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101 farm
[fɑːm] 1. ngospodarstwo nt (rolne); ( specialist) farma f2. vtland uprawiaćPhrasal Verbs:- farm out* * *1. noun1) (an area of land, including buildings, used for growing crops, breeding and keeping cows, sheep, pigs etc: Much of England is good agricultural land and there are many farms.) gospodarstwo (rolne)2) (the farmer's house and the buildings near it in such a place: We visited the farm; ( also adjective) a farm kitchen.) zagroda2. verb(to cultivate (the land) in order to grow crops, breed and keep animals etc: He farms (5,000 acres) in the south.) uprawiać, hodować- farmer- farming
- farmhouse
- farmyard -
102 farm
1. noun1) (an area of land, including buildings, used for growing crops, breeding and keeping cows, sheep, pigs etc: Much of England is good agricultural land and there are many farms.) ferma; saimniecība2) (the farmer's house and the buildings near it in such a place: We visited the farm; ( also adjective) a farm kitchen.) lauku mājas2. verb(to cultivate (the land) in order to grow crops, breed and keep animals etc: He farms (5,000 acres) in the south.) apstrādāt zemi- farmer- farming
- farmhouse
- farmyard* * *saimniecība, ferma; lauku mājas; apstrādāt zemi; nodarboties ar lauksaimniecību; iznomāt; ņemt audzināšanā bērnus -
103 farm
1. noun1) (an area of land, including buildings, used for growing crops, breeding and keeping cows, sheep, pigs etc: Much of England is good agricultural land and there are many farms.) ūkis, ferma2) (the farmer's house and the buildings near it in such a place: We visited the farm; ( also adjective) a farm kitchen.) sodyba2. verb(to cultivate (the land) in order to grow crops, breed and keep animals etc: He farms (5,000 acres) in the south.) dirbti žemę, ūkininkauti- farmer- farming
- farmhouse
- farmyard -
104 farm
n. gård, lantbruk, farm--------v. bruka (jorden); ha eget jordbruk; arrendera; arrendera ut* * *1. noun1) (an area of land, including buildings, used for growing crops, breeding and keeping cows, sheep, pigs etc: Much of England is good agricultural land and there are many farms.) lantbruk, jordbruk, farm2) (the farmer's house and the buildings near it in such a place: We visited the farm; ( also adjective) a farm kitchen.) bondgård, lantgård2. verb(to cultivate (the land) in order to grow crops, breed and keep animals etc: He farms (5,000 acres) in the south.) bruka, odla- farmer- farming
- farmhouse
- farmyard -
105 farm
1. noun1) (an area of land, including buildings, used for growing crops, breeding and keeping cows, sheep, pigs etc: Much of England is good agricultural land and there are many farms.) farma, statek2) (the farmer's house and the buildings near it in such a place: We visited the farm; ( also adjective) a farm kitchen.) statek; selský2. verb(to cultivate (the land) in order to grow crops, breed and keep animals etc: He farms (5,000 acres) in the south.) obdělávat, hospodařit- farmer- farming
- farmhouse
- farmyard* * *• statek• hospodařit• farma• obdělávat -
106 farm
1. noun1) (an area of land, including buildings, used for growing crops, breeding and keeping cows, sheep, pigs etc: Much of England is good agricultural land and there are many farms.) farma, majetok2) (the farmer's house and the buildings near it in such a place: We visited the farm; ( also adjective) a farm kitchen.) statok2. verb(to cultivate (the land) in order to grow crops, breed and keep animals etc: He farms (5,000 acres) in the south.) obrábať- farmer- farming
- farmhouse
- farmyard* * *• útulok• zaplatit poplatok• sedliacit• starat sa (za úplatu)• statok• prenájom (výnosu)• gazdovstvo• farmárit• farma• hospodárit• hospodárstvo• hospodársky• chovat (domáce zvieratá)• polnohospodáska usadlost• majetok• obrábat (pôdu)• obrábat -
107 trz|oda
f flock- trzoda owiec/kóz a flock of goats/sheep- trzoda chlewna pigs- hodowla trzody chlewnej pig farmingThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > trz|oda
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108 farm
