technology

integration technology

Kalman-filter technology

laminar flow technology

landing technology

lighter-than-air systems technology

LO technology

loading/unloading technology

low-observable technology

low-observables technology

maintainability technology

manufacturing technology

metal technology

microprocessor technology

moderate cost technology

near-net shape technology

night-attack technology

noise technology

oblique-wing technology

optimal control technology

patching technology

post-stall technology

power-augmented ram technology

powered-lift technology

propfan technology

propulsive-lift technology

radar-eluding technology

repair technology

rotary-wing technology

rotorcraft technology

short field technology

short-takeoff vertical landing technology

simulation technology

simulator technology

stealth technology

stealth-enhancing technology

STOL technology

structures technology

supporting technology

surface-mounted technology

tilt rotor technology

tip-jet technology

USB technology

V/STOL technology

vertical flight technology

visual technology

vortex-flow design technology

vortex-lift technology

VTOL technology

wind tunnel technology

Авиасловарь > technology
85 analysis

анализ; расчёт; исследование

analysis of liquid propellant explosion data — анализ результатов взрывов жидких ракетных топлив

ballistic analysis of propellant — анализ баллистических свойств твёрдого ракетного топлива [пороха]

buckling analysis of shells — исследование устойчивости оболочек

dynamic analysis of shells — расчёт оболочек на динамическую прочность

far-field analysis of the sonic boom — исследование дальнего ноля давления при звуковом ударе

model analysis of structures — моделирование поведения конструкций

near-field analysis of the sonic boom — исследование ближнего поля давления при звуковом ударе

parameter plane stability analysis — анализ устойчивости (ЛА) в плоскости изменяемых параметров

power spectral density analysis — расчёт с помощью метода спектральной плотности

steady state analysis of nitric oxide — анализ окиси азота в условиях стационарного режима

three-dimensional grain stress analysis — трёхмерный анализ напряжений в зарядах твёрдого ракетного топлива

ultimate analysis of turbine fuel — анализ элементарного состава топлива для турбореактивных двигателей

