short+fibre

The finest of worsted yarns, and used for the best fabrics. A term applied to fine Australian wools of best quality. The fibre is fairly short and curly and has a large number of waves and serrations to the inch. (The term was originally applied to merino wool grown near Botany Bay, Australia). Today the terms " Botany " and " Merino " mean the same thing, viz., the fine, wavy wool clipped from the merino sheep. In the trade it is usual to refer to these fine wools as merino, while in the raw state, and as botany during processing and afterwards.

A German war time substitute made, it is reported, on the principle of artificial silk, the fibre being cut into short lengths and spun like cotton. It is also reported that it is made by squeezing wood-pulp under high pressure, through small holes in plates.

These are spun from good quality cotton waste, in counts from 5's to 10's, and largely used as weft for cotton blankets, low quality shirtings, quilts repps tussores, etc. They are short in fibre and soft spun from waste such as cop bottoms, reelers and winders waste, etc. When fabrics containing condenser weft spun from such waste are raised, the finish is much better than if preparation waste is used. The yarn is thick, soft and covers well, but contains many impurities.

A short staple commercial variety of early maturing American cotton; the fibre is about ³/₄-in. long, and the yield of lint is 32 to 34 per cent. The bolls are medium size and round.

(See knitting). All yarns used for knitting are termed hosiery yarns in Leicester, but in America only yarns actually used for knitted footwear come under this term. These yarns are much softer than required for weaving. Miscellaneous Yarns - Goat wools, such as llama and alpaca are employed in spinning. yarns for the knitting trade. Vicuna and camel yarns are used to a limited extent. Ramie yarn is specially employed for knitting gas mantle fabrics. Soft spun flax yams have been used for making underwear fabric. Chenille and other manufactured threads are used to a small extent in warp knitting. Composite yarns, such as union yarns - spun from a mixture of wool and cotton fibres; cordon yarns - cotton and worsted singles, doubled together; wool and rayon or spun silk, cotton and rayon or spun silk are largely used to produce self or two-colour effects. Fancy yarns, such as slub yams, voiles, and curled and loop yarns are also employed. Hosiery Yarns (Cotton) include condenser, hosiery, condenser lisle thread, mercerised and sewing cottons. Condenser yarns are spun in coarse counts from low-grade cotton, Indian and American. They are carded, condensed and mule spun, and possess little twist. Hosiery cotton yarns vary considerably in counts and qualities, practically all varieties of Indian, American and Egyptian being used in varying proportions to obtain suitable mixture for quality and price. Cheaper yarns are carded and mule spun. American and Egyptian cotton yarns are combed mainly with the object of removing seed particles. High-class Egyptian and Sea Islands cotton yarns are super-combed. The chief features of a hosiery cotton yam should be: (1) Regularity; (2) cleanliness; (3) fullness. Regularity prevents the making of cloudy fabric, showing thick and thin places. Cleanliness is essential, as the seed particles clog the eyelet hole in the yam guides and cause breakages. Fullness is desirable to cover the loop interstices. Elasticity and pliability are quite as essential as tensile strength. Yams are usually soft spun and if two-fold soft doubled, average twists in two-fold being 2/10's 6¹/₂T., 2/20's 8¹/₂T., 2/30's 10T., 2/40's 16T., 2/80's 20T. Softer twist less 25 to 30 per cent of average (T= turns per inch). Lisle thread is a comparatively hard-twisted and doubly-gassed thread in which there are no projecting fibres. It is always of a two-fold character, and the doubling twist varies from 24 to 34 turns per inch in 2/60's. It is used largely in the manufacture of ladies' hose tops and feet and for lace hosiery. Mercerised yams are used largely in the fancy trade, a comparatively soft twist again being employed. Sewing cottons for seaming, linking and making-up are specially prepared in two to six cord open and reverse twist. Woollen and Worsted Yarns include lamb's wool, wheeling, skein yarns, gala yams (woollens), worsted, crossbreds, fingering, cashmere, dry spun botany (see under each name). Worsted and crossbred yarns of various qualities are used. These yams are spun softly with " hosiery twist." The drawing may be open, cone or French, and the spinning may take place on cap, ring or flyer frames. The chief essentials of hosiery yarn are softness of fibre, fullness, minimum of twist consistent with the requisite tensile strength, regularity, pliability and elasticity. Cashmere Yarns, as used in the knitted goods industry, are spun from short, loose and weak wools as well as from better qualities by French drawing and mule spinning. A small proportion of real cashmere is used for outer garments. In recent years nylon yarns have been largely employed.

A variety grown in Senegal, West Africa, having a very short and harsh fibre.

Large-sized cotton matting for floor covering. They are made in India from coarse native yarns in blue and white stripes, hand woven, using short horizontal warps, each warp forming one mat. Hemp, jute and aloe fibre yarns are also used as weft. " Satrangi " is the native word in India for carpet, and formerly wool and pile carpets, some of which were ornamented with gold and silver, had this term.

A woollen finish which is more or less close and is not a clear finish, but the cloth has a short pile of fibre left on the face. The operations consist of fulling, rolling, stretching, gigging, shearing, brushing and pressing.

Wools of the highest class, their fineness and regularity of fibre is unequalled. They have excellent clothing properties, the fibres are full of serrations, the staple is short, the wool is elastic, having good felting powers and is of good colour. It is used in making the best woollen fabrics.

The fine, lustrous fibre obtained from several species of cotton tree (Bombax Ceiba) found growing in South America and the West Indies. The seed capsules give this soft and glossy down which is too short and springy for spinning. Used for stuffing although it is believed to be objectionable to lie upon (see Kapok and Mockmain)

This sheep is one of the short-wool classes. Its black face is a striking characteristic. The fleece, which averages about 5-lb., consists of wool of good quality and fine fibre which is largely used in the hosiery trade.

1. Grobkurzhaar

1. подход (порок шерсти)