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41 линии
lines
– вешение линии
– интенсивность линии
– настройка линии
– пересекающиеся линии
– тип линии
– шаг винтовой линии
– шунтом к линии
аэроснимок без захвата линии горизонта перспективный — <phot.> low-oblique aerial photograph
аэроснимок с захватом линии горизонта перспективный — <phot.> high-oblique aerial photograph
включать шунтом к линии — connect across line
включение в гнездо занятой линии — overplugging
возбудитель стабилизованной линии — < radio> resonant-line oscillator
временное уплотнение линии связи — time-division multiplex
длина геодезической линии — geodetic distance
добротность спектральной линии — spectral line Q-factor
доводить до проектной линии — bring to grade
защита линии контрольными проводами — pilot-wire relaying
измеритель неоднородности линии — < radio> reflection measuring set
интенсивность линии спектра — spectral line strength
искание свободной междугородной линии — trunk hunting
камера кабельной линии — cable line cell
компенсатор на линии задержки — delay line equalizer
короткое замыкание на линии — permanent loop
корпус линии задержки — <engin.> tank
коэффициент занятия линии — line occupancy
менять линии электропередачи — re-string a power line
отклонятся от отвесной линии — get out of plumb
передача по абонентской линии — loop transmission
поверхность вращения цепной линии — catenoid
прокладка линии пути — track plotting
прокладка линии пути на карте — track charting
располагаться на одной линии — be in line with
соприкосновение происходит в линии — have line contact
сопротивление линии волновое — < radio> characteristic impedance, line characteristic
толщина чертежной линии — weight of line
трасса линии электропередачи — line route
уплотнение линии связи — multi-channel operation, <commun.> multiplexing
участок радиорелейной линии — hop of radio-relay link
уширение спектральной линии — line spreading
частотное уплотнение линии связи — frequency-division multiplex
шаг средней винтовой линии — lead of screw thread
ширина линии излучения лазера — laser linewidth
ширина линии излучения мазера — maser linewidth
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42 толщина
4) Naval: spissitude5) Medicine: thickness index (эритроцитов)6) Engineering: caliper (бумаги, картона), depth (пласта; облачности), (стенки трубы и т.п.) schedule (в британском техническом английском языке), throat (сварного шва), (пильного полотна) gage7) Construction: bulk9) Automobile industry: caliber10) Forestry: diameter, gage (полотна пилы), gauge (полотна пилы)15) Polymers: build (сухой плёнки), gauge (проволоки, листа, пластины), size16) Makarov: caliber (листа), calibre (листа), caliper (листа), gage (листового металла), thick18) Combustion gas turbines: layer -
43 räumlich
I Adj. spatial, space...; (dreidimensional) three-dimensional; räumliche Aufteilung spatial division; räumliche Enge cramped conditions Pl.; räumliche Wirkung eines Bildes: depth, three-dimensionality; räumliches Sehen three-dimensional vision; räumlicher Klang stereophonic soundII Adv.: räumlich sehen see things three-dimensionally; räumlich sehr beengt cramped (for space); räumlich gefällt mir die Wohnung I like the layout of the flat (Am. apartment)* * *spatial* * *räum|lich ['rɔymlɪç]1. adj1) (= den Raum betreffend) spatialrä́úmliche Verhältnisse — physical conditions
rä́úmliche Nähe — physical closeness, spatial proximity
rä́úmliche Entfernung — physical distance
2) (= dreidimensional) three-dimensionalrä́úmliches Anschauungsvermögen — capacity to think in three dimensions
2. adv1)sich rä́úmlich beschränken — to make do with very little room
wir haben rä́úmlich keine Probleme — we have no problem with room
wir wohnen rä́úmlich sehr beengt — we live in very cramped conditions
2)(= dreidimensional)
rä́úmlich sehen — to see in three dimensions, to see three-dimensionallyMenschen, die auf einem Auge blind sind, können nicht rä́úmlich sehen —
ich kann mir das nicht rä́úmlich vorstellen — I can't really picture it
