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1 (raf)merki
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2 gefa e-m merki (um)
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3 merki, ljós
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4 senda skilaboî meî merkjum
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5 viti
* * *m.1) token, mark, signal; þat þótti eigi góðs v., it boded nothing good;2) as a naut. term; hafa vita af landi, to stand so near land as to be aware of it;3) a beacon, kindled as a warning signal (brenna, kveikja, kynda vita).* * *1.a, m. a signal; þat þótti eigi góðs viti, it boded nothing good, Fs. 20; ílls-viti, boding evil.2. as a naut. term; hafa vita af landi, to stand so near land as to be aware of it, of the marks by which sailors note the proximity of land; hann sigldi fyrir sunnan Ísland ok hafði vita af, Ó. H. 75; allir settu augu sín aptr um skut, meðan þeir máttu nokkurn vita sjá til fóstr-jarðar sinnar, Al. 12.3. a beacon kindled as a warning signal when a fleet or enemy was in sight or had arrived, see Hák. S. Góða ch. 21, and Orkn. ch. 71–74, N. G. L. i. 102; eld sé ek brenna fyrir austan borg … þat mun viti kallaðr, Gs. 18; vita skyldi göra á hám fjöllum … svá at hvern mætti sjá frá öðrum, sú var siðvenja, at vitar fóru austan eptir landi, Hkr. i. 147; skjóta upp vita, Fb. ii. 458; fleygja eldi í vitana, Fms. viii. 74, 188; lögðu þar í eld ok görðu þar vita, Eg. 222; brenna vita, Fær.; halda vita, gæta vita, kynda vita, slá eldi í vita, etc., Orkn. l. c.; veðr-viti, a vane, weather-cock. vita-karl, vita-vörðr, m. a beacon-watchman, Fms. viii. 73, 188, Gþl. 86, N. G. L. i. 102.2.a, m. a leader; in odd-viti; ú-viti, an artless person, e. g. a child; íll-viti, an evil boder; ör-viti or ör-vita, insane.3.n.(?), a moment, point of time (?); en hvert viti ( every time) er maðr festir útlegðar-eið, þá skal …, N. G. L. i. 161. -
6 vitneskja
* * *f. signal, sign (góð v.).* * *u, f. a sign, signal; reisa upp háfa stöng til vitneskju, Al. 88; kvað þat vera myndu góða vitneskju ( a good sign) er svá hafði at borizk, Ó. H. 26.2. intelligence, information; hafa vitneskju af e-u, to be aware of a fact. -
7 vís-bending
f. a signal, Fms. xi. 332; göra e-m v., to give a signal, Fs. 85, Stj. 357. -
8 VÍTI
* * *m.1) token, mark, signal; þat þótti eigi góðs v., it boded nothing good;2) as a naut. term; hafa vita af landi, to stand so near land as to be aware of it;3) a beacon, kindled as a warning signal (brenna, kveikja, kynda vita).* * *n. [A. S. wîte; Old Engl. wite], a fine, sconce; sex marka víti, Grág. i. 319; skal þar gjaldask vítið, 451; Þorgils segir, at hón skal víti ( punishment) fyrir taka, Fms. vii. 219; slíkt víti sem hann hafði á sér tekit, xi. 117; ef þú bregðr eigi af … ella liggr þér á víti, iv. 27; er þat ráð at Hákon skapi þér víti fyrir, ok far þú í sveit hans, vii. 153; leiðar-víti, see leið; hel-víti, q. v.: the saying, láta sér annars víti at varnaði, Nj. 23 (Sól. 19); borða-víti, a table-sconce; en er kom at Jólum vóru víti upp sögð, but when Yule came the sconces were declared, Fms. vi. 242; (cp. the sconces in the Oxford Colleges).COMPDS: vítisgjald, vítishorn, vítalauss, vítilauss, vítislauss, vítaverðr. -
