-
1 le
pronominal element "you", originally the "reverential 2nd person sing" RGEO:73, VT49:56. However, singular le was apparently altered to lye q.v., and le took on a plural significance le for pl. you is apparently derived from de, the ancient 2nd person pl. stem, VT49:50-51. Stressed lé VT49:51, dual let *the two of you ibid.. At certain points in Tolkiens conception, le was still sg. thou rather than pl. you. It is attested as an ending in the imperative form antalë *"give thou" VT43:17; see anta-. The form ólë in VT43:29 apparently means *"with thee"; according to Tolkiens later system, it would rather mean with you pl. Compare aselyë with thee sg. in a later source see as. -
2 et
prep. and adv.? "out", when followed by ablative "out of" VT45:13 or literally "out from", as in EO: et Eärello "out of the Great Sea"; cf. also et sillumello "from this hour" in VT44:35. Et i pe/péti, untranslated phrase, perhaps *"out of the mouth" VT47:35. Prefixet- "forth, out" ET, also in longer form ete- as in etelehta, eteminya; verb ettuler *"are coming forth" ettul- = et + tul-. SD:290; read probably *ettulir or continuative *ettúlar in Tolkien's later Quenya. The forms etemmë and etengwë VT43:36 seem to incorporate pronominal suffixes for "us", hence ?"out of us", inclusive and exclusive respectively. The pronoun -mmë denoted plural inclusive "we" when this was written, though Tolkien would later make it dual exclusive instead see -mmë. Second person forms are also given: etelyë, etellë ?"out of you", sg. and pl. respectively Tolkien would later change the ending for pl. you from -llë to -ldë. -
3 ó-
usually reduced to o- when unstressed a prefix "used in words describing the meeting, junction, or union of two things or persons, or of two groups thought of as units". In omentië, onóna, ónoni, q.v. WJ:367, PE17:191; in the Etymologies, stem WŌ, the prefix o-, ó- is simply defined as "together". In VT43:29 is found a table showing how pronominal endings can be added to the preposition ó-; the resulting forms are onyë or óni *"with me", ómë *"with us" also in VT43:36, where "us" is said to be exclusive, ólyë or ólë *"with you" olyë only sg. "you", whereas ólë can be either sg. or pl., ósë *"with him/her", ótë *"with them" of animates where "them" refers to non-persons, óta or shortened ót is used, though the conceptual validity of ta as a pl. pronoun is questionable, ósa or shortened ós "with it". Two additional forms, ótar and ótari, presumably mean with them of inanimate things; see VT49:56 for a possible second attestation of tar as the word for plural inanimate they. However, Tolkien's later decision to the effect that ó- refers to two parties only may throw doubt upon the conceptual validity of some of these forms, where at least three persons would be implied like ótë "with them", where one person is "with" two or more others though Tolkien indicates that two groups may also be involved where the preposition ó- is used. The explicit statement in WJ:367 that the prepostion o variant of ó did not exist independently in Quenya is however difficult to get around, so instead using the preposition ó/o with or without endings for "with", writers may rather use as, the form appearing in the last version of Tolkien's Quenya Hail Mary also attested with a pronominal suffix: aselyë "with you". -
4 mi
prep. "in, within" MI, VT27:20, VT44:18, 34, VT43:30; the latter source also mentions the variant imi; mí "in the" Nam, RGEO:66; CO gives mi; the correct forms should evidently be mi = "in" and mí = mi i "in the"; VT49:35 also has mí with a long vowel, though the gloss is simply in. Used in PE17:71 cf. 70 of people clad in various colours, e.g. mi mísë in grey. Allative minna "to the inside, into" MI, also mina VT43:30. The forms mimmë and mingwë seem to incorporate pronominal suffixes for "us", hence ?"in us", inclusive and exclusive respectively. The pronoun -mmë denoted plural inclusive "we" when this was written, though Tolkien would later make it dual instead see -mmë. Second person forms are also given: mil or milyë *"in you" sg., millë "in you" pl. VT43:36. A special use of mi appears in the phrase Wendë mi Wenderon "Virgin of Virgins" VT44:18; here mi appears superfluous to achieve the desired meaning, but this combination of singular noun + mi + plural genitive noun may be seen as a fixed idiom expressing that the initial noun represents the most prominent member of a class. -
5 -llë
1 one of several suffixes indicating feminine agent, as in Tintallë kindler vs. the verb tinta- to kindle. In the source PE17:69 Tolkien noted that -llë was little used because of the clash with the pronominal ending -llë see \#2 below, but the latter ending was later revised. 2 abandoned pronominal ending you, 2nd person pl. VT49:48; Tolkien later revised this ending to -ldë. -
6 -lda