* * *(having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) solid* * *räum·lich[ˈrɔymlɪç]I. adj1. (den Raum betreffend) spatialin großer \räumlicher Entfernung a long way away\räumliche Nähe physical proximity\räumliche Gegebenheiten spacious conditions [or set-up2. (dreidimensional) three-dimensionaldas \räumliche Sehvermögen the ability to see things in three dimensions [or three-dimensionallyII. adv1. (platzmäßig) spatially\räumlich [sehr] beengt [o beschränkt] sein to be [very] cramped for space2. (dreidimensional) three-dimensionally* * *1.1) (den Raum betreffend) spatial2.1) spatially2) (dreidimensional) three-dimensionally* * *räumliche Aufteilung spatial division;räumliche Enge cramped conditions pl;räumliche Wirkung eines Bildes: depth, three-dimensionality;räumliches Sehen three-dimensional vision;räumlicher Klang stereophonic soundB. adv:räumlich sehen see things three-dimensionally;räumlich sehr beengt cramped (for space);räumlich gefällt mir die Wohnung I like the layout of the flat (US apartment)* * *1.1) (den Raum betreffend) spatial2.1) spatially2) (dreidimensional) three-dimensionally* * *adj.spacious adj.spatial adj.through adj. adv.spatially adv. -
44 mediana2
2 = central reservation, median, median strip, centre reservation.Ex. He lived in a tent pitched on the central reservation of the Wolverhampton ring road for over 30 years.Ex. But the medians have shrunk the width of the roads, leading to dangerous overtakings.Ex. Median strips across the state are set for a permanently green facelift.Ex. Otherwise, national speed limit on carriageways with no centre reservation is 60mph.----* mediana de la carretera = road median, centre reservation, median, median strip. -
45 mediana
adj.&f.feminine of MEDIANO.f.1 central reservation (British), median (strip) (United States) (highway).2 median (Mat).3 median strip.* * *1 MATEMÁTICAS median2 (de la carretera) central reservation3 (cerveza en Cataluña) bottle of beer containing a third of a litre* * *f., (m. - mediano)* * *SF1) (Aut) central reservation, median (EEUU)2) (Mat) median* * *1) (Mat) median2) (Auto) median strip (AmE), central reservation (BrE)* * *1) (Mat) median2) (Auto) median strip (AmE), central reservation (BrE)* * *mediana11 = median, median number, median rank.Ex: The citation frequency distribution followed a negative exponential distribution for 1972-1982, with the median citation age of 3 years.
Ex: The median number of authors per paper was 4.Ex: Journals in biomedical fields rank in the top quartile of the Science Citation Index with a median rank of 241.mediana22 = central reservation, median, median strip, centre reservation.Ex: He lived in a tent pitched on the central reservation of the Wolverhampton ring road for over 30 years.
Ex: But the medians have shrunk the width of the roads, leading to dangerous overtakings.Ex: Median strips across the state are set for a permanently green facelift.Ex: Otherwise, national speed limit on carriageways with no centre reservation is 60mph.* mediana de la carretera = road median, centre reservation, median, median strip.* * *A ( Mat) median* * *
mediana sustantivo femenino (Auto) median strip (AmE), central reservation (BrE)
mediano,-a
I adjetivo
1 (tamaño) medium-sized
2 (calidad, estatura) average
3 (hermano) middle
II sustantivo masculino y femenino the middle one
mediana sustantivo femenino
1 Auto central reservation
2 Mat median
' mediana' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
CEPYME
- ciudad
- edad
- estatura
- mediano
- talla
English:
M
- median
- middle age
- middle-aged
- midlife
- average
- central reservation
- medium
- middle
* * *mediana nf1. [en autopista] Br central reservation, US median (strip)2. Geom median* * *f AUTO median strip, Brcentral reservation -
46 limité
limite [limit]1. feminine nounlimit ; [de pays, jardin] boundary• ma patience a des limites ! there's a limit to my patience!• la bêtise a des limites ! you can only be so stupid!• il dépasse les limites ! he's going too far!• à la limite, j'accepterais 500 €, mais pas moins at a pinch, I'd take 500 euros but no less• jusqu'à la limite de ses forces to the point of exhaustion► dans + limite(s)• « dans la limite des stocks disponibles » "while stocks last"• dans les limites du possible/du sujet within the limits of what is possible/of the subject• l'entrée est gratuite dans la limite des places disponibles admission is free subject to availability2. adjectivea. ( = extrême) cas limite borderline case• âge/hauteur limite maximum age/heightb. ( = juste) (inf) elle a réussi son examen, mais c'était limite she passed her exam, but only just• ils ne se sont pas battus, mais c'était limite they didn't actually come to blows but they came fairly close3. adverb* * *limit
1.
