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1 exerceo
ex-ercĕo, ŭi, itum, 2, v. a. [arceo], to drive on, keep busy, keep at work; to oversee, superintend; with an inanimate object, to work, work at, employ one's self about a thing.I.Lit. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose):II.quod in opere faciundo operae consumis tuae, Si sumas in illis (servis) exercendis, plus agas,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 22; cf.:homines qui agrum colunt, et qui eos exercent praepositive sunt his, quorum in numero sunt vilici et monitores,
who oversee them, Dig. 33, 7, 8:exercete, viri, tauros,
Verg. G. 1, 210:i sane, ego te exercebo hodie, ut dignus es,
keep agoing, exercise, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 48:corpora assiduo varioque exercita motu, etc.,
driven, impelled, Lucr. 2, 97; cf. id. 4, 862; 2, 120; and:exercita cursu Flumina (with fontes liquidi),
Verg. G. 3, 529 Wagn.:(Maeandros) Incertas exercet aquas,
Ov. M. 8, 165:exercere feras,
to drive, hunt, Dig. 7, 1, 62: Mi. Gestiunt pugni mihi. So. Si in me exercituru's, quaeso in parietem ut primum domes, to let loose, set them at me, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 168:litus arant Rutulosque exercent vomere colles,
work, till, Verg. A. 7, 798:solum presso sub vomere,
id. G. 2, 356:rura bubus,
Hor. Epod. 2, 3:humum in messem,
Verg. G. 1, 219:vineas, arbusta, campos (with curare),
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 16:agrum multis arationibus,
Pall. Jan. 13, 2:pinguia culta,
Verg. A. 10, 142:ferrum vasto in antro (Cyclopes),
id. ib. 8, 424:telas (aranea),
Ov. M. 6, 145 al.; cf.: neque arva nobis aut metalla aut portus sunt, quibus exercendis reservemur, Tac. Agr. 31.— Poet.:ut possint (aratores), sole reducto, Exercere diem,
i. e. employ the day in labor, perform their day's work, Verg. A. 10, 808.Trop. (freq. and class.).A. (α).Aliquem or aliquid ( in aliqua re, ad aliquid, aliqua re, etc.):(β).me adolescentem multos annos in studio ejusdem laudis (Hortensius) exercuit,
Cic. Brut. 64, 230:quod genus belli esse potest, in quo illum non exercuerit fortuna rei publicae,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:a Diodoto studiosissime in dialectica exercebar,
id. Brut. 90, 309; cf. id. de Or. 1, 57, 244:hanc (animi vim) tu exerce in optimis rebus,
id. Rep. 6, 26:haec aetas (juvenum) exercenda in labore patientiaque et animi et corporis,
id. Off. 1, 34, 122:animos in armis,
Ov. Am. 1, 8, 41:in gramineis exercent membra palaestris,
Verg. A. 6, 642:vocem et vires in hoc,
Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 et saep.:Aristoteles adolescentes... ad copiam rhetorum in utramque partem exercuit,
id. Or. 14, 46:ad hanc te amentiam natura peperit, voluntas exercuit,
id. Cat. 1, 10, 25:facultatem dicendi his exercuerunt,
Quint. 2, 4, 41:ingenium multiplici variaque materia,
id. 2, 4, 20:linguas litibus,
Ov. M. 6, 375 et saep.—With simple acc.:quid te exercuit Pammenes?
Cic. Brut. 97, 332:Induciomarus copias cogere, exercere coepit,
to exercise, drill, Caes. B. G. 5, 55, 3:juventutis exercendae causa,
id. ib. 6, 23, 6:ingenium nostrum,
Auct. Her. 3, 21, 34:corpus,
Cic. de Off. 1, 23, 79:exercendae memoriae gratia,
id. de Sen. 11, 38:exercendi stili,
Quint. 10, 5, 15:exercendus est spiritus,
id. 11, 3, 54 et saep.—With se, or pass. in mid. force; and in part. praes. and gerund., to exercise or train one's self, to practise:B.si ad hoc unum est natus aut in hoc solo se exercuit, etc.,
Cic. Or. 28, 99:se vehementissime in his subitis dictionibus,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 152:se in consultationibus,
id. Att. 9, 4, 3:sese ad cursuram,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 5:se ad velitationem,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 41:sese quotidianis commentationibus,
Cic. Brut. 71, 249:se genere pugnae,
Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 4:se genere venationis,
id. ib. 6, 28, 3:se saliendo,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 25:cur non in utrumque protinus locum se exerceant?