1 "your", 2nd person pl. possessive suffix VT49:16. Onnalda *your child VT49:42. In an earlier manuscript, this ending was used for singular you instead, attested in the phrase Arwen vanimalda "Arwen your beauty", sc. "O beautiful Arwen", and in meletyalda "your majesty" WJ:369 Arwen vanimalda was however changed to Arwen vanimelda in the second edition of LotR, Tolkien reinterpreting the last word see vanimalda. The ending for singular "your" appears as -lya elsewhere. LotR1:II ch. 6 2 in some versions of Quenya a comparative or augmentative suffix, later abandoned by Tolkien PE17:55, 56. See vanimalda. -
7 -t
1 dual ending, on nouns denoting a pair of something: attat "2 fathers or neighbours" VT48:19; see atto, máryat "her pair of hands" Nam, siryat "two rivers" VT47:11, ciriat "2 ships" Letters:427 read ciryat as in the Plotz Letter?, maquat "group of ten" from maqua, meaning among other things "group of five" VT47:7, nápat "thumb and index as a pair" VT48:5, also compare met "us two" as the dual form of me "us" Nam, VT47:11. Other dual endings known from the Plotz letter: genitive -to, possessive -twa, dative -nt, locative -tsë, allative -nta, ablative -lto, instrumental -nten, plus -tes as a possible short locative. It may be that these endings only apply to nouns that would have nominative dual forms in -t, and that nouns preferring the alternative dual ending -u would simply add the otherwise "singular" case endings to this vowel, e.g. *Alduo rather than ?Alduto as the genitive form of "Two Trees" Aldu. The ending -t is also used as a verbal inflection, corresponding to pl. -r elen atta siluvaut/u, two stars shall shine, VT49:45; the verb carit do would also be used with a dual subject, VT49:16; cf. also the endings listed in VT49:48, 50. 2 "them", pronominal ending; seen in the word laituvalmet "we shall bless them" lait-uva-lme-t "bless-shall-we-them". According to PE17:110, this -t covers both sg. and dual. Also independent word te pl. and tú dual possibly *tu when unstressed. 3 reduced pronominal affix of the 2. person, "you" sg., the long form being -tyë both endings are listed in VT49:48. See heca regarding the example hecat WJ:364. However, in a later source, Tolkien denies that -tyë has any short form VT49:51, 57. The status of the ending -t is therefore doubtful. -
8 ne
1 noun or root? scent PE17:100 2 conj. "that" as in "I know uthat/u you are here" PE14:54, evidently replaced by i in Tolkiens later Quenya see i \#3. 3 ??? = n- in n-alalmino Narqelion
См. также в других словарях:
see you later — spoken phrase used for saying goodbye to someone who you know when you expect to see them again soon, especially later the same day Thesaurus: ways of saying goodbyesynonym Main entry: see * * * ˈsee you (aˈround) | ( … Useful english dictionary
See You Later — Album par Vangelis Sortie 1980 Enregistrement Studios Nemo, Londres Genre Electro Producteur Vangelis Label … Wikipédia en Français
see you later — A casual way of saying to friends I ll see you again, sometime, (without a definite date or time having been set) this is often abbreviated to Later or Laters as an alternative way of saying goodbye … The small dictionary of idiomes
See You Later — Infobox Album | Name = See You Later Type = Album Artist = Vangelis Released = 1980 Recorded = Nemo Studios, London Genre = Electronica Length = 39:32 Label = Polydor Producer = Vangelis Reviews = *Allmusic (1.5/5) [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg … Wikipedia
See you later. — interj. Good bye. (Common colloquial. Also said to people one knows one will never see again.) □ Nice talking to you. See you later. □ Have a great trip, Mary. See you later … Dictionary of American slang and colloquial expressions
See You Later (disambiguation) — See You Later may refer to: *See You Later, a 1980 album by the Greek artist Vangelis * See You Later, a song by Heatmiser from their 1996 album Mic City Sons * See You Later , a song by Soul Asylum from their 1998 album Candy from a Stranger … Wikipedia
See You Later, Alligator (novel) — See You Later, Alligator is a 1985 Blackford Oakes novel by William F. Buckley, Jr.. It is the sixth of 11 novels in the series. PlotCIA agent Blackford Oakes is sent to Cuba to meet with Che Guevara, attempting to ease tension following the… … Wikipedia
See You Later Alligator — Infobox Single | Name = See You Later Alligator Artist = Bill Haley His Comets Nofrom Album = yes Released = February 1, 1956 Format = 45, 78 Recorded = December 12, 1955 Genre = Rock and Roll Length = 2:45 Label = Decca Records Producer = Milt… … Wikipedia
See you later, alligator. — interj. Good bye. (From the 1930s. Answered with After a while, crocodile.) □ TOM: Bye. BILL: See you later, alligator. □ BILL: See you later, alligator. TOM: After a while, crocodile … Dictionary of American slang and colloquial expressions
See you later, alligator — int Good bye. See you later, alligator. (After while, crocodile.). 1950s … Historical dictionary of American slang
see you later — I will see you again in the future, we will meet again … English contemporary dictionary