1) ( ligne de séparation) border2) ( partie extrême) (de domaine, terrain) boundary; (de forêt, village) edge3) ( borne) limitvraiment, il dépasse les limites! — he's really going too far!
à la limite, je préférerais qu'il refuse — I'd almost prefer it if he refused
4) ( bord)5) ( cadre)dans une certaine limite — up to a point, to a certain extent
dans la limite de, dans les limites de — within the limits of
accepter des spectateurs dans la limite des places disponibles — to admit spectators subject to the availability of seats
2.
(-)limite (in compounds)Phrasal Verbs:* * *limit1. nf1) [terrain] boundary2) (= partie ou point extrême) limitsans limites (bêtise, richesse, pouvoir) — limitless, boundless
"dans la limite des stocks disponibles" — "while stocks last"
à la limite (= au pire) — at a pinch
À la limite, on pourrait prendre le bus. — At a pinch we could go by bus.
2. adjdate limite de consommation — best-before date, use-before date
2) (tout juste acceptable ou possible) (comportement) barely tolerableJ'ai trouvé son comportement plutôt limite. — I thought his behaviour was barely tolerable.
On s'en est tirés mais c'était limite. — We got out of it but it was touch and go., We got out of it but it was a close thing.
* * *limite verb table: aimerA ○adv tes plaisanteries sont limite your jokes are bordering on the offensive; ça a été limite mais j'ai eu mon avion I managed to catch my plane but it was a close thing.B nf1 ( ligne de séparation) border; la ligne noire représente la limite entre les deux États the black line shows the border between the two states;2 ( partie extrême) (de domaine, terrain) boundary; (de mer, forêt) edge; les limites du village the boundaries of the village;3 ( borne) aussi Math limit; aller jusqu'à la limite de ses forces to push oneself to the limit; ma patience a des limites there are limits to my patience; connaître ses limites to know one's (own) limitations; tout de même, il y a des limites ! there are limits, you know!; s'imposer des limites to set oneself limits; franchir les limites de la décence to go beyond the bounds of decency; leur générosité/bêtise est sans limite their generosity/stupidity knows no bounds; leur énergie semble sans limite their energy seems boundless; faire reculer les limites du possible to push back the bounds of possibility; il a montré ses limites dans cette affaire his limitations became evident in this affair; vraiment, il dépasse les limites! he's really going too far!; à la limite, j'ai envie de démissionner I almost feel like resigning; à la limite, je préférerais que tu ne viennes pas I'd sooner you didn't come really; à la limite, je préférerais qu'il refuse I'd almost prefer it if he refused; à la limite je peux te prêter 100 euros at a pinch GB ou in a pinch US, I can lend you 100 euros; à la limite je pourrais aller le chercher à la gare if it comes to it, I could go and pick him up at the station;4 ( bord) à la limite de on the verge of; elle était à la limite de la crise de nerfs she was on the verge of a nervous breakdown; peinture/plaisanterie à la limite du mauvais goût painting/joke bordering on bad taste; activités à la limite de la légalité activities bordering on the illegal; un spectacle à la limite du supportable an almost unbearable sight;5 ( cadre) dans une certaine limite up to a point, to a certain extent; dans la limite de, dans les limites de within the limits of; ils font ce qu'ils peuvent, dans la limite de leurs ressources they do what they can, within the limits of their resources; nous vous aiderons dans la limite de nos moyens we will help you in as far as our means allow; accepter des spectateurs dans la limite des places disponibles to accept spectators subject to the availability of seats; dans la limite du possible as far as possible.C (-)limite ( in compounds) âge limite maximum age; cas limite Méd, Psych borderline case; date limite ( pour une inscription) deadline, closing date; ( pour remettre un travail) deadline; date limite de vente sell-by date; hauteur/largeur/poids limite Transp maximum height/width/weight; vitesse limite maximum speed.1. [influence, connaissances] limitedd'une importance limitée of limited ou minor importance2. (familier) [personne]être limité to have limited abilities, to be of limited abilityil est assez limité en maths he's rather weak ou poor at maths -
47 sens
sens [sɑ̃s]1. masculine nouna. ( = goût, vue etc) senseb. ( = instinct) sense• avoir le sens du rythme/de l'humour to have a sense of rhythm/of humourc. ( = signification) meaning• au sens propre/figuré in the literal figurative sense• au sens large/strict du terme in the general/strict sense of the word• en ce sens que... in the sense that...• la culture, au sens où il l'entend culture, as he understands itd. ( = direction) direction• aller dans le bon/mauvais sens to go the right/wrong way• arriver en sens contraire or inverse to arrive from the opposite direction• il a retourné la boîte dans tous les sens avant de l'ouvrir he turned the box this way and that before opening it• ça va or part dans tous les sens (figurative) it's all over the place• la circulation dans le sens Paris-province/province-Paris traffic out of/into Parise. ( = ligne directrice) il a agi dans le même sens he did more or less the same thing• être/mettre sens dessus dessous to be/turn upside downf. ► bon sens common sense• c'est le bon sens même de... it's only common sense to...2. compounds* * *sɑ̃s
1.