1. noun1) (an area of land, including buildings, used for growing crops, breeding and keeping cows, sheep, pigs etc: Much of England is good agricultural land and there are many farms.) fermă2) (the farmer's house and the buildings near it in such a place: We visited the farm; ( also adjective) a farm kitchen.) fermă2. verb(to cultivate (the land) in order to grow crops, breed and keep animals etc: He farms (5,000 acres) in the south.) a cultiva- farmer- farming
- farmhouse
- farmyard -
109 мелкий
1) ( малых размеров) smallме́лкие я́блоки — small apples
ме́лкие черты́ лица́ — small features
ме́лкий рога́тый скот — sheep and goats pl
ме́лким шри́фтом — in small print
2) ( состоящий из малых частиц) fineме́лкий песо́к — fine sand
3) ( незначительный) smallме́лкие расхо́ды — incidental / petty expenses, incidentals
ме́лкая кра́жа — petty theft; юр. petty larseny
ме́лкий ремо́нт — minor repairs pl
4) ( экономически маломощный) small, pettyме́лкое хозя́йство — small / petty farming
ме́лкое произво́дство — small / small-scale production
ме́лкий со́бственник — small owner
ме́лкая буржуази́я — petty bourgeoisie [bʊəʒwɑː'ziː]
5) ( занимающий невысокое служебное положение) minorме́лкий чино́вник — minor official; small fry пренебр.
6) ( неглубокий) shallowме́лкий руче́й — shallow stream
ме́лкая таре́лка — dinner plate
7) (несильный, но частый)ме́лкая дрожь — quavering shiver(s) ['ʃɪ-]; quiver ['kwɪ-]
ме́лкий дождь — drizzling rain, drizzle
ме́лкой ры́сью — at a gentle easy trot разг.; at a dogtrot
8) (ничтожный, недостойный) petty; mean; (о человеке тж.) small-mindedме́лкая за́висть — petty spite
ме́лкая душо́нка — petty creature
как э́то ме́лко с твое́й стороны́! — how mean it is of you!
••ме́лкие де́ньги (мелочь) — (small) change sg, small coin sg; ( наличные на мелкие расходы) small cash sg
ме́лкая со́шка — small fry
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110 farm
1. noun1) (an area of land, including buildings, used for growing crops, breeding and keeping cows, sheep, pigs etc: Much of England is good agricultural land and there are many farms.) αγρόκτημα2) (the farmer's house and the buildings near it in such a place: We visited the farm; ( also adjective) a farm kitchen.) υποστατικό2. verb(to cultivate (the land) in order to grow crops, breed and keep animals etc: He farms (5,000 acres) in the south.)- farmer- farming
- farmhouse
- farmyard -
111 estancia
(Sp. model spelled same [estánsja] < estar < Latin stare 'to stand' or 'to be firm or immobile' plus the nominalizing suffix - ncia)Carlisle: 1897. A ranch in the Southwest, especially a large one. Hoy glosses it as a colonial term meaning "a Spanish land grant for running cattle or sheep." The DRAE references it as a residence or dwelling-place and its surrounding land. The DRAE also notes that in Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay it refers to a country ranch (hacienda) dedicated to farming and raising livestock. Islas defines it as the portion of a ranch in which the caporal and the cowboys are established, along with the head of cattle in their charge. Cobos indicates that in New Mexico and southern Colorado it is a small farm or a permanent homestead attached to a pasture. -
112 farm
1. noun1) (an area of land, including buildings, used for growing crops, breeding and keeping cows, sheep, pigs etc: Much of England is good agricultural land and there are many farms.) ferme2) (the farmer's house and the buildings near it in such a place: We visited the farm; ( also adjective) a farm kitchen.) ferme2. verb(to cultivate (the land) in order to grow crops, breed and keep animals etc: He farms (5,000 acres) in the south.) cultiver- farmer- farming - farmhouse - farmyard -
113 farm
1. noun1) (an area of land, including buildings, used for growing crops, breeding and keeping cows, sheep, pigs etc: Much of England is good agricultural land and there are many farms.) fazenda2) (the farmer's house and the buildings near it in such a place: We visited the farm; ( also adjective) a farm kitchen.) fazenda2. verb(to cultivate (the land) in order to grow crops, breed and keep animals etc: He farms (5,000 acres) in the south.) cultivar- farmer- farming - farmhouse - farmyard -
114 Agriculture