9 vísbending
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10 BÁKN
n. beacon, signal.* * *n. for. word [A. S. bêcn; O. H. G. pauhan], a beacon, v; sigrbákn: bákn now means a big, monstrous thing. -
11 brúðar-gangr
m. the bridal procession; both the procession to and from the church (first the maids and women, then the ladies, and the bride, as the chief person, last); and again, the procession of the bride and ladies from the bride’s room (brúðarhús) into the hall, where the men were assembled with the bridegroom. After grace had been said, both in the stofa, to the men, and in the bride’s-bower, to the ladies, two dishes were served; a toast, called Heilags Anda skál or Heilags Anda minni (Holy Ghost’s toast), perhaps a continuation of the heathen Bragarfull, was then given; at this signal the marshal (siðamaðr) went up to the bride’s room and summoned the brides (ladies) to come down to the stofa and join the men; this was the second procession. The bride then sat on the bride’s chair, and every one took his lady, and the feast went on in common. This custom is obsolete, but the word remains: a slow, stately walk, with an air of importance in measured steps, is called in Icel. a ‘bride’s walk,’ like that of brides on a wedding day; [cp. Germ. brautgang.] -
12 SKJÖLDR
(gen. skjaldar, dat. skildi; pl. skildir, acc. skjöldu), m. shield;hafa e-n at skildi fyrir sér, to have another as a shield before one;bera efra (hærra) skjöld, to have the best of it, to gain the day;þjóna undir þann skjöld, to serve under that standard;leika tveim skjöldum, to play a double game;koma í opna skjöldu, to attack in flank (from the left);skjóta skildi yfir e-n, to protect one.* * *m., gen. skjaldar, dat. skildi; an old dat. in poets skjaldi,—hj aldrs á mínum skj aldi, Eb. 27 new Ed. (in a verse); h aldorð í bug skj aldi, Fms. vi. (in a verse); h aldir fast ok skj aldi, Kormak: plur. skildir; acc. skjöldu, mod. skildi: [Ulf. skildus = θυρεός, Ephes. vi. 16; Dan. skjold; Swed. sköld; common to all Teut. languages: it is commonly derived from skjól, shelter, although the short root vowel and the final d of skild speak against this: ‘skillingr’ or ‘skildingr’ ( a shilling) may be a derivative from ‘skildus,’ from the shape, and from the painted or scratched ‘ring’ on the shields; see below: in fact, an old poet (Bragi) calls the shield ‘the penny of the hall of Odin.’]A. A shield, the generic name; the special names are, rönd, rít, baugr, targa, lind; þeir höfðu ekki langa skjöldu, Fas. i. 379; góðan skjöld ok þjökkan á hálsi, Sks. 407; skjöld á hlið, Bjarn. 62, and so in countless instances.II. special phrases; halda skildi fyrir e-m (e-n), to hold one’s shield, as a second in a holmganga, Glúm. 332, Korm. 88; or, fyrir e-n, Ísl. ii. 257; era héra at borgnara þótt hæna beri skjöld, Fms. vii. 116: hafa e-n at skildi, to have another as one’s shield, i. e. seek shelter behind him, Nj. 8; bera efra skjöld, to carry the highest shield, gain the day, Fas. i. 383, Fms. x. 394: þjóna undir þann skjöld, to serve under that shield, that standard, vii. 293; þjóna undir sama skjöld, viii. 109: binda öllum jafnan skjöld, to tie the same shield to all, treat all