nom masculin invariable1) ( direction) lit, fig direction, waydans le sens de la largeur — widthways, across
dans le sens de la longueur — lengthways, longways US
être dans le bon/mauvais sens — to be the right/wrong way up
dans le sens des fils — ( de tissu) with the grain
sens dessus dessous — sɑ̃dəsydəsu ( à l'envers) upside down; ( en désordre) upside down; ( très troublé) very upset
sens devant derrière — sɑ̃dəvɑ̃dɛʀjɛʀ back to front
aller dans le bon sens — [réformes, mesures] to be a step in the right direction
le pays va dans le sens d'une plus grande indépendance — the country is moving toward(s) greater independence
2) ( signification) meaningcela n'a pas de sens — gén it doesn't make sense; (idiot, ridicule) it's absurd
3) ( fonction physiologique) sense4) ( intuition) sense
2.
nom masculin pluriel sensesPhrasal Verbs:••* * *sɑ̃s1. vbSee:2. nm1) (= odorat, ouïe) sense2) (= instinct) senseIl a perdu tout sens critique. — He's lost all critical sense.
Il n'a aucun sens esthétique. — He has no aesthetic sense.
avoir le sens de... — to have a sense of...
Je n'ai pas le sens de l'orientation. — I've got no sense of direction.
avoir le sens de l'humour — to have a sense of humour Grande-Bretagne to have a sense of humor USA
3) (= jugement)tomber sous le sens — to stand to reason, to be perfectly obvious
en dépit du bon sens — contrary to all good sense, contrary to common sense
4) (= signification) [mot, phrase] meaning, senseen un sens; dans un sens — in a way
ça n'a pas de sens — it doesn't make sense, it doesn't make any sense
5) (= direction) direction, wayIl y aura des bouchons dans le sens Paris-Chartres. — There will be traffic jams going out of Paris towards Chartres., There will be traffic jams going out of Paris in the Chartres direction.
dans l'autre sens — in the other direction, the other way
dans tous les sens — in every direction, all over the place
aller dans le bon sens — to go the right way, to go in the right direction
dans le mauvais sens — the wrong way, in the wrong direction
Tu tournes la poignée dans le mauvais sens. — You're turning the handle the wrong way., You're turning the handle in the wrong direction.