— ablation analysis

— adsorption analysis

— aerodynamic analysis

— aerospace structural analysis

— aircraft mission analysis

— aircraft structural analysis

— air-mass analysis

— apparent-mass analysis

— approximate analysis

— approximation analysis

— atmospheric frontal analysis

— automated analysis

— bioluminescence analysis

— buckling analysis

— check analysis

— computer analysis

— cost analysis

— cost-weight analysis

— creep analysis

— cross-correlation analysis

— deflection analysis

— deformation analysis

— differential thermal analysis

— dilatometric analysis

— dimensional analysis

— discrete-element analysis

— dynamic analysis

— dynamic programing analysis

— dynamic structural analysis

— eigen value analysis

— elastic-plastic analysis

— emergency analysis

— end-point analysis

— error analysis

— experimental stress analysis

— factor analysis

— fail-safe analysis

— failure analysis

— fault analysis

— finite-difference analysis

— finite-element analysis

— first-order-in-frequency analysis

— flak analysis

— flareout analysis

— flight vibration analysis

— flight-vehicle dynamic analysis

— flowfield analysis

— flutter analysis

— Fourier analysis

— frequency-response analysis

— functional analysis

— gas-liquid chromatograph analysis

— grain structural analysis

— gravimetric analysis

— ground-based data analysis

— guidance analysis

— gust analysis

— gust load analysis

— hardware-software trade-off analysis

— harmonic analysis

— hazard analysis

— heat-balance analysis

— heat-transfer analysis

— high-dispersion spectrum analysis

— high-precision isotopic analysis

— holographic analysis

— hydrocarbon analysis

— in-depth analysis

— inlet-engine compatibility analysis

— instantaneous analysis

— integrated dynamic analysis

— interferometric analysis

— ion-exchange chromatographic analysis

— kinetic theory analysis

— large deflection analysis

— launch-on-time analysis

— life-expectancy analysis

— lifting flow analysis

— loads analysis

— LRV characteristics analysis

— lunar samples analysis

— mass-spectral analysis

— mass-spectrographic analysis

— mass-spectrometric analysis

— matrix analysis

— microprobe analysis

— minimum weight analysis

— modal analysis

— mode analysis

— model analysis

— moire fringe analysis

— multiharmonic analysis

— network analysis

— nonlinear dynamic analysis

— numerical analysis

— on-the-line analysis

— parametric analysis

— particle size analysis

— perturbation analysis

— photography image analysis

— photomacrographic analysis

— photomicrographic analysis

— postflight analysis

— postmission analysis

— preflight analysis

— preliminary stress analysis

— proximate analysis

— qualitative analysis

— quantitative analysis

— quantitative ultraviolet analysis

— radiation analysis

— radioactivation analysis

— regression analysis

— reliability analysis

— rotor blade analysis

— second order analysis

— sequential analysis

— shell analysis

— shock analysis

— shock spectrum analysis

— signal analysis

— simulation analysis

— slender-body analysis

— slow-motion analysis

— sonic fatigue analysis

— spacecraft data analysis

— spacecraft dispersion analysis

— spacecraft-crew quarantine analysis

— spectral analysis

— spectrum analysis

— stability analysis

— static structural analysis

— statistical analysis

— strain analysis

— strength analysis

— stress analysis

— strip analysis

— structural analysis

— structural stability analysis

— structural survivability analysis

— systems analysis

— tensor analysis

— thermal analysis

— thermal differential analysis

— thermal-stress analysis

— thermochemical ablation analysis

— thermodynamic analysis

— thermoelastic analysis

— thermomechanical analysis

— thermomechanical erosion analysis

— thermoproperty analysis

— thermostructural analysis

— three-dimensional motion analysis

— time series analysis

— track analysis

— trajectory analysis

— trend analysis

— two-dimensional motion analysis

— vector analysis

— vibration analysis

— volumetric analysis

— wave analysis

— weight efficiency analysis

— weighted regression analysis

— wreckage analysis

— X-ray analysis

— X-ray fluorescence analysis

— X-ray spectral analysis

— X-ray spectrochemical analysis

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > analysis
86 bed

основание, фундамент; стенд; слой

bed of propellant granules — слой зерен твёрдого ракетного топлива

cold iridium catalyst bed — холодный слой иридиевого катализатора

lunar environment simulation bed — стенд для моделирования условий на Луне

packed bed of granules — плотный слой зерен [гранул] (твёрдого ракетного топлива)

swing wing test bed — стенд для отработки крыла изменяемой стреловидности

— activated carbon bed

— aerodynamic test bed

— catalyst bed

— cation-exchange bed

— desorbing desiccant bed

— engine test bed

— filter bed

— fire bed

— fluidized bed

— flying test bed

— horizontal test bed

— ion-exchange bed

— prone bed

— rocket test bed

— satellite test bed

— static test bed

— test bed

— thrust bed

— variable-stability test bed

— vertical test bed

— vertical thrust bed

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > bed
87 chamber

камера; камера сгорания; камера; патронник

gimbaled thrust chamber — камера ракетного двигателя в кардановом подвесе, ориентируемая камера ракетного двигателя

high-vacuum environmental test chamber — глубоксвакуумная барокамера

monopropellant rocket thrust chamber — ЖРД на однокомпонентном топливе

pivoting thrust chamber — поворотная [шарнирно установленная] камера ракетного двигателя

regeneratively cooled combustion chamber — камера сгорания с регенеративным охлаждением

— ablation-cooled chamber

— ablative chamber

— acoustic chamber

— acoustically-lined chamber

— aft cap chamber

— air chamber

— airlock chamber

— altitude chamber

— altitude control chamber

— anechoic chamber

— animal chamber

— annular combustion chamber

— arc chamber

— auxiliary chamber

— balance chamber

— bellows chamber

— blast chamber

— booster chamber

— breech chamber

— bubble chamber

— canmilar combustion chamber

— can-type combustion chamber

— carbon dioxide chamber

— carburettor float chamber

— catalyst chamber

— ceramic-lined chamber

— chemical combustion chamber

— climatic chamber

— cold chamber

— cold-wall vacuum chamber

— combustion chamber

— compression chamber

— constant-pressure thrust chamber

— controlled-environment test chamber

— cruising thrust chamber

— cylindrical combustion chamber

— decomposition chamber

— decompression chamber

— deicing chamber

— diaphragm chamber

— direct-flow combustion chamber

— discharge-nozzle chamber

— distribution chamber

— dosimetric chamber

— double-cone thrust chamber

— double-flow combustion chamber

— double-wall thrust chamber

— eight-unit-can-annular combustion chamber

— ejector chamber

— electric thrust chamber

— engine chamber

— environmental chamber

— environmental space chamber

— explosion chamber

— film-cooled combustion chamber

— fire chamber

— firing chamber

— flame chamber

— flared-tube thrust chamber

— flight chamber

— float chamber

— fog chamber

— fuel chamber

— fuel-regeneration chamber

— gas chamber

— gas-producing chamber

— gimbal-mounted thrust chamber

— grain chamber

— heat sponge chamber

— hemispherical combustion chamber

— high-altitude chamber

— high-pressure chamber

— hinged thrust chamber

— humidity chamber

— hydrogen-oxygen thrust chamber

— igniter chamber

— igniting chamber

— impact-pressure chamber

— infrared chamber

— in-line combustion chamber

— ion thrust chamber

— ionization chamber

— isolation chamber

— launching chamber

— liquid-propellant thrust chamber

— low-pressure chamber

— main chamber

— miniature chamber

— mixing chamber

— motor chamber

— multinozzle thrust chamber

— multiple chambers

— nozzle chamber

— one-piece chamber

— pent-roof combustion chamber

— pilot chamber

— pivot-mounted thrust chamber

— plenum chamber

— plenum-type rocket chamber

— precombustion chamber

— premix chamber

— pressure chamber

— programed altitude chamber

— psychoacoustic test chamber

— radiant heat chamber

— radiation-cooled combustion chamber

— rain chamber

— reaction chamber

— reheat chamber

— reigniter chamber

— reignition chamber

— reverse-flow combustion chamber

— rocket chamber

— rocket combustion chamber

— rocket test chamber

— rocket thrust chamber

— sand-and-dust chamber

— sealed chamber

— segment thrust chamber

— silencer chamber

— silencing chamber

— single-flow combustion chamber

— smokeless combustion chamber

— solar radiation chamber

— solid-propellant thrust chamber

— solid-reactant gas chamber

— space environmental chamber

— space power chamber

— space simulation chamber

— spark chamber

— starting chamber

— straight thrust chamber

— straight-through flow chamber

— surge chamber

— sustainer chamber

— sweat-cooled thrust chamber

— swirl combustion chamber

— swivelling thrust chamber

— swivel-mounted thrust chamber

— sylphon expansion chamber

— takeoff chamber

— tandem chambers

— test chamber

— test thrust chamber

— thermal environment chamber

— thermal vacuum chamber

— thermal-shock chamber

— thermovacuum chamber

— thick-walled thrust chamber

— throatless thrust chamber

— thrust chamber

— toroidal-type thrust chamber

— torture chamber

— triple-cone thrust chamber

— tubular combustion chamber

— turbojet combustion chamber

— turbulence combustion chamber

— two-dimensional thrust chamber

— two-stage combustion chamber

— uncooled combustion chamber

— uncooled thrust chamber

— vacuum chamber

— vaporizing-type combustion chamber

— variable volume chamber

— vernier chamber

— vibration temperature chamber

— vortex combustion chamber

— work chamber

— yaw thrust chamber

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > chamber
88 method

метод, способ, см. тж. technique

active method of homing — активный метод самонаведения

aneroid method of calibration — барометрический метод тарировки (ПВД)

camera fly-over (calibration) method — метод тарировки высотомера фотосъёмкой пролетающего над камерой самолёта

