-
1 wincë
short form of winicë, q.v. -
2 Ingwë
masc. name, "chief", name of the "prince of Elves" PM:340, ING, WEG, VT45:18. Pl. Ingwer "Chieftains", what the Vanyar called themselves so in PM:340, but in PM:332 the plural has the more regular form Ingwi. Ingwë Ingweron "chief of the chieftains", proper title of Ingwë as high king PM:340. In the Etymologies, Ingwë is also said to be the name of a symbol used in writing: a short carrier with an i-tehta above it, denoting short i VT45:18. -
3 ná
1 vb. "is" am. Nam, RGEO:67. This is the copula used to join adjectives, nouns or pronouns in statements or wishes asserting or desiring a thing to have certain quality, or to be the same as another VT49:28. Also in impersonal constructions: ringa ná it is cold VT49:23. The copula may however be omitted where the meaning is clear without it VT49:9. Ná is also used as an interjection yes or it is so VT49:28. Short na in airë na, " is holy" VT43:14; some subject can evidently be inserted in the place of. Short na also functions as imperative: alcar mi tarmenel una/u Erun "glory in high heaven ube/u to God" VT44:32/34, also na airë "be holy" VT43:14; also cf. nai be it that see nai \#1. The imperative participle á may be prefixed á na, PE17:58. However, VT49:28 cites ná as the imperative form. Pl. nar or nár are" PE15:36, VT49:27, 9, 30; dual nát VT49:30. With pronominal endings: nányë/nanyë I am, nalyë or natyë you sg. are polite and familiar, respectively, nás it is, násë she is, nalmë we are VT49:27, 30. Some forms listed in VT49:27 are perhaps to be taken as representing the aorist: nain, naityë, nailyë 1st person sg, and 2nd person familiar/polite, respectively; does a followingna represent the aorist with no pronominal ending? However, the forms nanyë, nalyë, ná, nassë, nalme, nar changed from nár are elsewhere said to be aorist, without the extra vowel i e.g. nalyë rather than nailyë; also notice that *she is is here nassë rather than násë VT49:30.Pa.t. nánë or né was, pl. náner/nér and dual nét were VT49:6, 9, 10, 27, 28, 30, 36. According to VT49:31, né was cannot receive pronominal endings though nésë he was is attested elsewhere, VT49:28-29, and such endings are rather added to the form ane-, e.g. anen I was, anel you were, anes she/it was VT49:28-29. Future tense nauva "will be" VT42:34, VT49:19, 27; another version however gives the future tense as uva, VT49:30. Nauva with a pronominal ending occurs in tanomë nauvan I will be there VT49:19, this example indicating that forms of the verb ná may also be used to indicate position. Perfect anaië has been VT49:27, first written as anáyë. Infinitive or gerund návë being, PE17:68. See also nai \#1. 2, also nán, conj. "but, on the contrary, on the other hand" NDAN; the form nan, q.v., is probably to be preferred to avoid confusion with ná "is", *nán "I am". -
4 -t
1 dual ending, on nouns denoting a pair of something: attat "2 fathers or neighbours" VT48:19; see atto, máryat "her pair of hands" Nam, siryat "two rivers" VT47:11, ciriat "2 ships" Letters:427 read ciryat as in the Plotz Letter?, maquat "group of ten" from maqua, meaning among other things "group of five" VT47:7, nápat "thumb and index as a pair" VT48:5, also compare met "us two" as the dual form of me "us" Nam, VT47:11. Other dual endings known from the Plotz letter: genitive -to, possessive -twa, dative -nt, locative -tsë, allative -nta, ablative -lto, instrumental -nten, plus -tes as a possible short locative. It may be that these endings only apply to nouns that would have nominative dual forms in -t, and that nouns preferring the alternative dual ending -u would simply add the otherwise "singular" case endings to this vowel, e.g. *Alduo rather than ?Alduto as the genitive form of "Two Trees" Aldu. The ending -t is also used as a verbal inflection, corresponding to pl. -r elen atta siluvaut/u, two stars shall shine, VT49:45; the verb carit do would also be used with a dual subject, VT49:16; cf. also the endings listed in VT49:48, 50. 2 "them", pronominal ending; seen in the word laituvalmet "we shall bless them" lait-uva-lme-t "bless-shall-we-them". According to PE17:110, this -t covers both sg. and dual. Also independent word te pl. and tú dual possibly *tu when unstressed. 3 reduced pronominal affix of the 2. person, "you" sg., the long form being -tyë both endings are listed in VT49:48. See heca regarding the example hecat WJ:364. However, in a later source, Tolkien denies that -tyë has any short form VT49:51, 57. The status of the ending -t is therefore doubtful. -
5 ré
noun "day" of the sun, a full 24-hour cycle Appendix D composed of aurë day, daylight and lómë night VT49:45. Short -rë in compounds like Ringarë q.v.. Allative rénna VT49:45. -
6 Canafinwë
masc. name "strong-voiced or ?commanding Finwë"; his Sindarin name was Maglor see Macalaurë. Short Quenya name Cáno. PM:352 -
7 sí