Historically, Portugal's agricultural efficiency, measured in terms of crop yields and animal productivity, has been well below that of other European countries. Agricultural inefficiency is a consequence of Portugal's topography and climate, which varies considerably from north to south and has influenced farm size and farming methods. There are three major agricultural zones: the north, center, and south. The north (the area between the Douro and Minho Rivers, including the district of Trás-os-Montes) is mountainous with a wet (180-249 cm of rainfall/year), moderately cool climate. It contains about 2 million hectares of cultivated land excessively fragmented into tiny (3-5 hectares) family-owned farms, or minifúndios, a consequence of ancient settlement patterns, a strong attachment to the land, and the tradition of subdividing land equally among family members. The farms in the north produce the potatoes and kale that are used to make caldo verde soup, a staple of the Portuguese diet, and the grapes that are used to make vinho verde (green wine), a light sparkling white wine said to aid the digestion of oily and greasy food. Northern farms are too small to benefit from mechanization and their owners too poor to invest in irrigation, chemical fertilizers, or better seeds; hence, agriculture in the north has remained labor intensive, despite efforts to regroup minifúndios to increase farm size and efficiency.The center (roughly between the Douro and the Tagus River) is bisected by the Mondego River, the land to either side of which is some of the most fertile in Portugal and produces irrigated rice, corn, grapes, and forest goods on medium-sized (about 100 hectares) farms under a mixture of owner-cultivation and sharecropping. Portugal's center contains the Estrela Mountains, where sheep raising is common and wool, milk, and cheese are produced, especially mountain cheese ( Queijo da Serra), similar to French brie. In the valley of the Dão River, a full-bodied, fruity wine much like Burgundy is produced. In the southern part of the center, where the climate is dry and soils are poor, stock raising mixes with cereal crop cultivation. In Estremadura, the area north of Lisbon, better soils and even rainfall support intensive agriculture. The small farms of this area produce lemons, strawberries, pears, quinces, peaches, and vegetables. Estremadura also produces red wine at Colares and white wine at Buçelas.The south (Alentejo and Algarve) is a vast rolling plain with a hot arid climate. It contains about 2.6 million hectares of arable land and produces the bulk of Portugal's wheat and barley. It also produces one of Portugal's chief exports, cork, which is made from bark cut from cork oaks at nine-year intervals. There are vast groves of olive trees around the towns of Elvas, Serpa, and Estremoz that provide Portugal's olives. The warm climate of the Algarve (the most southern region of Portugal) is favorable for the growing of oranges, pomegranates, figs, and carobs. Almonds are also produced. Farms in the south, except for the Algarve, are large estates (typically 1,000 hectares or more in size) known as latifúndios, worked by a landless, wage-earning rural work force. After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, these large estates were taken over by the state and turned into collective farms. During the 1990s, as the radicalism of the Revolution moderated, collectivized agriculture was seen as counterproductive, and the nationalized estates were gradually returned to their original owners in exchange for cash payments or small parcels of land for the collective farm workers.Portugal adopted the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) when it joined the European Union (EU) in 1986. The CAP, which is based on the principles of common pricing, EU preferences, and joint financing, has shifted much of Portugal's agricultural decision making to the EU. Under the CAP, cereals and dairy products have experienced declines in prices because these are in chronic surplus within the EU. Alentejo wheat production has become unprofitable because of poor soils. However, rice, tomatoes, sunflower, and safflower seed and potatoes, as well as Portuguese wines, have competed well under the CAP system.
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