Cartesian method of control — метод раздельного управления с помощью взаимно перпендикулярных рулей

formation method of calibration — метод тарировки ПВД в полете строем (в строю с эталонным самолётом)

instantaneous method of measuring — метод измерения мгновенных значений

line-of-sight method (of guidance) — ркт. метод совмещения [трёх точек] (метод наведения)

long-term method of protection — метод длительной защиты

matching-curve method (of guidance) — ркт. метод совмещения [трёх точек] (метод наведения)

method of accelerated successive replacement — метод ускоренной последовательной подстановки

method of curvature matching — метод обеспечения расчётной профилировки (сопла)

method of flow stabilization — метод стабилизации потока

method of integral relations — метод интегральных соотношений

method of multiblade coordinates — метод вращающихся координат

method of parametric differentiation — метод дифференцирования по параметру

method of small perturbation — метод малых возмущений

moire fringe contouring method — метод контурных муаровых полос

pacer aircraft (calibration) method — метод тарировки (систем статического давления) в полете строем с эталонным самолётом

palletized method of loading — метод загрузки (ЛА) на поддонах

passive method of homing — пассивный метод самонаведения

power spectral density method — метод спектральной плотности

radar tracking calibration method — метод тарировки (систем статического давления) с использованием наземной РЛС

semiactive method of homing — ркт. полуактивный метод самонаведения

short-term method of protection — метод кратковременной защиты

standard method of control — стандартный метод пилотирования

successive spark tracing method with multielectrodes — метод визуализации (течения) с помощью многоэлектродного электроразрядного устройства

tower fly-by (calibration) method — (барометрический) метод тарировки (систем статического давления) пролетом мимо башни [вышки] с измерительными приборами

trailing cone (calibration) method — метод тарировки (систем статического давления) с помощью буксируемого конуса (с эталонным TIBR), метод конуса

— all-blowing method

— analog method

— approximate method

— approximation method

— arresting method

— braking method

— bump method

— calculative method

— calibration method

— calorimetric method

— climb-cruise method

— closed-bomb method

— compensation method

— critical path method

— cut-and-try method

— data reduction method

— datum height method

— displacement method

— double distribution method

— double drift method

— downwash-velocity potential method

— dust-flow method

— dynamic simulation method

— electrical analogue method

— energy method

— engine-shutdown method

— equal altitude method

— equisignal zone method

— escape method

— experimental method

— finite element method

— flow superposition method

— flow visualization method

— forecasting method

— free-to-trim method

— freezeout method

— frequency-response method

— general method

— ground-launched rocket method

— guidance method

— high-flying penetration method

— hose-and-drogue method

— hybrid method

— hydraulic analogue method

— inflight refueling method

— injection method

— intercept method

— interferometer method

— inverse method

— IR homing method

— iteration method

— jamming method

— knock rating method

— lattice method

— Mach number method

— meridian altitude method

— method of attributes

— method of characteristics

— mode method

— momentum-transfer method

— Monte-Carlo method

— nondestructive testing method

— orbital injection method

— over-the-shoulder method

— paraglider method

— penetration method

— perturbation method

— phase method

— photometric method

— photothermoelastic method

— polar method

— preflight-test prediction method

— probe-and-drogue method

— pure pursuit method

— recovery method

— remote control method

— root-locus method

— schlieren method

— sensing method

— shadowgraph method

— singularity method

— small disturbances method

— small perturbation method

— smoke method

— solvent method

— solventless method

— source-and-sink method

— spark method

— spectral density method

— spin prevention method

— standardizing performance method

— starting-fluid ignition method

— starting-fuel ignition method

— statistical method

— stereophotogrammetric method

— stern-chase method

— strain energy method

— strain-gauge method

— streamline method

— strip-analysis method

— stroboscope method

— superposition method

— surface indicator method

— surface integral method

— tail-chase method

— test method

— thrust-vectoring method

— transformation method

— traverse method

— traversing method

— trial-and-error method

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > method
89 parameter

параметр; характеристика; коэффициент

forward looking view parameters — параметры, представляемые в верхней части приборной доски