in one fashion (metaphor from a withy-shield?), Clem. 44: leika tveim skjöldum, to play with two shields, play a double game (metaphor from the red and white shields, see B), Am. 70, Hkr. i. (in a verse): koma í opna skjöldu, to fall into the open (hollow) shield, to attack in flank ( from the left), Fms. vi. 408, Stj. 365, Eg. 295, Fb. ii. 123; rennir sá maðr í kirkjugarð, ok sækir þingat skjöld, and seeks protection there, N. G. L. i. 352; múrr ok skjöldr, Mar.III. of any shield-formed thing; tólgar-s., a round piece of tallow; also of shield-like spots on cattle or whales: of a white tablet in churches, Vm. 142, 162, 168, Ám. 55, Pm. 17: brjóst-skjöldr, a round brooch.IV. a pr. name, Nj., Hkr. (of the son of Odin, the ancestor of the Danish kings); Skjöldungar, Edda; Skjöldr Skánunga goð, Fb. iii. 246.COMPDS: skjaldarband, skjaldarbukl, skjaldarfetill, skjaldarjötunn, skjaldarrönd, skjaldarskirfl, skjaldarsporðr.B. Remarks on the shield.—A shield was raised as a signal in time of war; a red shield betokened war (rauðr skjöldr, her-skjöldr), a white shield peace (hvítr skjöldr, friðar-skjöldr, a peace-shield); in a battle the red shield was hoisted, Hkv. 1. 33; but, bregða upp friðar skildi, to hoist the (white) shield of peace, was a sign that the battle was to cease; hann lét skjóta upp skildi hvítum, Fagrsk. 6l, Fms. vii. 23; hence also the phrase, bera herskjöld, or, fara herskildi, to harry, overrun a land with the ‘war shield,’ see frið-skjöldr and her-skjöldr (s. v. herr). War ships were lined from stem to stern with a wall of shields,—skip skarat skjöldum, or skjaldat skip; hann kom í Bjarnar-fjörð með al-skjölduðu skipi, síðan var hann Skjaldar-Björn kallaðr, Landn. 156. The halls of the ancients were hung all round with a row of shields, Gm. 9, Edda 2, Eg. 43, see the curious story in Fas. iii. 42. For the shield-wall in battles see skjald-borg. Ancient sayings; nú er skarð fyrir skildi, now there is a gap for a shield, a breach in the fence, of a heavy loss, such as the death of a person, nú er skarð fyrir skildi, nú er svanrinn nár á Tjörn, Jón Þorl.; höggva skarð í skildi e-s, to cut a notch in one’s shield, inflict a severe blow, Orkn. (in a verse). Shields were furnished with a painted or carved ‘ring’ representing mythological or heroic subjects; these rings are the earliest works of Northern art on record, hence come the names rít, baugr, rönd, of which rít points to scratching (whereas Bragi used ‘fá’ = to paint); rauðum skildi, rönd var ór gulli, Hkv. 1. 33. Such shields were a lordly gift, and gave rise to several ancient poems treating of the subjects carved or painted on the shield, such as the famous Haust-löng by Thjodolf, the Ragnars-kviða by Bragi, the two Beru-drápur (Shield-songs) by Egill; these ‘shield-lays’ were afterwards the sources of the writer of the Edda, but only a few fragments are preserved; (cp. the Greek lay on ‘the shield of Heracles,’ and the lay on Achilles’ shield in the Iliad.) -
13 TRÉ
