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1 taina
1 adj. "lengthened, extended" TAY, "stretched, elongated" VT39:7, also noun "extension" in the compound ómataina, q.v. 2 noun sign, isolated from Tainacolli *Sign-bearer MR:385 -
2 racina
adj. "stripped, deprived"; this adj. is only attested in the pl. racinë "k". Compare rácina under rac- above. Cf. \#racina tengwë only pl. racinë tengwi "k" is attested "stripped sign", "deprived sign"; in early Elvish analysis of Quenya the term for a consonant with no following vowel; the vowel was held to have disappeared or been omitted VT39:6 -
3 tanna
1 noun "sign, token" MR:385, PE17:186, also tanwa PE17:186 2 pron. in allative "thither" VT14:5, PE16:96; evidently to be understood as the allative of ta \#2: "to that place". Compare tar and locative tassë. -
4 tengwa
pl. tengwar is attested 1 noun "letter" Tengwa ñ is defined as "any one visible sign representing theoretically any one audible teñgwe" phoneme VT39:17. In non-technical usage tengwa was equivalent to "consonant", since only the consonants were full signs WJ:396, TEK. In the Etymologies, tengwa was apparently emended from tengwë VT46:17. -
5 tengwë
pl. tengwi attested noun "indication, sign, token", in linguistics used for phonemes VT39:7, WJ:394; hloníti tengwi "phonetic signs" WJ:395. The term tengwë was particularly associated with consonants VT39:16. In the Etymologies, stem TEK, tengwë is glossed "writing"; this gloss would seem to be obsolete for this meaning the word sarmë occurs in Tolkien's later material. -
6 tehta
noun "mark, sign" TEK, VT39:17, Appendix E, especially diacritics denoting vowels in Fëanorian writing pl. tehtar is attested; these diacritics are explicitly called ómatehtar "vowel-marks", q.v. -
7 narwë
and short nar, unless this is an incomplete form noun "sign, token" VT45:37 -
8 náva-tengwë
noun*"mouth-sign" = "consonant" considered as a phoneme only pl. náva-tengwi "ñáva-" is attested. Also \#návëa. Fëanor later substituted the term \#pataca VT39:8 -
9 tanwa
noun sign, token Tolkien marked this word with a query, but it is not clearly rejected. Also tanna \#1. PE17:186 -
10 quanta
1 "q" adj. "full" KWAT, Narqelion, VT39:8, VT43:28, filled, full PE17:68; the gloss filled would suggest that quanta can be regarded as a passive participle of quat- q.v. In these phrases: quanta sarmë "full writing", writing with separate letters for vowels VT39:8; \#quanta tengwë "full sign" only pl. quantë tengwi is attested, in early Elvish analysis of Quenya the term for a consonant + a vowel then analyzed as a kind of unitary phoneme rather than two phonemes; hence a stem like mata- "eat" was analyzed as two quantë tengwi, namely ma + ta. VT39:5 -
11 Tancol
"k" noun "Signifer", "the significant star" = Venus MR:385. The literal meaning is apparently *sign-bearer, cf. tanna \#1 and \#col-. -
12 -n
1 dative ending, originating as a reduced form of -nă to, related to the allative ending -nna VT49:14. Attested in nin, men, ten, enyalien, Erun, airefëan, tárin, yondon q.v. and also added to the English name Elaine Elainen in a book dedication to Elaine Griffiths VT49:40. The longer dative ending -na is also attested in connection with some pronouns, such as sena, téna, véna q.v., also in the noun mariéna from márië goodness PE17:59. Pl. -in as in hínin, see hína, partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt Plotz. The preposition ana \#1 is said to be used when purely dative formula is required PE17:147, perhaps meaning that it can replace the dative ending, e.g. *ana Eru instead of Erun for to God. In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the ending -n or -en expressed genitive rather than dative, but he later decided that the genitive ending was to be -o cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren becoming Yénië Valinórëo, MR:200. 2, also -nyë, pronominal ending, 1st person sg. "I" VT49:51, as in utúlien "I am come" EO, cainen I lay VT48:12-13, carin or carinyë I do VT49:16, veryanen *I married VT49:45. See also VT49:48. Long form -nye- with object ending -s it following in utúvienyes see tuv-. A possible attestation of -n in object position me is provided by the untranslated verbal form tankassen PE17:76, where -n may be preceded by -sse- as a longer form of the 3rd person sg. ending -s see -s \#1. 3 a plural sign used in some of the case endings WJ:407: Pl. genitive -on, pl. ablative -llon but also -llor, pl. locative -ssen.
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