inlet parameters of the pump — параметры на входе насоса

surface heat release parameter — параметр поверхностного уноса тепла

— ablation parameter

— aerodynamic parameter

— aerodynamic-heat parameter

— ballistic parameter

— bank-angle control parameters

— characteristic parameter

— collision parameter

— combustion parameter

— compressibility parameter

— compressible parameter

— controlled parameter

— controlling parameter

— cooling parameter

— Coriolis parameter

— critical environmental parameter

— damping parameter

— design parameter

— dimensionless parameter

— downward view parameters

— downwash parameter

— dragparameter

— engine-oriented parameter

— environmental parameters

— flight parameter

— flow parameter

— fuel-spreading parameter

— gravitational parameter

— heating parameter

— hold parameter

— hypersonic similarity parameter

— inertial parameter

— instrument parameters

— kill parameter

— lift parameter

— lift-curve-slope parameter

— linkage parameter

— mandatory parameter

— mass-transfer parameter

— mission-oriented parameter

— motion parameter

— optional parameter

— orbital parameter

— parameter of cycle

— parameters to monitor

— pitch-damping parameter

— porosity parameters

— pressure parameter

— propulsion parameter

— radiant absorption parameter

— representative parameter

— rocket flow parameter

— roll control parameter

— roll-damping parameter

— rolling parameter

— roll-to-yaw coupling parameter

— scattering parameter

— shape parameter

— similarity parameter

— similitude parameter

— simulation parameter

— stability parameter

— state parameter

— statistical parameter

— structural parameter

— sweep parameter

— takeoff parameter

— thermal control parameter

— thermal parameter

— thermal shock parameter

— thermal-radiation parameter

— thermodynamic parameter

— thermophysic parameter

— trajectory parameter

— variable parameter

— vehicle-oriented parameter

— void parameter

— weight parameter

— yaw-damping parameter

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > parameter
90 plate

плита; пластина; плата; покрывать, наносить ( металлическое) покрытие

cylindrically blunted flat plate — плоская пластина с цилиндрическим затуплением

— approach plate

— azimuth plate

— base plate

— blast plate

— blowout blast plate

— bottom plate

— boundary-layer splitter plate

— brake plate

— built-up plate

— burner plate

— cantilevered plate

— ceramic plate

— cover plate

— deflector plate

— distributor plate

— drag plate

— elastically supported plate

— end plate

— engine back plate

— fluttering plate

— force-distributing plate

— home plate

— hub-pin plate

— inclined plate

— infinitely long plate

— injector plate

— inspection plate

— insulation plate

— isotropic plate

— leg plate

— letdown plate

— loaded plate

— nozzle plate

— oil seal plate

— orifice plate

— orthotropic plate

— plate with attack

— post-buckled plate

— press plate

— retaining plate

— sealing plate

— simulation plate

— skin plate

— splitter plate

— stringer joint plate

— swash plate

— target plate

— thermally stressed plate

— wobble plate

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > plate
91 program(me)

программа; план; последовательность операций; программировать; задавать последовательность операций

accelerated flight test program(me) — программа ускоренных лётных испытании

aerodynamic research improvement program(me) — программа исследований по улучшению аэродинамики (ЛА)

manned space flight program(me) — программа полётов КЛА с экипажем [пилотируемых КЛА]

military flight evaluation program(me) — программа лётных испытаний для оценки боевых качеств (ЛА)

missile free-flight test program(me) — программа лётных испытаний ракет

multiaircraft flight test program(me) — программа лётных испытаний с участием большого количества ЛА

preselected mixture ratio program(me) — программа изменения состава смеси [соотношения окислителя и горючего] по заранее установленным показателям

production flight test program(me) — программа заводских лётных испытаний

spin flight test program(me) — программа лётных испытаний на штопор

test program(me) of stability — программа испытаний на устойчивость

— accident prevention programme

— aerospace programme

— airframe programme

— autoflare certification programme

— automatic control programme

— aviation programme

— bench testing programme

— certification programme

— computer programme

— conversion programme

— crash programme

— defense programme

— descent programme

— development programme

— development-flying programme

— drag programme

— engine programme

— evaluation programme

— expanded programme

— experimental programme

— exploration programme

— exploratory programme

— fleet leader programme

— flight development programme

— flight programme

— flight research programme

— flight test programme

— flight trials programme

— flow-rate programme

— free aerobatic programme

— ground resonance programme

— ground test programme

— ground trials programme

— instrumentation programme

— landing flap programme

— lift programme

— loading programme

— lunar exploration programme

— manned flight programme

— military programme

— mini-flight-test programme

— overall test programme

— pilot conversion programme

— pilot transition programme

— pitch programme

— powerplant programme

— retrofit programme

— roll programme

— route-proving programme

— simulation programme

— space flight programme

— space programme

— stall programme

— thrust angle programme

— thrust programme

— tilt programme

— type certification programme

— wind-tunnel programme

— yaw programme

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > program(me)
92 program(me)

программа; план; последовательность операций; программировать; задавать последовательность операций

accelerated flight test program(me) — программа ускоренных лётных испытании

aerodynamic research improvement program(me) — программа исследований по улучшению аэродинамики (ЛА)

manned space flight program(me) — программа полётов КЛА с экипажем [пилотируемых КЛА]

military flight evaluation program(me) — программа лётных испытаний для оценки боевых качеств (ЛА)

missile free-flight test program(me) — программа лётных испытаний ракет

multiaircraft flight test program(me) — программа лётных испытаний с участием большого количества ЛА

preselected mixture ratio program(me) — программа изменения состава смеси [соотношения окислителя и горючего] по заранее установленным показателям