* * *(pl. tré, gen. trjá, dat. trjám), n.1) tree (höggva t. í skógi); eigi felir t. við it fyrsta högg, the tree falls not at the first stroke;3) tree, rafter, beam, cf. þvertré;* * *n., gen. trés, dat. acc. tré; pl. tré, gen. trjá; spelt treo, Stj. 14, 74, Barl. 138; dat. trjám; with the article tré-it, mod. tréð; [Ulf. triu = ξύλον; A. S. treow; Engl. tree; Dan. træ; Swed. trä, träd, the d representing the article; in Germ. this word is lost, or only remains in compds, see apaldr]:—a tree, Lat. arbor; askrinn er allra trjá mestr, Edda 10; hamra, hörga, skóga, vötn, tré ok öll önnur blót, Fms. v. 239; höggva upp tré, Gullþ. 50; rætr eins trés, Fms. x. 219; höggva tré í skógi, Grág. ii. 296, Glúm. 329; milli trjá tveggja, 656 B. 4; lauf af tré, Fs. 135; barr af limum trés þess, er …, Edda; tvau tré, Ask ok Emblu, id.; ymr it aldna tré, Vsp.: of trees used as gallows, ef ek sé á tré uppi, váfa virgil-ná, Hm. 158; skolla við tré, Fms. vii. (in a verse); cp. the Swed. allit. galge ok gren: hence of the cross, 655 xvi. A. 2, Fms. vi. 227, Vídal. passim; and so in mod. eccl. writers. Sayings, eigi fellr tré við it fyrsta högg, the tree falls not at the first stroke, Nj. 224; falls er ván at fornu tré, of a person old and on the verge of the grave, Ísl. ii. 415; tré tekr at hníga ef höggr tág undan, Am. 69.II. wood (= Lat. lignum); hann sat á tré einu, Fms. i. 182; tré svá mikit at hann kemr því eigi ór flæðar-máli, Grág. ii. 351; at þar ræki tró sextugt … súlur er hann let ór trénu göra, Gísl. 140.2. the mast of a ship; ok skyldi standa tréit, Fms. ix. 301; æsti storminn svá at sumir hjoggu tréin, x. 136; lét hann eigi setja hæra enn í mitt tré, Orkn. 260; viti hafði brenndr verit, ok var brunnit mjök tréit, Finnb. 232; á skipi Munans brotnaði tréit, Fms. viii. 209, (siglu-tré = mast.)3. a tree, rafter, beam; sax eðr saxbönd, hvert tré þeirra er missir, N. G. L. i. 100; ok ef hús fellr niðr, þá skal ekki tré af elda, 240; þver-tré, a cross-tree, Nj. 201, 202.4. the seat of a privy; gengr til kamars eðr setzk á tré, Grág. ii. 119.B. IN COMPDS, made of wood. tré-bolli, a, m. a wooden bowl, Vm. 110. tré-borg, f. a ‘tree-burgh,’ wood-fort, Eg. 244, Fms. viii. 113. tré-bót, f. as a nickname, Sturl. tré-brú, f. a wooden bridge, Þjal. 53. tré-drumbr, m. a drum of wood, log, Fms. vi. 179, v. l. tré-fótr, m. a wooden leg, Eb. 66, Bs. i. 312; the phrase, ganga á tréfótum, to go on wooden legs, of a thing in a tottering, bad state, Fb. ii. 300; það gengr allt á tréfótum. tré-guð, n. wooden idols, MS. 4. 68. tré-hafr, m. a wood-goat, Fb. i. 320. tré-hús, n. a wooden house, Fms. vii. 100, D. N. ii. 152. tré-hválf, n. a wooden ceiling, Bs. i. 251. tré-höll, f. a wooden hall, Fms. ix. 326. tre-kastali, a, m. = treborg, Sks. 423. tré-kefli, n. a wooden stick, Orkn. 150, Sturl. i. 15. tré-ker, n. a wooden vessel, Stj. 268, Karl. 546. tré-kirkja, u, f. a wooden church, Fms. xi. 271, Hkr, ii. 180. tré-kross, m. a wooden cross, Vm. 38. tré-kumbr ( tré-kubbr), m. a log, Barl. 165. tré-kylfa, u, f. a wooden club, Sturl. i. 15. tré-kyllir, m. a ‘wood-bag,’ name of a ship, Grett., whence Trékyllis-vík, f. a local name. tré-köttr, m. a ‘wooden cat,’ a mouse-trap, mod. fjala-köttr; svá veiddr sem mús undir tréketti, Niðtst. 