3. nmpl1) (= facultés) sensesreprendre ses sens — to come to, to regain consciousness
2) (sensualité) senses* * *A nm inv1 ( direction) lit, fig direction, way; dans les deux sens in both directions; aller dans le bon/mauvais sens to go the right/wrong way, to go in the right/wrong direction; elle venait en sens inverse she was coming from the opposite direction; mouvement en sens contraire backward movement; en tous sens in all directions; dans le sens Paris-Lyon in the Paris to Lyons direction; dans le sens de la largeur widthways, across; dans le sens de la longueur lengthways, longways US; être dans le bon/mauvais sens to be the right/wrong way up; des flèches dans tous les sens arrows pointing in all directions; retourner un problème dans tous les sens to consider a problem from every angle; courir dans tous les sens to run all over the place; dans le sens de la marche facing the engine; dans le sens des fils Tex with the grain; sens dessus dessous ( à l'envers) upside down; ( en désordre) upside down; ( très troublé) very upset; sens devant derrière back to front; aller dans le bon sens [réformes, mesures] to be a step in the right direction; des mesures qui vont dans le sens de notre rapport measures which are in line with our report; le pays va dans le sens d'une plus grande indépendance the country is moving toward(s) greater independence; le sens de l'histoire the tide of history; nous travaillons dans ce sens that's what we are working toward(s); ces facteurs ont œuvré dans le sens d'une baisse these factors have contributed to a fall;2 ( d'une action) meaning; (de mythe, symbole) meaning; (de mot, d'expression) meaning; le sens figuré/littéral/péjoratif d'un mot the figurative/literal/pejorative sense of a word; employer un mot au sens propre/figuré to use a word literally/figuratively; avoir un sens péjoratif to be pejorative, to have a pejorative sense; le sens premier de qch the original meaning of sth; au sens large/strict du terme in the broad/strict sense of the word; au sens propre du terme literally; au sens fort du terme in the fullest sense of the word; c'est correct, dans tous les sens du terme it's correct, in every sense of the word; prendre tout son sens [remarque, titre] to take on its full meaning; en un sens in a sense; en ce sens que in the sense that; cela n'a pas de sens gén it doesn't make sense; (idiot, ridicule) it's absurd; cela n'a de sens que si tu restes it makes no sense unless you stay;3 Physiol sense; avoir un sens de l'odorat très développé to have a very keen sense of smell; recouvrer fml or retrouver l'usage de ses sens to regain consciousness; avoir un sixième sens fig to have a sixth sense;4 ( intuition) sense; sens du rythme/devoir sense of rhythm/duty; avoir le sens des responsabilités to have a sense of responsibility; avoir le sens de l'orientation to have a good sense of direction; avoir le sens pratique to be practical; ne pas avoir de sens pratique to be impractical; avoir peu de sens critique to be uncritical; avoir le sens de l'organisation to be a good organizer; ne pas avoir le sens du ridicule not to realize when one looks silly; avoir le sens des affaires to have a flair ou head for business; ton sens des affaires your business sense; ne pas avoir le sens de la langue to have no feeling for language; n'avoir aucun sens des réalités to live in a dream world.B nmpl senses; plaisirs des sens sensual pleasures.sens commun common sense; sens giratoire roundabout GB, traffic circle US; suivez le sens giratoire go round the roundabout GB, follow the traffic circle around US; sens de l'humour sense of humourGB; avoir le sens de l'humour to have a sense of humourGB; sens interdit ( panneau) no-entry sign; ( rue) one-way street; sens obligatoire ( panneau) one-way sign; sens unique ( panneau) one-way sign; ( rue) one-way street; c'est à sens unique lit it's one-way; fig it's one-sided.tomber sous le sens to be patently obvious.[sɑ̃s] verbe→ link=sentir sentir————————[sɑ̃s] nom masculin1. PHYSIOLOGIE sense2. [instinct] sensebon sens, sens commun common senseça tombe sous le sens it's obvious, it stands to reason3. [opinion]à mon sens, c'est impossible as I see it ou to my mind, it's impossible4. [signification - d'un mot, d'une phrase] meaning (substantif comptable), sense ; [ - d'une allégorie, d'un symbole] meaning (substantif comptable)ce que tu dis n'a pas de sens [c'est inintelligible, déraisonnable] what you're saying doesn't make senselourd ou chargé de sens meaningfulau sens propre/figuré in the literal/figurative sense5. [direction] directionen sens inverse the other way round ou aroundpose l'équerre dans ce sens-là/l'autre sens lay the set square down this way/the other way roundscier une planche dans le sens de la largeur/longueur to saw a board widthwise/lengthwisedans le sens nord-sud/est-ouest in a southerly/westerly directionfais demi-tour, on va dans le mauvais sens! turn round, we're going the wrong way ou in the wrong direction!a. [panneau] no-entry signb. [rue] one-way streetêtre ou rouler en sens interdit to be going the wrong way up/down a one-way streetnous avons publié une brochure dans ce sens we have published a brochure along those (same) lines ou to that effect————————[sɑ̃s] nom masculin pluriel[sensualité] (carnal) sensesdans le sens où locution conjonctivedans un certain sens locution adverbiale→ link=dansdans le sens oùsens dessus dessous locution adverbialesens devant derrière locution adverbiale -