Quint. 4, 2, 29 Zumpt N. cr.:Jovem Olympium, eum ipsum, cui se exercebit, implorabit,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 40:cum athletas se exercentes in curriculo videret,
id. de Sen. 9, 27; so,ad virtutem,
Vulg. 1 Tim. 4, 7.—Mid.: ut exerceamur in venando,
Cic. N. D. 2, 64, 161:ut in utrumque locum simul exerceamur,
Quint. 5, 13, 50:faciunt idem, cum exercentur, athletae,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 56:Ciceronis pueri amant inter se, discunt, exercentur,
id. Att. 6, 1, 12:ne aliter exerceri velint,
Quint. 3, 8, 70:in mandatis tuis exercebor,
Vulg. Psa. 118, 15.— Act. part. in mid. force:cum, ceteris in campo exercentibus, in herba ipse recubuisset,
Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 287; so,ipsique dictata exercentibus darent,
Suet. Caes. 26:spectavit assidue et exercentes ephebos,
id. Aug. 98; cf.:si ludicra exercendi aut venandi consuetudine adamare solemus,
of exercising ourselves, Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 69, v. Madv. ad h. l.—To practise, follow, exercise any employment; to employ one's self about, to make use of any thing:2.medicinae exercendae causa,
Cic. Clu. 63, 178:hoc civile quod vocant eatenus exercuerunt, quoad populum praestare voluerunt,
id. Leg. 1, 4, 14:rhetoricen,
Quint. 2, 1, 3; 2, 15, 27:eloquentiam,
id. 1, 4, 6:artem,
id. 3, 6, 18; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44:exercere atque exigere vectigalia,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 16:cauponam vel stabulum,
Dig. 4, 9, 1, § 5:navem,
ib. 14, 1, 1:auri, argenti, sulphuris, etc.... fodinas,
ib. 7, 1, 13, § 5:negotiationem per libertos,
ib. 26, 7, 58:commercium turis,
Plin. 12, 14, 30, § 54:arma,
Verg. A. 4, 87:arma contra patriam,
Tac. A. 11, 16:gymnasia et otia et turpes amores,
id. ib. 6, 1:acies pueriles,
batiles in sport, Juv. 15, 60:pharetram et arcum,
Val. Fl. 3, 161:vocem (with clamare),
Plaut. Poen. prol. 13.—To follow up, follow out, prosecute, carry into effect, practise, administer:C.judicium,
Cic. Arch. 12, 32:latam legem,
Liv. 4, 51, 4:Tiberius exercendas leges esse respondit,
Tac. A. 1, 72: [p. 684] legem praecipue sumptuariam, Suet. Caes. 43; id. Tib. 58:quaestionem inter sicarios,
Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 54:regnum,
Plin. 10, 21, 24, § 47; cf.imperia,
Verg. G. 2, 370:crudelitatem non solum in vivo sed etiam in mortuo,
Cic. Phil. 11, 3, 8:inimicitias,
id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; cf.:graves inimicitias cum aliquo,
Sall. C. 49, 2:gratiam aut inimicitias in tanta re,
id. ib. 51, 16:jurgia, discordia, simultates cum hostibus,
id. ib. 9, 2:cui exercita cum Pisone amicitia,
Tac. A. 1, 14:licentiam,
id. ib. 13, 47:amicitiam,
id. ib. 15, 60:odium,
id. ib. 13, 37:odium in aliquo,
Ov. M. 9, 275 et saep.:facilitatem et lenitudinem animi,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88:juris aequabilitatem,
id. ib.; cf.justitiam,
Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 10:scelus, libidinem, avaritiam in socios,
Liv. 29, 17, 13; cf.:avaritiam (juvenes) exercere jubentur,
Juv. 14, 108:foede victoriam in captis,
Liv. 6, 22, 4:acerrume victoriam nobilitatis in plebem,
Sall. J. 16, 2:foede et crudeliter victoriam,
id. C. 38:amores ad aliquem,
Cat. 68, 69:pacem et hymenaeos,
to celebrate, solemnize, Verg. A. 4, 99:nomen patris,
to bear his name, Plin. Pan. 21, 4 et saep.—Pregn., to disturb, disquiet, vex, plague (the figure being taken from the baiting of wild beasts):A.meos casus, in quibus me fortuna vehementer exercuit,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 1, 3:nunc me reliquiae vestrae exercent,
id. Fam. 12, 4, 1:non te nullius exercent numinis irae,
Verg. G. 4, 453:aliquem odiis,
id. A. 4, 622 et saep.:te de praedio Oviae exerceri, moleste fero,
Cic. Att. 13, 22, 4:ergo exercentur poenis,
Verg. A, 6, 739:hominum vitam curis,
Lucr. 5, 1424:ambitio animos hominum exercet,
Sall. C. 11, 1:simultates nimio plures et exercuerunt eum et ipse exercuit eas,
Liv. 39, 40, 9.—In the part. perf.:nate, Iliacis exercite fatis,
Verg. A. 3, 182:Venus exercita curis,
id. ib. 5, 779; cf.:curis exercita corpora,
Ov. M. 7, 634:adversis probitas exercita rebus,
id. Tr. 5, 5, 49: habere aliquem exercitum, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 6, 4.—Hence, exercĭ-tus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to II. C.).Vexed, harassed:B.scito nihil tam exercitum esse nunc Romae quam candidatos omnibus iniquitatibus,
Cic. Att. 1, 11, 2:Tiberius tantis rebus,
Tac. A. 4, 11.— Hence,Vexatious, severe:C.quid magis sollicitum, magis exercitum dici potest?
Cic. Mil. 2, 5:finem tam exercitae militiae orabant,
Tac. A. 1, 35:dura hiems, exercita aestas,
id. ib. 1, 17:aestas (with inquieta),
Plin. Ep. 7, 2, 2:infantiam pueritiamque habuit laboriosam et exercitam,
Suet. Tib. 6 init. —Disciplined:(miles) exercitatus et vetus ob eam rem fortior (opp. rudis et inexercitatus),
Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38:mirum in modum juventus,
Flor. 1, 3, 2:proprio in metu, qui exercitam quoque eloquentiam debilitat,
Tac. A. 3, 67:militia,
id. ib. 3, 20:ad omne flagitium,
id. ib. 14, 2:ingenium adulatione,
id. H. 4, 4:Graeca doctrina ore tenus,
id. A. 15, 45.— Comp. and sup.: exercitiorem, exercitissimum (dicebant antiqui), Paul. ex Fest. p. 81, 8 Müll. — Adv.: exercĭtē, in a practised manner; in comp.:cogitare,
App. M. 11, p. 272, 6.
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