106. tré-lampr, m. a wooden lamp, Ám. 51, Pm. 108, tré-laust, n. adj. treeless, Karl. 461. tre-lektari, a, m. a wooden reading-desk, Pm. 6. tré-ligr, adj. of wood, Mar. tré-lurkr, m. a wood-cudgel, Glúm. 342. tré-maðr, m. a ‘wood-man,’ Fms. iii. 100; carved poles in the shape of a man seem to have been erected as harbour-marks, cp. the remarks s. v. hafnar-mark (höfn B); in Hm. 48, of a way-mark; a huge tré-maðr (an idol?) is mentioned in Ragn. S. fine, (Fas. i. 298, 299); the Ask and Embla (Vsp.) are also represented as ‘wood-men’ without living souls. tré-níð, n., see níð, Grág. ii. 147, N. G. L. i. 56. tré-reiði, a, m. wooden equipments, harness, Jb. 412, Sturl. iii. 71 (of a ship, mast, oars, etc.), K. Þ. K. 88 (of horse-harness). tré-ræfr, n. a wooden roof, Þjal. 53. tré-saumr, m. wooden nails, Ann. 1189. tré-serkr, m. a wooden coat; in tréserkja-bani, as a nickname, Fas. ii. 6. tré-skapt, n. a wooden handle, Grett. 141. tré-skál, f. a wooden bowl, Dipl. iii. 4. tré-skjöldr, n. a wooden shield, Gþl. 105. tré-skrín, n. a wooden shrine, Landn. 51 (Hb.), Vm. 54. tré-smiðr, m. a craftsman in wood, carpenter, Bs. i. 858, Karl. 396, Rétt. 2. 10. tré-smíði, n. and tré-smíð, f. craft in wood, wood-carving, Bs. i. 680; hann (the steeple) bar eigi miðr af öllum trésmíðum á Íslandi en kirkjan sjálf, 132; hagr á trésmíði, Stj. 561. tré-spánn, m. wood-chips, Ó. H. tré-spjald, n. a wooden tablet, such as was used in binding books; forn bók í tréspjöldum, Ám. 35, Pm. 131, Vm. 126. tré-stabbi (tré-stobbi, Ó. H. 72; -stubbi, Fb. i. 433), a, m. = trédrumbr, Fms. vi. 179. tre-stokkr, m. the ‘stock of a tree,’ block of wood, Fms. ii. 75. tré-stólpi, a, m. a wooden pillar, Fb. ii. 87. tré-telgja, u, f. a wood-carver, a nickname, Yngl. S. tré-toppr, m. a tree-top, Al. 174. tré-virki, n. a wooden engine, Sks 425, Bs. i. 872. tré-þak, n. a timber roof, Bs. i. 163. tré-ör, f. a wooden arrow, as a signal, N.G,L. i. 102, Gþl. 83.II. plur., trjá-lauf, n. leaves of trees, Stj. trjá-heiti, n. pl. names of trees, Edda (Gl.) 85. -
14 VEIFA
(-ða, -t), v. to wave, swing (veifði hann Mjöllni morðgjörnum fram); veifði hann rœði, he pulled the oar;refl., veifast um lausum hala, to ‘wag a loose tail’, be free to do as one pleases.* * *ð, (mod. að), part. veifat, Fms. vii. 154 (in a verse); [A. S. wâfjan; Engl. wave]:—to wave, vibrate; veifði hann slæðunum, Nj. 190; veifa svipu yfir höfuð sér, Lv. 30; veifa höfðinu, Þiðr. 235; Ormr veifði honum um sik sem hreyti-speldi, Fb. i. 532; í því veifði hann sverðinu at Grími, Dropl. 36; veifði hann ræði, he pulled the oar, Hým. 25; veifa vængjum, to wave with the wings, Fas. ii. 137 (in a verse); veifa e-m sem barni, Fms. vii. 32; þeim var veift sólar-sinnis, Þorf. Karl. 422; veifði hann Mjöllni fram, Hým. 36; veifa héðni um höfuð e-m, of an enchantress, Eb. 92, cp. Ísl. ii. 76; hón veifði kofra sínum, Vígl. 63 new Ed. In the fishing-places in the south of Icel. (Skaptafells sýsla) a man stands on the shore waving a flag to tell the fishermen if it is safe to land or not; this is called ‘veifa,’ or ‘veifa frá,’ to wave off, i. e. to signal them not to try (Mr. Jón Guðmundsson).2. metaph., til þess kenndu vér þér þetta vers; at þú veifðir því þá er þér líkaði, Mar.II. reflex., veifask um lausum hala, to ‘wag a loose tail’, be free to do as one pleases, Sturl. iii. 30 (see hali 2).
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