48 Setzimpulsdauer
Setzimpulsdauer f set pulse widthDeutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch der Elektrotechnik und Elektronik > Setzimpulsdauer
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49 захват
1. м. entrainment, entrapment, pickup2. м. grip, gripper, clamp, catchгрейфер, захват — clamp shell
3. м. прок. bite, nipугол захвата — angle of bite; nip angle
4. м. capture; trapping5. м. рлк. lock-on6. м. covering7. м. горн. web -
50 набор плат
плата памяти; плата запоминающего устройства — memory board
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51 Cutting Gauge
A device usually included in a set of machine attachments. It is applied to the point of a pair of scissors to provide a quick method of cutting strips of uniform width. -
52 Doeskin
A fine cloth made from the best botany wool.. The warp is set very closely in the reed, 5-end warp satin weave. The twill is not visible owing to the closeness of the weave, and a very smooth, level face is given to the cloth. A soft dress finish is applied. The cloth is shrunk about 33 per cent in, width, thus one woven 86-in. in the loom gives 58-in. finished. A fair sample is made 64 ends and 60 picks per inch, 19's/18's West of England yarns. ———————— The skin of the deer and antelope, and is now rarely seen. Sheepskins finished as chamois leather are now sometimes sold under this name. -
53 Flax Scutching
BaleTwo cwt. of scutched flax enclosed in a bessian bag. The unit of flax for despatch to the spinner.Blades, Tapered - A turbine scutching machine in which the scutching blades are tapered in width in the first third of each compartment in contradistinction to the usual parallel sided blades. Blades, Tapered and Coned - A turbine scutching machine in which the blades are tapered and at the same time the first third of each scutching rotor is coned. Bunch - The aggregate of pieces which is tied up with two or more ties preparatory to baling. Conditioning - The operation of adding moisture to or abstracting moisture from straw to put it in the optimum condition for scutching. Decortication - The term sometimes applied to the scutching of unretted straw in contradistinction to retted straw. Handles - See Scutching Wheel or Handles. Piece - The small handful which is the unit of scutched flax. Scutching - The mechanical operation of separating the fibre from the woody part of the de-seeded or retted flax straw. Scutching, Automatic - See Scutching, machine or turbine or automatic. Scutching, Hand - The operation of scutching as carried out on a Belgian or Irish scutching wheel. Scutching, Machine, or Turbine, or Automatic - The operation of scutching flax entirely mechanically. Scutching Machine, Monoblade - Similar in principle to a turbine machine, but each compartment has a single steel blade on one shaft in place of multiple blades on two shafts. Scutching Machine, Turbine - A scutching outfit consisting generally of (a) prebreaking rollers to crimp the centre of the straw (b) a set of fluted breaking rollers to crimp the ends of the straw (c) a conveyor to hold the straw during processing; (d) a root end compartment where intersecting steel blades scutch the root end and middle of the flax; (e) a top end compartment where similar blades scutch the middle and top end of the flax; (f) a delivery bar where the scutched flax is piled up for removal. Scutching Wheel, or Handles - The machine on which hand scutching is done. It consists of an upright wooden or metal stock in a notch of which the broken flax straw is held and is there operated on by a number of wooden blades mounted equidistantly on a central shaft. Scutching Wheel, Belgian - A scutch wheel which usually has 12 light blades of walnut. Scutching Wheel Irish - A scutch wheel which usually has 6 blades, much heavier than those in the Belgian wheel. Strick (v.) - To divide straw from the breakers into suitable pieces and to level the ends before hand scutching. -
54 Warping
General term for processes after winding concerned in preparing weaver's and knitter's warps. Methods of warping vary according to (1) the yarns employed (2) whether they are sized or not, and (3) at what state sizing takes place. There are at least seven methods of warp preparation, e.g., beam warping, direct warping, mill warping on vertical mills, section warping on horizontal mills and in cheeses on section blocks, Scotch dresser sizing, Scotch warp dressing, and Yorkshire warp dressing. Beam Warping is the system in general use for making grey cotton goods. The beam warper comprises a creel for the supply ends, which may be on double-flanged bobbins, cones or cheeses, and a beaming head which comprises mechanism for mounting and rotating a warper's beam and means for winding the yarn from the creel supply on to the beam under suitable tension. The number