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1 sjá
* * *I)pron. dem. m. and f. this, that (sjá maðr hafði spjót í hendi).(sé; sá, sám; sénn), v.1) to see;hann kvezt sjá mann rída, he said that he saw a man riding;var þá sén reið þeira, their riding was seen, they were seen riding;2) to look (konungr sá til hans ok mælti);Gunnarr sá í mót tungli, G. looked at the moon;sjá út, to look out of the house (Hrútr bað engan mann út sjá á þeiri nótt);3) to examine, see (look) after (hann reið ofan í Eyjar at sjá verk húskarla sinna);4) to see, understand (aldri varð þat enn, at ek sá eigi gátur þær, er fyrir mik váru upp bornar);5) impers., þá (acc.) mátti eigi sjá, they could not be seen;sér þá hauga enn, those mounds can be seen yet;má þat ok sjá, at nær standa vinir Gunnars, it may be seen, too, that Gunnar’s friends stand near him;6) with preps.:sjá af e-m, to look away from, be (do) without (ek þóttumst ekki mega af þér sjá sakir ástríkis);sjá á e-t, to look on (nú em ek í höll kominn á þik sjálfan at sjá);to take in hand, take care of (Þorgils kvað sér eigi skylt at sjá á þat mál);sjá á með e-m, to take care of (þess vil ek biðja, at þér sjáit á með Högna syni mínum);impers., sér á, it can be seen (lítt sér þat þá á, at þú hafir fundit Svein konung);sjá eptir e-u, sjá eptir um e-t, to look after (var lítt sét eptir um skattlöndin þau, er fjarri lágu);eiga eptir e-u at sjá, to have to look after a thing (hann mun þar eptir hefndum eiga at sjá);sjá fram, to see into the future (fram sé ek lengra);sjá e-t fyrir, to foresee (hann þóttist sjá fyrir, at hann mundi fella fénað sinn);sjá fyrir e-u, to take care of, provide for (verðr hverr fyrir sér at sjá);man ek þá sjá fyrir málinu, then I will look after the matter;sjá fyrir e-m, to put one out of the way;sjá í e-t, to see into, see through (sér hann ekki í þetta);to take into consideration (Hrafnkell sá eigi mjök í kostnað);sjá til e-s, to become aware of (ef þér sjáit þá ekki til minna ferða, þá fari þér heim);to look for, expect (sjá til trausts, launa, fulltings);to look after, see to, take care of (guð sér til kristni sinnar);sjá til með e-m, to take care of, see to one;sjá um e-t, to see after. take care of (sjá um bú, fémál e-s);sjá um með e-m = sjá til með e-m (Höskuldr sá um með honum);sjá um fyrir e-u, to look after, see to (eigi mun nú fyrir öllu verða um sét);sjá við e-m, to look at one (konungr sá við honum ok mælti);to beware of, guard oneself against (mun oss vandgætt til við honum at sjá);sé nú við, beware!;sjá við um e-t, to guard oneself, be cautious as to (hafa þessir menn meirr sét við um kaupin en ek hugða);sjá yfir e-t, to look over, survey, look after (sjá yfir akra sína);to see a way to (hann sá eigi yfir, at þeir kœmist til bœja);eigi mátti yfir sjá, hvern veg hníga mundi orrostan, one could not see how the fight would end;7) refl., sjást.* * *the pronoun, see sá, sú. This word or form might have been put under a separate head, it is often used in a pointedly demonstr. sense, like þessi; see the references s. v. sá. -
2 stía
* * *(að), v. to pen lambs.* * *að, to pen, to pen sheep, putting lambs into the separate kró, q. v.; hann heyrði jarm þangat er stiat var, Gullþ. 19, cp. Páll Vídal. 519, and so at the present time, see the remarks s. v. stekkr; hence metaph., stía e-m sundr, to separate. -
3 AND-
* * *a prefix denoting whatever is opposite, against, towards, and fig. hostile, adverse; often spelt an- or ann-.* * *a prefixed prep. [Ulf. uses a separate prep. and; A. S. and-; Germ. ant-, ent-, empf-; it exists in Engl. in an-swer; Lat. ante-; Gr. ἀντι-], denoting whatever is opposite, against, towards, and metaph. hostile, adverse; freq. spelt and pronounced an- or ann-; it is used in a great many compds, v. below. If followed by v, the a changes into ö, e. g. öndverðr, adversus; in andvirði, prize, however, the a is unchanged. -