production flight test program(me) — программа заводских лётных испытаний

spin flight test program(me) — программа лётных испытаний на штопор

test program(me) of stability — программа испытаний на устойчивость

— accident prevention programme

— aerospace programme

— airframe programme

— autoflare certification programme

— automatic control programme

— aviation programme

— bench testing programme

— certification programme

— computer programme

— conversion programme

— crash programme

— defense programme

— descent programme

— development programme

— development-flying programme

— drag programme

— engine programme

— evaluation programme

— expanded programme

— experimental programme

— exploration programme

— exploratory programme

— fleet leader programme

— flight development programme

— flight programme

— flight research programme

— flight test programme

— flight trials programme

— flow-rate programme

— free aerobatic programme

— ground resonance programme

— ground test programme

— ground trials programme

— instrumentation programme

— landing flap programme

— lift programme

— loading programme

— lunar exploration programme

— manned flight programme

— military programme

— mini-flight-test programme

— overall test programme

— pilot conversion programme

— pilot transition programme

— pitch programme

— powerplant programme

— retrofit programme

— roll programme

— route-proving programme

— simulation programme

— space flight programme

— space programme

— stall programme

— thrust angle programme

— thrust programme

— tilt programme

— type certification programme

— wind-tunnel programme

— yaw programme

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > program(me)
93 SMOTE

SMOTE, simulation of turbofan engine

моделирование характеристик турбовентиляторного двигателя

English-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > SMOTE
94 air

air n
воздух
adjustable air outlet
регулируемый насадок индивидуальной вентиляции
aerodrome air picture
воздушная обстановка в зоне аэродрома
Aerodromes, Air Routes and Ground Aids Section
Секция аэродромов, воздушных трасс и наземных средств
(ИКАО) African Air Tariff Conference
Африканская конференция по авиационным тарифам
aids to air navigation
навигационные средства
air agency
авиационное агентство
air agreement
авиационное соглашение
air alert warning
сигнализация аварийной обстановки в полете
air base
база для обслуживания полетов
air base group
бригада наземного обслуживания
air bearing
воздушная опора
air bearing gyroscope
гироскоп с воздушной опорой осей
air bill
полетный лист
air blast
воздушная ударная волна
air bleed
отбор воздуха
air bleed hole
окно отбора воздуха
air bleed port
отверстие отбора воздуха
air bleed system
система отбора воздуха
(от компрессора) air borne system
бортовая система
air bottle cart
тележка с баллонами сжатого воздуха
air brake system
система воздушных тормозов
air bridge
телескопический трап
air cargo
груз для воздушной перевозки
air carriage
воздушная перевозка
air carriage contract
контракт на воздушную перевозку
air carrier
воздушный перевозчик
air carrier tariff
тарифная ставка, установленная авиаперевозчиком
Air Carrier Tariffs Section
Секция тарифов воздушных перевозчиков
(ИКАО) air charging connection
штуцер зарядки воздухом
air charter carrier
чартерный авиаперевозчик
air circulation
циркуляция воздуха
air clutter
помехи от авиационных средств связи
air codes
воздушный кодекс
air collector
воздушный коллектор
air commerce
авиационная коммерческая деятельность
air communication
воздушное сообщение
air communication center
центр обеспечения воздушной связи
air communicator
оператор авиационной связи
air compass swinging
списание девиации компаса в полете
air conditioning
кондиционирование воздуха
air conditioning system
система кондиционирования воздуха
(в кабине воздушного судна) air conflict search
исследование конфликтной ситуации в воздушном движении
air control
диспетчерское обслуживание воздушного пространства
air conveyance
воздушная перевозка
air cooler
воздушный радиатор
air cooling
воздушное охлаждение
air cooling system
система воздушного охлаждения
air corridor
воздушный коридор
air crash
авиационное происшествие
air cushion
воздушная подушка
air cushion effect
эффект воздушной подушки
air damper
пневматический амортизатор
air data
данные о результатах испытания в воздухе
air data computer
вычислитель воздушных сигналов
air data computer system
система сбора воздушных сигналов
air deficiency
недостаток воздуха
air delivery pipe
воздуховод
air density
плотность воздуха
air diluter
автомат подсоса воздуха
air display
экран изображения воздушной обстановки
air distortion
возмущение воздушного потока
air distress communication
аварийная связь с воздушным судном
air drag
сопротивление воздуха
air eddy
завихрение воздуха
air entity
авиационная организация
air fare
тариф на воздушную перевозку пассажира
air feeder
патрубок подвода воздуха
air ferry route
маршрут перегонки воздушных судов
air filter
воздушный фильтр
air flap
воздушная заслонка
air fleet
воздушный флот
air flow
воздушный поток
air flow characteristic
характеристика расхода воздуха
air flow duct
воздушный тракт
air flow interaction
взаимодействие воздушных потоков
air flow mixer
смеситель потоков воздуха
air flow rate
степень расхода воздуха
air freight
авиационный груз
air freight bill
грузовая авианакладная
air freighter
грузовое воздушное судно
air freight forwarder
агентство по отправке грузов воздушным транспортом
air freight lift
перевозка грузов по воздуху
air freight terminal
грузовой комплекс аэропорта
air gate
воздушные ворота
air grill
решетка для забора воздуха
air gust
порыв воздушной массы
air heater
обогреватель воздуха
air humidifying system
система увлажнения воздуха
air induction system
система забора воздуха
air industry
авиационная промышленность
air inlet
бортовой приемник статического давления
air inlet duct
входное устройство
air inlet screen
сетчатый фильтр воздухоприемника
air inlet section
входное воздушное устройство
(двигателя) air intake
воздухозаборник
air intake blade
заглушка воздухозаборника
air intake diffuser
диффузор воздухозаборника
air intake duct
канал воздухозаборника
air intake duct heating
обогрев канала воздухозаборника
air intake fixed lip
нерегулируемая кромка воздухозаборника
air intake hazard area
опасная зона перед воздухозаборником
air intake heater
обогреватель воздухозаборника
air intake pressure
давление на входе в воздухозаборник
air intake spike
конус воздухозаборника
(двигателя) air intake spike control
управление конусом воздухозаборником
air intake surge
помпаж в воздухозаборнике
air intake throat
минимальное проходное сечение воздухозаборника
air intake wedge
клин воздухозаборника
air intrusion
нарушение воздушного пространства
air labyrinth seal ring
кольцо воздушного лабиринтного уплотнения
air lane
воздушная трасса
air law
воздушное право
Air laws regulations
Воздушный кодекс
air leg
участок маршрута полета
air legislation
авиационное законодательство
air line
воздушная линия
Air Line Pilot's
Ассоциация пилотов гражданской авиации
air lock
воздушная пробка
air loitering
воздушное барражирование
air mail
воздушная почта
