second+order

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• Second-order cybernetics — Second order cybernetics, also known as the cybernetics of cybernetics, investigates the construction of models of cybernetic systems. It investigates cybernetics with awareness that the investigators are part of the system, and of the importance …   Wikipedia

• Second-order elections — are elections that have less importance for voters than first order elections, and thus are often used by voters to punish or reward the current governing parties. Local and regional elections are almost always considered second order elections.… …   Wikipedia

• Second-order simulacra — Second order simulacra, a term coined by Jean Baudrillard, are symbols without referents, that is, symbols with no real object to represent. Simply put, a symbol is itself taken for reality and further layer of symbolism is added. This occurs… …   Wikipedia

• Second-order logic — In logic and mathematics second order logic is an extension of first order logic, which itself is an extension of propositional logic.[1] Second order logic is in turn extended by higher order logic and type theory. First order logic uses only… …   Wikipedia

• Second-order arithmetic — In mathematical logic, second order arithmetic is a collection of axiomatic systems that formalize the natural numbers and sets thereof. It is an alternative to axiomatic set theory as a foundation for much, but not all, of mathematics. The… …   Wikipedia

• Second order cellular automaton — A second order cellular automaton is a reversible cellular automaton (CA) where the state of a cell at time t depends not only on its neighborhood at time t 1 , but also on its state at time t 2 . Specifically, the neighborhood at t 1 is used to… …   Wikipedia

• Second-order conditioning — In classical conditioning, second order conditioning or higher order conditioning is a form of learning in which a stimulus is first made meaningful or consequential for an organism through an initial step of learning, and then that stimulus is… …   Wikipedia

• Second-order predicate — In mathematical logic, a second order predicate is a predicate that takes a first order predicate as an argument. Compare higher order predicate.The idea of second order predication was introduced by the German mathematician and philosopher Frege …   Wikipedia

• Second-order fluid — A second order fluid is an extension of the model of a first order fluid.It can be written as :mu {operatorname{eff(dot gamma, T) = exp left( A 0 + A 1 ln(dot gamma) + A 2 T + A 3 (ln(dot gamma))^2 + A 4 T ln(dot gamma) + A 5 T^2 ight) where dot… …   Wikipedia

• Second-order stimulus — A second order stimulus is a form of visual stimulus used in psychophysics in which objects are delineated from their backgrounds by differences of contrast ot texture. On the contrary, a stimulus defined by differences in luminance is known as a …   Wikipedia

• Second-order cone programming — A second order cone program (SOCP) is a convex optimization problem of the form:minimize f^T x subject to:lVert A i x + b i Vert 2 leq c i^T x + d i,quad i = 1,dots,m:Fx = g where the problem parameters are f in mathbb{R}^n, A i in mathbb{R}^n i} …   Wikipedia