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61 Caprotti, Arturo
[br]b. 22 March 1881 Cremona, Italyd. 9 February 1938 Milan, Italy[br]Italian engineer, inventor of Caprotti poppet valve gear for steam locomotives.[br]Caprotti graduated as a mechanical engineer at Turin Royal Polytechnic College and spent some years in the motor car industry. After researching the application of poppet valves to railway locomotives, he invented his rotary cam valve gear for poppet valves in 1915. Compared with usual slide and piston valves and valve gears, it offered independent timing of inlet and exhaust valves and a saving in weight. Valve gear to Caprotti's design was first fitted in 1920 to a 2−6−0 locomotive of the Italian State Railways, and was subsequently widely used there and elsewhere. Caprotti valve gear was first applied in Britain in 1926 to a Claughton class 4−6−0 of the London, Midland \& Scottish Railway, resulting in substantial fuel savings compared with a similar locomotive fitted with Walschaert's valve gear and piston valves. Others of the class were then fitted similarly. Caprotti valve gear never came into general use in Britain and its final application was in 1954 to British Railways class 8 4−6−2 no. 71000; this was intended as the prototype of a class of standard locomotives for express trains, but the class was never built, because diesel and electric locomotives took their place. Some components survived scrapping, and a reconstruction of the locomotive is in working order.[br]Further ReadingJohn Marshall, 1978, A Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.P.Ransome-Wallis (ed.), 1959, The Concise Encyclopaedia of World Railway Locomotives, London: Hutchinson (contains a note about Caprotti (p. 497) and a description of the valve gear (p. 301).PJGR -
62 speed
1) скорость (линейная, угловая); частота вращения; число оборотов || скоростной2) быстродействие || быстродействующий3) величина вектора скорости, абсолютная величина вектора скорости4) ускорять•to low the speed — уменьшать скорость, замедлять ход или движение
- access speedto speed up — ускорять; разгонять; увеличивать частоту вращения или число оборотов
- actual speed
- adjustable speed
- advance speed
- average calculating speed
- average speed
- axis drive speed
- axis movement speed
- axis speed
- backing-out speed
- balancing speed
- band speed
- blade speed
- block-processing speed
- boring speed
- breaking speed
- broaching speed
- calculating speed
- Cartesian speed
- circuit speed
- circumferential speed
- climbing speed
- clock speed
- computation speed
- computational speed
- computer speed
- computing speed
- computing system speed
- constant speed
- control's clock speed
- conveyance speed
- conveying speed
- copying speed
- copy-turning speed
- creep-feed speed
- creeping speed
- critical speed
- cutter feed speed
- cutting feed speed
- cutting speed for milling
- cutting speed
- data transfer speed
- decreasing speed
- delivery speed
- derricking speed
- descending speed
- drawing speed
- drilling speed
- drive speed
- driven speed
- driving speed of saw blade
- encroaching speed
- fast traverse speed
- feed speed
- feeding speed
- final speed
- free-running speed
- full speed
- gaging speed
- gear-cutting speed
- given speed
- grinding speed
- ground speed
- high speed
- ideal unload speed
- idling speed
- increasing speed
- indexing speed
- infinitely adjustable speed
- initial speed
- input speed
- instantaneous rotational speed
- instruction speed
- laser beam scanning speed
- laser beam travel speed
- lifting speed
- line speed
- link speed
- load speed
- load-lifting speed
- load-lowering speed
- low end speed
- low speed
- machining speed
- mating speed
- maximum speed
- mean speed
- midstroke speed
- milling speed
- motor speed
- net cutting speed
- no-load speed
- normal speed
- n-th-critical speed
- operation speed
- output speed
- over speed
- peripheral grinding speed
- peripheral speed
- periphery speed
- piston speed
- planer speed
- planing speed
- positioning speed
- precision load-lowering speed
- preset speed
- pressing speed
- process speed
- processing speed
- production line speed
- quick-return speed
- reaming speed
- reciprocating speed of ram
- reduced speed
- related speeds
- response speed
- resultant cutting speed
- retraction speed
- return speed
- reverse speed
- rim speed
- rolling speed
- rotary speed
- rotating speed
- rotational speed
- rough workpiece spindle speed
- rubbing speed
- running speed
- sawing speed
- scanning speed
- sensory control speed
- service speed
- servoresponse speed
- shaft speed
- shaper speed
- short-motion speed
- slewing speed
- slow speed
- specific speed
- speed of ascent
- speed of descent
- speed of transmission
- spindle rotational speed
- stepless spindle speed
- storage speed
- straight-line speed
- stroke speed of press
- stroke speed
- stroking speed
- surface speed
- switching speeds
- synchronized-feed tapping speed
- synchronous speed
- takeup speed
- tape-selected spindle speed
- tapping speed
- terminal speed
- test speed
- threading speed
- tool feed speed
- tool-changing speed
- tool-cutting speed
- tooth speed
- top speed
- top spindle speed
- tracing speed
- track speed
- tracking speed
- transport road speed
- transport speed
- travel speed
- traveling speed
- traverse speed per axis
- traverse speed
- turning speed
- unit speed of rotation
- variable speed
- wheel surface speed
- work rotational speedEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > speed
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63 Booth, Hubert Cecil