adv. "now" Nam, RGEO:67, LR:47, SD:310, VT43:34, VT49:18, PE17:94, sin SI, LR:47 or sín SD:247, 310 before vowels. Compare the distribution of a/an in English, though in his Quenya version of Hail Mary, Tolkien used sí also before a vowel sí ar "now and", VT43:28. Si, a short or incompletely annotated form of sí VT43:26, 34. In Fíriel's Song, sí is translated "here". -
8 é
adverbial particle "indeed" that may be prefixed to a sentence VT45:11. Short e in the sentence e man antaváro? "what will he give indeed?" LR:63. -
9 Telufinwë
noun "Last Finwë", masc. name; he was called Amras in Sindarin. Short Quenya name Telvo. PM:353 -
10 nuhta-
vb. "stunt, prevent from coming to completion, stop short, not allow to continue" WJ:413 -
11 Nelyafinwë
noun "Finwë third" after the original Finwë and Curufinwë = Fëanor, masc. name; he was called Maedhros in Sindarin. Short Quenya name Nelyo. PM:352 -
12 ar
1 conj. "and" ARsup2/sup, SA, FS, Nam, RGEO:67, CO, LR:47, 56, MC:216, VT43:31, VT44:10, 34; see VT47:31 for etymology, cf. also VT49:25, 40. The older form of the conjunction was az PE17:41. Ar is often assimilated to al, as before l, s PE17:41, 71, but in written Quenya ar was usually written in all cases PE17:71. In one case, Tolkien altered the phrase ar larmar and raiments to al larmar; the former may then be seen as representing the spelling, whereas the latter represents the pronunciation PE17:175. More complex schemes of assimilation are suggested to have existed in Old Quenya, the conjunction varying between ar, a and as depending on the following consonant PE17:41, 71. An alternative longer form of the conjunction, arë, is said to occur "occasionally in Tolkien's later writings" VT43:31, cf. VT48:14. In the Etymologies, the word for "and" was first written as ara VT45:6. In one source, Tolkien notes that Quenya used ar as preposition beside, next, or as adverb = and PE17:145; compare ara. 2 noun "day" PE17:148, apparently short for árë,occurring in the names of the Valinorean week listed below. Tolkien indicated that ar in these names could also be arë when the following element begins in a consonant VT45:27. Usually the word for "day" in LotR-style Quenya is rather aurë or ré, q.v. -
13 Anar
noun "Sun" ANÁR, NARsup1/sup, SA:nár; UT:22 cf. 51; anar "a sun" Markirya; Anarinya "my Sun" FS. See also ceuranar, Úr-anar. According to VT45:6, Tolkien in the Etymologies mentioned anar "sun" as the name of the short vowel carrier of the Tengwar writing system; it would be the first letter if anar is written in Quenya mode Tengwar. Compounded in the masc. name Anárion *"Sun-son" Isildur's brother, also the Númenorean king Tar-Anárion, UT:210; also in Anardil *"Sun-friend" Appendix A, a name also occurring in the form Anardilya with a suffix of endearment UT:174, 418. Anarya noun second day of the Eldarin six-day week, dedicated to the Sun Appendix D. Anarríma name of a constellation: *"Sun-border"??? Silm; cf. ríma -
14 tó
1 noun "wool" TOW 2 adv. thence for *tao, the pronoun ta that, it with the genitive ending -o, here used in an ablativic sense. Also talo, with -lo as a short form of the ablative ending -llo. VT49:29, 11 -
15 Rómen
noun "east" RŌ, MEN, SA:men, "uprising, sunrise, east" SA:rómen; also name of tengwa \#25 Appendix E. Possessive form rómenwa PE17:59.Variant hrómen, PE17:18. Rómenna, a place in the eastern part of Númenor, is simply the allative "eastward" SA:rómen, cf. also rómenna in LR:47, 56. Ablative Rómello "from the East" or "to one from the East", hence Tolkien's translation "to those from the East" in his rendering of Namárië Nam, RGEO:67, PE17:59; Romello with a short o in VT49:32. Masc. name Rómendacil "East-victor" Appendix A; cf. Letters:425. Masc. name Rómestámo, Rómenstar "East-helper" PM:384, 391; probably ?Rómenstar must always become Rómestar, but Tolkien cited the form as Rómenstar to indicate the connection with rómen "east" -
16 loica
k adj. failing, short, inadequate etc. PE17:151 -
17 Manwë
noun "Blessed Being" Letters:283, the Elder King and Lord of the Valar, spouse of Varda. The name is adopted and adapted from Valarin Mānawenūz; names ending in -wë were already frequent in Quenya WJ:399. In the Etymologies derived from MAN, WEG.Cf. Mánwen, Mánwë the oldest Quenya forms of Manwë, closer to the Valarin form WJ:399. Lower-case manwë in LR:56. Ablative Manwello, VT49:24 in this source Tolkien indicated that lo Manwë is the preferred way of saying from Manwë, but this was apparently a short-lived idea; see lo. Masc. name Manwendil "Manwë-friend; one devoted to Manwë" UT:210. In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, Manwë was also the name of letter \#22 VT45:32, which tengwa Tolkien would later call vala instead changing its Quenya value from m to v. -
18 Lalwendë
also short Lalwen noun "Laughing Maiden", fem. name PM:343 -
19 ecet
"k" noun "short broad-bladed sword" UT:284 -
20 senna(þ)
cf. older form thenna adj. short PE17:185. This is a later TLT variant of sinta.
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