4 KÖGURR
(dat. kögri, pl. kögrar), m. a quilt with fringe, counterpane.* * *m., dat. kögri, pl. kögrar:—a quilt with fringe, a counterpane; hann lét göra grind um legstaðinn ok breiða yfir kögur, Fms. viii. 237; er leg hans í miðju kirkju-gólfi, ok breiddr yfir kögurr, Hkr. iii. 376, Fms. x. 128, 150: of a church inventory, kögrar þrír, Dipl. iii. 4, Pm. 34: a bed-cover, hann bjó þegar rekkju ok yfir breiddi einn kagur, Str. 45; sonr á setklæði öll, … bekk-klæði ok kögra, N. G. L. i. 211; kögur ok handklæði, Vm. 92: of dress, vaða ok væta kögur minn, Hbl. 13: the vellum has gur, but the emendation into kögur is received by Editors; and is made certain by ‘kögur-sveinn’ in the same verse; but the sense and origin of kögurr in this place have been missed by the interpreters. It is indeed a well-known Teut. word. A. S. cocur, O. H. G. chochar. Germ. kocher, Dutch koker; the Dan. kogger is prob. borrowed from the Germ., as is the Icel. koffur from Luther’s Bible; once on a time it was also a Scandin. word, which was since displaced by the compounded örva-malr or ör-malr, q. v.; this passage being the only place where it occurs in an uncompounded form, but it remains in kögur-sveinn, a quiver-boy, who carried the hunter’s quiver (?); and in kögur-barn, Norse kogge-barn. Prof. Bergmann has, with his usual insight in Eddic matters, divined the sense when he says, p. 123, ‘über den Sund zu schwimmen und dabei seinen feurigen Donner-und blitz-keil, … im Wasser zu netzen und abzukühlen.’ The fact is, Thor is here represented carrying a quiver full of thunder-bolts on his back, and so the poet makes the mighty thunder-god stop at the Sound, embarrassed, and begging to be ferried over, as he could not wade over from fear of wetting his quiver and quenching the fire, for he must ‘keep his powder dry:’ although in Gm. and Þd. Thor is not much afraid of the water. Whether kögurr, a quilt, be any relation to kögurr, a quiver, we cannot tell, prob. not; if so, this word should be placed under a separate head; in mod. usage of fringe or fringed cloth: a nickname, Landn.; munu jarðlýsnar synir Gríms kögurs, verða mér at bana? 146: botan. the thyrsus, Hjalt. -
5 VEGA
* * *(veg; vá, vágum; veginn), v.1) to lift (hann vegr heyit upp á herðar sé); v. e-n á bál, to lift one on the funeral fire; v. e-n ór skógi, to inlaw one;2) to weigh (verðum vér at leita at skálum, ok v. hringinn); fig., skal yðr engi vera traustari vin, þott þér vegit þat lífit, though ye esteem it little;3) to weigh, be of weikht (hvert haglkorn vá eyri);4) to fence, fight (smite) with a weapon (hann vá svá skjótt með sverði, at þrú þóttu á lopti at sjá);5) v. at e-m, to attack one, fight against one (ungr skal at ungum vega);6) to gain by fighting; v. sigr, to gain the victory; v. sigr á e-m, to overcome, beat, vanquish; v. til landa, to win land weapon in hand;7) to smite, slay, kill; v. mann, v. víg, to slay a man;8) refl., þat sverð, er sjálft mun vegast, the sword that will fight of itseff; vást meirr á hlut Grikkja, the Greeks lost more men; recipr., vegast, to slay one another.* * *pres. veg; pret. vá, vátt, vá (later vó); subj. vægi; part. veginn; with neg. suff. vegr-a, Hm. 10. In N. G. L. it is often spelt with i, viga, vigr, viginn: [Goth. wigan is supposed from ga-wigan = σαλεύειν, Luke vi. 38; O. H. G. wegan; Germ. wägen; cp. Lat. vehere; Goth. and A. S. wagjan, and Engl. wag and weigh, in the phrase ‘to weigh anchor,’ are derivatives]:—prop. to move, carry, lift, as by a lever; hann vegr heyit upp á herðar sér, Fb. i. 523; vágu þeir upp með (forkinum) bálit, Fms. vi. 405; hann vegr hann upp (á atgeirinum), Nj. 84; þeir höfðu til vegr (i. e. vögur) ok vágu skútuna fram af berginu, Fms. viii. 430; þerra hey sín en eigi á brott at vega eðr færa, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 107; öngullinn vá í góminn, Edda 36; en er lokit var