air manifold
воздушный коллектор
air manifold pipe
воздушный коллектор
air marker
аэронавигационный маркер
air mass
воздушная масса
air medicine
авиационная медицина
air meter
расходомер воздуха
air miss
сближение в полете
air mixture control
регулирование топливовоздушной смеси
air movement
воздушная перевозка
air navigation
аэронавигация
air navigation agreement
аэронавигационное соглашение
Air Navigation Bureau
Аэронавигационное управление
air navigation charge
аэронавигационный сбор
air navigation chart
аэронавигационная карта
Air Navigation Commission
Аэронавигационная комиссия
Air Navigation Committee
Аэронавигационный комитет
air navigation computer
аэронавигационный вычислитель
Air Navigation Conference
Аэронавигационная конференция
air navigation facilities
аэронавигационные средства
air navigation plan
аэронавигационный план
air navigation protractor
аэронавигационный транспортир
air navigation region
район аэронавигации
air navigation school
штурманская школа
air navigation service
аэронавигационное обслуживание
air navigation table
таблица аэронавигационных расчетов
air navigator
штурман
air observation
наблюдение за воздушным пространством
air obstacle
препятствие на пути полета
air operation for hire
воздушная перевозка по найму
air operation for remuneration
воздушная перевозка за плату
Air Passenger Tariff
сборник пассажирских тарифов на воздушную перевозку
air path
воздушная трасса
air patrol zone
зона воздушного барражирования
air patter
авиационная фразеология
air pilotage
самолетовождение
air piracy
воздушное пиратство
air plan
план развития воздушных перевозок
air plot
схема воздушной обстановки
air pocket
воздушная яма
air pollution
загрязнение атмосферы
air position
положение в воздушном пространстве
air position indicator
указатель местоположения в полете
air pressure
давление воздуха
air pressure valve
воздушный редуктор
air pressurization system
система наддува
(кабины) air priority
очередность полетов
air refuelling
дозаправка топливом в полете
air release hose
шланг для стравливания воздуха
air report
донесение с борта
air rescue kit
комплект аварийно-спасательного оборудования
air rote limitations
ограничения на воздушных трассах
air route
воздушная трасса
air route chart
маршрутная карта
air route forecast
прогноз по маршруту
air route network
сеть воздушных трасс
air safety
безопасность воздушного движения
air safety rules
инструкция по обеспечению безопасности полетов
air seal
воздушное уплотнение
air search
поиск с воздуха
air service
авиаперевозки
air sextant
авиационный секстант
air show
авиационная выставка
air shuttle
челночные авиаперевозки
air side
воздушная зона
air situation
воздушная обстановка
air situation display
дисплей индикации воздушной обстановки
air sounding
зондирование атмосферы
air spacing
распределение воздушного пространства
(для обеспечения контроля полетов) air stability
устойчивость воздушной массы
air stairs
авиационный трап
air starter
воздушный стартер
air starting
запуск в воздухе
air starting system
воздушная система запуска двигателей
air strip
ВПП
air supremacy
господство в воздухе
air surveillance system
система воздушного наблюдения
air survey
наблюдение с воздуха
air target
воздушная цель
air target indication
индикация воздушных целей
air tariff clause
статья об авиационных тарифах
air taxi
воздушное такси
air taxiing
руление по воздуху
air ticket portion
купон авиационного билета
air tire
пневматическая шина
air track
воздушная трасса
air traffic
воздушное движение
air traffic audio simulation system
аудиовизуальная система имитации воздушного движения
(для тренажеров) air traffic control
1. ответчик системы УВД
2. управление воздушным движением Air Traffic Control Advisory Committee
Консультативный комитет по управлению воздушным движением
air traffic control area
зона управления воздушным движением
air traffic control boundary
граница зоны управления воздушным движением
air traffic control center
диспетчерский центр управления воздушным движением
air traffic control clearance
разрешение службы управления воздушным движением
air traffic controller
диспетчер службы управления воздушным движением
air traffic control loop
цикл управления воздушным движением
air traffic control procedures
правила управления воздушным движением
air traffic control radar
радиолокатор управления воздушным движением
air traffic control routing
прокладка маршрута полета согласно указанию службы управления движением
air traffic control service
служба управления воздушным движением
air traffic control system
система управления воздушным движением
air traffic control unit
пункт управления воздушным движением
air traffic convention
конвенция по управлению воздушным движением
air traffic density
плотность воздушного движения
air traffic environment
условия выполнения воздушных перевозок
air traffic flow management
управление потоком воздушного движения
air traffic guide
наставление по управлению воздушным движением
air traffic hub
узловой район воздушного движения
air traffic pattern
схема воздушного движения
air traffic performance
объем воздушных перевозок
air traffic procedures
правила воздушного движения
air traffic school
школа подготовки специалистов по управлению воздушным движением
air traffic service
служба воздушного движения
air traffic service chart
схема обслуживания воздушного движения
air traffic service route
маршрут, обслуживаемый службой воздушного движения
air traffic services expert
эксперт по обслуживанию воздушного движения
air traffic services procedures
правила обслуживания воздушного движения
air traffic services unit
пункт обслуживания воздушного движения
air transport
воздушный транспорт
air Transport
Ассоциация воздушного транспорта США
air transport agreement
соглашение о воздушном сообщении
Air Transportation Board
Комитет по воздушным перевозкам
Air Transport Bureau
Авиатранспортное управление
Air Transport Committee
Комитет по воздушным перевозкам
air transport enterprise
авиатранспортное предприятие
air transport facilitation
уменьшение ограничений в воздушных перевозках
air transport insurance
страхование авиаперевозок
air transport movement table
график движения воздушного транспорта
air transport operations
авиатранспортные перевозки
air transport pilot
свидетельство пилота транспортной авиации
air transport service
авиаперевозки
Air Transport Studies Section
Секция исследования воздушного транспорта
(ИКАО) air transport wing
авиатранспортное подразделение
air travel
воздушное путешествие
air travel card
маршрутный лист воздушного путешествия
air travel plan
график воздушного путешествия
air trial
испытание в воздухе
air trip
воздушное путешествие
air turbine
воздушная турбина
air turbulence
воздушная турбулентность
air unit
авиационное подразделение
air unworthiness
непригодность к летной эксплуатации
air valve
воздушный клапан
air velocity
скорость движения воздушной массы
air wave
воздушная волна
air waybill
авиагрузовая накладная
airways and air communications service
служба воздушных сообщений
alternate air route
запасной маршрут полета
ambient air
окружающий воздух
ambient air temperature
температура окружающего воздуха
annular air intake
кольцевой воздухозаборник
ascending air