of ends and length of warp on a back or warper's beam is related to what is required in the weaver's beam. Assuming the weaver's beams were required to have 2928 ends, 24's warp, and 8 cuts of 96 yards each, the back beams for a set might have 2928: 6 = 488 ends, and 2 X 6 X 8 X 96 = 9216 yards. On the slasher sizing machine six back beams would be run together, thereby producing 12 weaver's beams each containing 2928 ends 768 yards long. Warp Beaming Speeds - With the old type of warp beaming machine taking supply from unrolling double-flanged bobbins, the warping speed would be about 70 yards per minute. In modern beam warpers taking supply overend from cones, the warping speed is up to 250 yards per minute. With beam barrels of 41/2-in. dia., and up to 500 yards per minute with barrels of 10-in. dia. Warp and Weft Knitted Fabrics - Warp knitted fabrics in which extra yarn is introduced in the form of weft threads which are laid in between the warp threads and their needles for the purpose of adding extra weight and for patterning purposes. Warp Loom Tapes - Narrow knitted fabrics usually less than one inch wide used for trimming garments. They are knitted on circular latch needle machines, but the tapes are flat. Direct Warping - A method used in making warps for towels, fustians, and other fabrics in which the total number of ends can be accommodated in one creel, say not more than 1,000 ends. The threads are run from the creel direct to the weaver's beam on a machine similar to that used in section beam warping. Mill Warping - There are two distinctly different methods of mill warping. On the vertical mill, which may be anything up to 20 yards in circumference, the number of ends in the complete warp is obtained by repeating the runs the required number of times, e.g., with 200 bobbins in the creel, 4 runs would give a warp of 800 ends. The length of the warp is determined by the number of revolutions made by the mill for each run. The horizontal mill is much used in Yorkshire for making woollen and worsted warps It is used to a small extent for cotton warps and is largely used for making silk and rayon warps. The mill or swift is usually about 5 yards in circumference. Its distinctive feature is the making of warps in sections which are wound on the mill in overlapping manner. The creel capacity varies from 250 to 600 ends, and with 500 ends in the creel a warp of 5,000 ends would require ten sections. Section Warping for Coloured Goods - This is a system of making coloured striped warps from hank-dyed and bleached yarns. The bobbins are creeled to pattern, one or more complete patterns to each section. Each section is the full length of the warp and is run on a small section block keywayed to fit a key on the shaft of the subsequent beaming machine where the sections are placed side by side and run on the weaver's beam. Scotch Dresser Sizing - There are two systems of warp preparation known as Scotch dressing. 1. Dresser sizing used for sizing warps for linen damasks, etc. Back beams are first made and placed in two beam creels, one on each side of the headstock. The threads from several back beams are collected in one sheet of yarn, sized by passage through a size-box, brushed by a revolving brush, dried by hot air, and passed vertically upwards where both sheets of warp threads are united and pass on to the weaver's beam in a single sheet. Scotch Warp Dressing - The other method of Scotch dressing is used in the preparation of coloured striped warps, usually from warp-dyed and bleached yarn. It consists in splitting off from ball warps previously dyed or bleached and sized, the number of ends of each colour required in the finished warp. Each group is then wound on separate flanged warpers' beams. These beams are placed in a creel and the ends drawn through a reed according to pattern, and wound finally on to the weavers' beams. Yorkshire Warp Dressing - This is a system used mostly in the preparation of coloured striped warps. It is also invaluable in preparing warps dyed and sized in warp form to prevent shadiness in the cloth. Four warps with the same number of ends in each are dyed the same colour, and in sleying, one end from each warp is put in each dent of the reed. Any tendency to shadiness arising from irregularity in dyeing is thereby effectively eliminated. In striped work the required ends are split off if necessary from a larger ball warp, sleyed to pattern in the reed, and then run under controlled tension on to the weaver's beam. The dresser uses a brush as long as the width of the warp to brush out entangled places where the threads have adhered together with size. Yorkshire dressing provides perfect warps with every thread in its proper place on the weaver's beam, no crossed or missing threads, and a minimum of knots. -
55 Anschütz, Ottomar