at sjóða vá Narfi upp mörbjúga, Korm. 34: vega á bál, to lift on the bale fire, Vtkv.; vágum ór skógi þanns vildum syknan, Am. 97; var ek þrimr verum vegin at húsi, Gh. 10; vegnest verra vegra hann velli at, Hm. 10.II. to weigh; vega þeir haglkomin … ok vágu þeir í skálum, Fms. xi. 143; vá Halli sér þá þrjár merkr, vi. 372; þat er vegit sem reitt er, Sd. 155; eyrir veginn, Grág.; sex merkr vegnar, Orkn.; þrjá penninga silfrs vegna, Hkr. i. 185; mörk vegin brends silfrs, and so passim; virðr ok veginn, Grág. ii. 369; hann lét vega allan borðbúnað sinn, Fms. x. 147: metaph., skal yðr engi vera traustari vin, þótt þér vegið þat lítið, though ye find it light, ix. 297, passim.III. neut. to weigh, be of weight; sjám hvat vegi sjóðr sá, Ld. 30; hvert haglkorn vá eyri, Fms. i. 175; vega hálfa mörk, ii. 80; er sagt at eyri vægi hvert haglkorn, xi. 142; þótt þat vegi meirr enn hálfa vætt, Grág. (Kb.) i. 24, Bs. i. 874: metaph., skal ek allan hug á leggja ef þat vegr nökkut, Ó. H. 53; nema yðr þykki minna vega mín reiði, Fms. vii. 141; mér vegr þat lítið, Mag. 11.IV. reflex., í öllu sem vegask má með stórum vágum ok smám, K. Á. 204, freq.2. to yield in weight; það vegst vel, or það hefir vegist so and so, it has been of such and such weight.B. [The Goth. has here a separate strong verb, but in the Icel. both verbs have been amalgamated into one; Ulf. weigan, waih, wigun, = μαχειν; A. S. wigan; cp. víg]. to fence, fight with a weapon; tók sverðit ok atgeirinn ok vegr með báðum höndum, Nj. 96; hana vá svá skjótt með sverði, at þrjú þóttu á lopti at sjá, 29; eiga þeir at vega upp yfir höfuð sér, Fms. x. 360; vega með vápnum, to report to arms, Nj. 139; vega at e-m, to fight against; Þjálfi vá at Mökkur-kálfa ok féll hann, Edda 58.2. to attack with a weapon, Nj. 63, Grág. ii. 156; hann vaknaði fyrst er menn vágn at honum, Fms. vii. 333; ungr skal at ungum vega, Ísl. ii. 309; vega at flugdreka, Nj. 183.II. to fight; vega sigr, to gain the day, Fms. viii. 133, Bret. 66; með vápnum má sigr vega, Al. 83; hamingju at vega sigr a sínum úvinum. Fms. i. 218; ást Guðs vá sigr á ( overcame) líkams píslum ok hræzlu, Greg. 21; vega til landa, to win land weapon in hand, Korm.; slíkt sem vér höfum til vegit, gained, Fms. viii. 92.2. with dat. to forfeit, = fyrir vega, vega landi ok lausum eyri, Hkr. ii. 384; ef hann félli á hólmi þá hefði hann vegit allri eigu sinni, Eg. 495.III. to smite, slay, slaughter; ef maðr vegr mann, ok varðar þat skóggang, Grág. (Kb.) i. 145; vega á veittar trygðir, Ísl. ii. 491; vega víg, ek hefi vegit víg eitt, Nj. 128, passim; vega í enn sama knérunn, 85; víg þá er þat er vegit, Grág. ii. 89; vegin sök. = víg sök, 20, 41; vega mann or menn, passim; í Hólmgarði var svá mikil friðhelgi, at drepa skyldi hvern er mann údæmdan vá, Fms. i. 80; Kolskeggr vá drúgum menn, … vegr Gunnarr drjúgum menn, Nj. 96, 108; Þorsteinn vá hann þar, Eg. 713; ek vá hann, Nj. 28; þú sitr hjá, en nú er veginn Egill húsbóndi þinn, 97; ef hann er með vápum veginn, 146; hræðisk eigi þá sem líkamann vega, Blas. 48 (Mark x. 28); þú skalt ekki mann vega, the Sixth Commandment.IV. reflex., ok þat sverð er sjálft vegizk, a sword that fences of itself, Skm. 8, 9; þat [sverðit] vásk sjálft, Edda; vásk meirr á hlut Grikkja. the battle went against the Greeks, they lost the more men, Bret. 74; þá verðr um rætt at mjök hefði á vegizk þeirra lið Sunnan-manna, Ísl. ii. 389 (á-víga); at þegar hafi vegizk á þinn her, Stj. 531.2. recipr., vegask or vegask at, to fight, slay one another; nú vegask menn at, N. G. L. i. 64; ef þrælar manna vegask, Grág. (Kb.) i. 191; þá vágusk skógar-menn sjálfir, Landn. 323 (App.); miklu eru þrælar atgörða-meiri enn fyrr hafa verit, þeir flugusk þá á, en nú vilja þeir vegask, Nj. 56; nú eru konur þær sjau, er maðr má vegask um sektalaust við konung, N. G. L. i. 169.
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