восходящий поток воздуха
ball-type air outlet
насадок шарового типа индивидуальной вентиляции
bearing air seal
воздушное уплотнение опоры
bifurcated air bypass duct
раздвоенный воздушный тракт
bifurcated air intake
воздухозаборник, раздвоенный на выходе
bird strike to an air craft
столкновение птиц с воздушным судном
bleed air
стравливать воздушную пробку
bleed air receiver
ресивер отбора воздуха
bleed off air
перепускать воздух
boundary-layer air
воздух в пограничном слое
breather air
воздух суфлирования
bring to rest air
затормаживать воздушный поток
center of air pressure
центр аэродинамического давления
Central Agency of Air Service
Главное агентство воздушных сообщений
certificated air carrier
зарегистрированный авиаперевозчик
civil air operations
полеты гражданских воздушных судов
civil air regulations
руководство по полетам воздушных судов гражданской авиации
civil air transport
гражданский воздушный транспорт
clear air turbulence
турбулентность в атмосфере без облаков
cold air
холодный фронт воздуха
commercial air carrier
коммерческий авиаперевозчик
commercial air transport
коммерческий воздушный транспорт
commercial air transportation
коммерческая воздушная перевозка
commercial air transport operations
коммерческие воздушные перевозки
commuter air carrier
авиаперевозчик на короткие расстояния
compressor air flow duct
второй контур
compressor-bleed air
воздух, отбираемый от компрессора
conditioned air emergency valve
аварийный клапан сброса давления в системе кондиционирования
continuous air bleed
постоянный отбор воздуха
cooling air outlet tube
патрубок отвода охлаждающего воздуха
dead air
невозмущенный воздух
determine air in a system
устанавливать наличие воздушной пробки в системе
discharge air overboard
отводить воздух в атмосферу
dominant air mode
основной режим воздушного пространства
duct air temperature
температура воздуха в трубопроводе
earth air strip
грунтовая ВПП
effective air path
действующая воздушная трасса
enforce rules of the air
обеспечивать соблюдение правил полетов
engine air bleed flange
фланец отбора воздуха от двигателя
European Air carries Assembly
Ассамблея европейских авиаперевозчиков
European Air Navigation Planning Group
Европейская группа аэронавигационного планирования
first freedom of the air
первая степень свободы воздуха
fixed-geometry air intake
нерегулируемый воздухозаборник
fixed-lip air intake
воздухозаборник с фиксированной передней кромкой
flame tube air hole
окно подвода воздуха к жаровой трубе
flow of air traffic
поток воздушного движения
forced air cooling
принудительное охлаждение
freedom of the air
степень свободы воздуха
gain the air supremacy
завоевывать господство в воздухе
General Department of International Air Services of Aeroflot
Центральное управление международных воздушных сообщений гражданской авиации
generator air inlet
воздухозаборник обдува генератора
ground air starting unit
аэродромная установка для запуска
high density air traffic
интенсивное воздушное движение
identify the aerodrome from the air
опознавать аэродром с воздуха
indicate the location from the air
определять местоположение с воздуха
intermodal air carriage
смешанная воздушная перевозка
International Air Carrier
Международная ассоциация авиаперевозчиков
international air route
международная авиационная трасса
International Air Transport
Международная ассоциация воздушного транспорта
International commission for Air Navigation
Международная комиссия по аэронавигации
International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations
Международная федерация ассоциаций линейных пилотов
International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers' Associations
Международная федерация ассоциаций авиадиспетчеров
intersection of air routes
пересечение воздушных трасс
light air
разреженный воздух
long-range air navigation system
система дальней радионавигации
low air area
нижнее воздушное пространство
low air route
маршрут нижнего воздушного пространства
main air
воздух, проходящий через первый контур
maintenance-free air bearing
износостойкий воздушный подшипник
mass air flow
массовый расход воздуха
mid air collision control
предупреждение столкновений в воздухе
mixing air
смесительный воздух
multishock air intake
многоскачковый воздухозаборник
National Air Carrier
Ассоциация воздушных перевозчиков
normal air
стандартная атмосфера
nose air intake
носовой воздухозаборник
open air
наружный воздух
outside air temperature
температура наружного воздуха
outside air temperature indicator
указатель температуры наружного воздуха
overflow air traffic
перегружать воздушное движение
pipeline to air intake
трубопровод подвода воздуха к воздухозаборнику
practical air navigation
практическая аэронавигация
private air strip
частная ВПП
Procedures for Air Navigation Services
Правила аэронавигационного обслуживания
prognostic upper air chart
карта прогнозов состояния верхних слоев атмосферы
ram air
заторможенный поток воздуха
ram air assembly
заборник воздуха для надува топливных баков от скоростного напора
ram air cooling
охлаждение набегающим потоком воздуха
ram air temperature
температура набегающего потока воздуха
rarefied air
разреженный воздух
regional air navigation
региональная аэронавигация
regional air navigation meeting
региональное аэронавигационное совещание
(ИКАО) release air
стравливать давление воздуха
retractable air steps
выдвижная бортовая лестница
rough air
воздух в турбулентном состоянии
rough air mechanism
механизм для создания условий полета в нестабильной атмосфере
route air navigation facilities
маршрутные аэронавигационные средства
rules of the air
правила полетов
scheduled air service
регулярные воздушные перевозки
sealing air annulus
кольцевой канал подвода воздуха к лабиринтному управления
sealing air passage
канал подвода воздуха к лабиринтному уплотнению
second freedom of the air
вторая степень свободы воздуха
shipment by air
транспортировка по воздуху
stable air
устойчивый воздушный поток
standard air
стандартная атмосфера
static air temperature
температура возмущенной воздушной массы
still air
нулевой ветер
tactical air navigation
тактическая аэронавигация
tactical air navigation facilities
тактические аэронавигационные средства
tactical air navigation system
система ближней аэронавигации
tap air from the compressor
отбирать воздух от компрессора
throttle air
воздушный дроссель
through air service
прямое воздушное сообщение
time in the air
налет часов
total air temperature
полная температура потока
two-dimensional air intake
двухмерный воздухозаборник
two-shock air intake
двухскачковый воздухозаборник
undisturbed air
невозмущенная атмосфера
unifired air cargo tariff
единая авиационная грузовая тарифная ставка
unifired air passenger tariff
единая авиационная пассажирская тарифная ставка
universal air travel plan
программа организации авиационных путешествий
upper air
верхнее воздушное пространство
upper air area
верхнее воздушное пространство
upper air route
маршрут верхнего воздушного пространства
upper air temperature
температура верхних слоев атмосферы
variable lip air intake
воздухозаборник с регулируемой передней кромкой
vent air
дренажировать
vent air inlet
воздухозаборник
ventilating air outlet
насадок индивидуальной вентиляции