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering, Domestic appliances and interiors, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Ports and shipping[br]b. 1871 Gloucester, England d. 1955[br]English mechanical, civil and construction engineer best remembered as the inventor of the vacuum cleaner.[br]As an engineer Booth contributed to the design of engines for Royal Navy battleships, designed and supervised the erection of a number of great wheels (in Blackpool, Vienna and Paris) and later designed factories and bridges.In 1900 he attended a demonstration, at St Paneras Station in London, of a new form of railway carriage cleaner that was supposed to blow the dirt into a container. It was not a very successful experiment and Booth, having considered the problem carefully, decided that sucking might be better than blowing. He tried out his idea by placing a piece of damp cloth over an upholstered armchair. When he sucked air by mouth through his cloth the dirt upon it was tangible proof of his theory.Various attempts were being made at this time, especially in America, to find a successful cleaner of carpets and upholstery. Booth produced the first truly satisfactory machine, which he patented in 1901, and coined the term "vacuum cleaner". He formed the Vacuum Cleaner Co. (later to become Goblin BVC Ltd) and began to manufacture his machines. For some years the company provided a cleaning service to town houses, using a large and costly vacuum cleaner (the first model cost £350). Painted scarlet, it measured 54×10×42 in. (137×25×110 cm) and was powered by a petrol-driven 5 hp piston engine. It was transported through the streets on a horse-driven van and was handled by a team of operators who parked outside the house to be cleaned. With the aid of several hundred feet of flexible hose extending from the cleaner through the windows into all the rooms, the machine sucked the dirt of decades from the carpets; at the first cleaning the weight of many such carpets was reduced by 50 per cent as the dirt was sucked away.Many attempts were made in Europe and America to produce a smaller and less expensive machine. Booth himself designed the chief British model in 1906, the Trolley- Vac, which was wheeled around the house on a trolley. Still elaborate, expensive and heavy, this machine could, however, be operated inside a room and was powered from an electric light fitting. It consisted of a sophisticated electric motor and a belt-driven rotary vacuum pump. Various hoses and fitments made possible the cleaning of many different surfaces and the dust was trapped in a cloth filter within a small metal canister. It was a superb vacuum cleaner but cost 35 guineas and weighed a hundredweight (50 kg), so it was difficult to take upstairs.Various alternative machines that were cheaper and lighter were devised, but none was truly efficient until a prototype that married a small electric motor to the machine was produced in 1907 in America.[br]Further ReadingThe Story of the World's First Vacuum Cleaner, Leatherhead: BSR (Housewares) Ltd. See also Hoover, William Henry.DY -
64 blower
1) воздуходувка; нагнетательный вентилятор, нагнетатель2) конвертерщик4) полигр. раздуватель5) стеклодув•-
agitating blower
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air blower
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air-sand blower
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auxiliary blower
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axial-blow blower
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blast-furnace blower
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bucket-wheel blower
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cased-in blower
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centrifugal blower
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chalk blower
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chip blower
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core blower
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delivery blower
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displacement blower
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edge blower
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exhaust blower
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fan blower
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feed blower
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flue gas blower
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forced draft blower
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front blower
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gas-engine blower
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glass blower
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grain blower
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helical blower
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hot blower
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ice blower
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induced-draft blower
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jet blower
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long-lance retracting blower
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methane blower
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multiple-nozzle rotating blower
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multistage blower
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paint blower
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piston blower
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positive displacement blower
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positive blower