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1846 Lissa, Prussia (now Leszno, Poland) d. 1907[br]German photographer, chronophotographer ana inventor.[br]The son of a commercial photographer, Anschütz entered the business in 1868 and developed an interest in the process of instantaneous photography. The process was very difficult with the contemporary wet-plate process, but with the introduction of the much faster dry plates in the late 1870s he was able to make progress. Anschütz designed a focal plane shutter capable of operating at speeds up to 1/1000 of a second in 1883, and patented his design in 1888. it involved a vertically moving fabric roller-blind that worked at a fixed tension but had a slit the width of which could be adjusted to alter the exposure time. This design was adopted by C.P.Goerz, who from 1890 manufactures a number of cameras that incorporated it.Anschütz's action pictures of flying birds and animals attracted the attention of the Prussian authorities, and in 1886 the Chamber of Deputies authorized financial support for him to continue his work, which had started at the Hanover Military Institute in October 1885. Inspired by the work of Eadweard Muybridge in America, Anschütz had set up rows of cameras whose focal-plane shutters were released in sequence by electromagnets, taking twenty-four pictures in about three-quarters of a second. He made a large number of studies of the actions of people, animals and birds, and at the Krupp artillery range at Meppen, near Essen, he recorded shells in flight. His pictures were reproduced, and favourably commented upon, in scientific and photographic journals.To bring the pictures to the public, in 1887 he created the Electro-Tachyscope. The sequence negatives were printed as 90 x 120 mm transparencies and fixed around the circumference of a large steel disc. This was rotated in front of a spirally wound Geissler tube, which produced a momentary brilliant flash of light when a high voltage from an induction coil was applied to it, triggered by contacts on the steel disc. The flash duration, about 1/1000 of a second, was so short that it "froze" each picture as it passed the tube. The pictures succeeded each other at intervals of about 1/30 of a second, and the observer saw an apparently continuously lit moving picture. The Electro-Tachyscope was shown publicly in Berlin at the Kulturministerium from 19 to 21 March 1887; subsequently Siemens \& Halske manufactured 100 machines, which were shown throughout Europe and America in the early 1890s. From 1891 his pictures were available for the home in the form of the Tachyscope viewer, which used the principle of the zoetrope: sequence photographs were printed on long strips of thin card, perforated with narrow slots between the pictures. Placed around the circumference of a shallow cylinder and rotated, the pictures could be seen in life-like movement when viewed through the slots.In November 1894 Anschütz displayed a projector using two picture discs with twelve images each, which through a form of Maltese cross movement were rotated intermittently and alternately while a rotating shutter allowed each picture to blend with the next so that no flicker occurred. The first public shows, given in Berlin, were on a screen 6×8 m (20×26 ft) in size. From 22 February 1895 they were shown regularly to audiences of 300 in a building on the Leipzigstrasse; they were the first projected motion pictures seen in Germany.[br]Further ReadingJ.Deslandes, 1966, Histoire comparée du cinéma, Vol. I, Paris. B.Coe, 1992, Muybridge and the Chronophotographers, London.BC -
56 Falcon
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]fl. c.1728 France[br]French improver of the pattern-selection apparatus of Bouchon for weaving.[br]In 1728, Falcon used punched cards, one for each pick, to replace the roll of pierced paper that Bouchon had used for storing the pattern to be woven. The selection of the leashes was the same as the method used by Bouchon. The appropriate card was pressed against a set of horizontal needles at the side of the loom by the drawboy, who then lifted those leashes that had been selected ready for the weaver to send the shuttle across for that pick. The cards could be sewn up into an endless loop so the pattern could be repeated time after time. This apparatus could select a greater width of pattern than Bouchon's because the cards were pressed against the needles by a square block of wood known as the prism or cylinder. This meant that rows of needles could be mounted below each other, allowing for many more to be fitted into the space. Vaucanson tried to make alterations to this apparatus, but the Falcon method remained in use until 1817 at Lyon and formed the basis for the later improvements by Jacquard.[br]Further ReadingM.Daumas (ed.), 1968, Histoire générale des techniques, Vol. III, L'Expansion du machinisme, Paris.Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 1942, Catalogue du musée, section T, industries textiles, teintures et apprêtes, Paris (includes a picture of a model of Falcon's apparatus in the museum).RLH -
57 whanui
Maori for broad, wide, width, Vega (star), thick-set
См. также в других словарях:
set width — /sɛt ˈwɪdθ/ (say set width) noun the width of the lower case alphabet of a given face and size of type, used to assess the amount of type matter that can be set in a given area …
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