English-Russian aviation dictionary > air
95 inflight

downward inflight view
нижний обзор в полете
forward inflight view
передний обзор в полете
inflight bomb threat
угроза применения взрывчатого устройства в полете
inflight emergency instruction
инструктаж при аварийной обстановке в полете
inflight engine test
испытание двигателя в полете
inflight manoeuvre
маневр в полете
inflight measurement
замер в полете
inflight nonassisted starting
запуск в полете без включения стартера
inflight operational instructions
указания по условиям эксплуатации в полете
inflight operational planning
уточнение плана полета по сведениям, полученным в полете
inflight procedure
порядок действий во время полета
inflight radar scanning
радиолокационный обзор в полете
inflight reliability
надежность в полете
inflight relief
смена
inflight restart envelope
граница высот повторного запуска в полете
inflight simulation
имитация в полете
inflight snow showers
снежный заряд в зоне полета
inflight spatial orientation
пространственная ориентация в полете
inflight stability
устойчивость в полете
inflight starting
запуск в полете
inflight vibration recording
запись вибрации в полете
inflight view
обзор в полете
obscure inflight view
мешать обзору в полете
sideway inflight view
боковой обзор в полете
upward inflight view
верхний обзор в полете

English-Russian aviation dictionary > inflight
96 Artificial Intelligence

   1) Programs and the Complexity of Human Mental Processes

   In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Is an Engineering Discipline

   Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)

   3) A Sceptical View of Artificial Intelligence

   Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inﬂated predictions....

   When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)

   4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually

   Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the Program

   Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)

   6) The Meaning of a Symbolic Description

   What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   7) The Principle of Artificial Intelligence

   [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)

   8) Artificial Intelligence Recognizes the Need for Knowledge in Its Systems

   The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)

   9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form

   The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)

    10) There Are Many Types of Reasoning

   There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:

    Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins ﬂy? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can ﬂy, so robins probably can ﬂy."

    Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)

    11) Programs Are Beginning to Do Things That Critics Have Asserted to Be Impossible

   Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)

    12) The Synthesis of Man and Machine

   Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)

    13) The Thesis of Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI)

   The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)

    14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation

   It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)

    15) Four Kinds of Artificial Intelligence

   We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.

   ♦ Nonpsychological AI

   Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.

   ♦ Weak Psychological AI

   Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.

   ♦ Strong Psychological AI

... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)

   ♦ Suprapsychological AI

   Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)

    16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts

   Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)

    17) Form and Content Are Not Fundamentally Different

   Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System

   Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence

   The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.

   The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)

    20) Mathematical Logic Provides the Basis for Theory in AI

   The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....

   AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)

    21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions

   In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)

    22) Definitions of Artificial Intelligence

   Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)

    23) The Computer Can Not Be a Model of the Mind

   Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)

    24) Computers Will Not Always Be Inferior to Human Brains

   The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence

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