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powder blower
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pressure blower
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reciprocating blower
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rotary blower
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seed blower
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side blower
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single-stage blower
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single-suction blower
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slag blower
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snow blower
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soot blower
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steam jet blower
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tank car blower
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traction-motor blower
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turbine-driven blower
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two-lobe blower
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vane blower
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wall blower -
65 поршневой гидро- или пневмодвигатель с ограниченным углом поворота
Robots: piston limited rotary motorУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > поршневой гидро- или пневмодвигатель с ограниченным углом поворота
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66 поршневой двигатель с ограниченным углом поворота
Mechanics: piston limited rotary motorУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > поршневой двигатель с ограниченным углом поворота
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67 pump
насос; подавать насосом; нагнетать; pump prime - образовывать вакуум в насосе pump adjustable delivery - дозирующий насос pump air - воздушный насос pump aspirator (aspiring) - всасывающий насос pump automatic suction - самовсасывающий насос pump bail - насос для откачки зоды pump ball - шаровой насос pump bilge - трюмный (осушительный) насос pump booster - подкачивающий насос; переносный насос на пожарных автомобилях (используемый с рукавами малого диаметра) pump borehole - погружной центробежный насос pump bucket hand - гидропульт-ведро pump centrifugal - центробежный насос pump charge (charging) - нагнетательный (подтшточный) насос pump circulating (circulation) - циркуляционный насос pump compression - компрессор pump deep - погружной насос pump delivery - подающий (нагнетательный, напорный) насос pump diaphragm - диафрагменный насос pump differential - дифференциальный насос pump double-acting - насос двойного действия pump drowned - погружной насос pump drum - ротационный насос pump ejector - струйный насос, эжектор pump ejector water air - водоструйный воздушный насос pump emergency - аварийный насос pump feed - питательный насос pump flexible-hose - рукавный насос pump floating - насос на плаву (для забора воды непосредственно с поверхности водоисточника) pump foam - пеносмеситель pump force - нагнетательный или напорный насос; циркуляционный насос pump four-stage - четырехступенчатый насос pump fuel - топливный насос, насос для подачи горючего pump gasoline - бензонасос; насос с бензиновым двигателем pump gear - шестеренчатый насос pump hand(-operated) - ручной насос pump heat - тепловой насос pump high-capacity (high-duty) - высокопроизводительный насос pump high-lift (high-pressure) - насос высокого давления pump hydraulic - гидронасос; насос гидропривода pump hydraulically-driven - насос с гидроприводом pump hydraulic control - насос системы гидроуправления pump immersed - погружной насос pump impeller - лопастной или центробежный насос pump Indian - «индейский насос» (фирменное название ранцевого огнетушителя с ручным насосом) pump jet - струйный насос, эжектор pump jet air - воздушный струйный насос, воздушный эжектор pump lift - (водо)лодъемный насос pump line - насос на трубопроводной линии pump lube oil - масляный насос pump lube-oil transfer - маслолерека-чивающий насос pump lubricating (lubrication) (oil) - масляный насос pump manual (manually-operated) - ручной насос pump membrane - диафрагменный насос pump midship - разг насос среднего расположения (насос на шасси пожарного автомобиля сзади или под сиденьем водителя) pump motor(-driven) - электронасос pump multiple-stage (multistage) - многоступенчатый насос pump normal-pressure - насос нормального давления pump piston - поршневой насос pump portable - переносный насос pump power - насос с механическим приводом pump pressure - нагнетательный насос pump propeller - осевой насос pump rear-mounted - насос заднего расположения pump reciprocating - поршневой или плунжерный насос pump rotary - роторный насос pump self-priming - самозаливающийся (самовсасывающий) насос pump single-stage - одноступенчатый насос pump sprinkler - насос спринклерной системы пожаротушения steam pump fire - паровая пожарная помпа pump steam-jet - пароструйный насос, паровой эжектор pump stirrup - бугельный насос (насос с ножным кронштейном для удержания насоса в рабочем положении) pump stirrup hand - гидропульт-костыль pump submersible - погружной насос pump subsurface electrical water - погружной электронасос pump suction - всасывающий насос pump test - hacoc для гидравлических испытаний (напр. трубопроводов) pump trailer - насос, смонтированный на прицепе pump turbine(-driven) - турбонасос pump two-stage - двухступенчатый насос pump vacuum (air) - вакуумный насос pump vane - лопастной насос pump volute turbine - центробежный насос с диффузорами на выходе из каналов колеса pump vortex - вихревой насос pump water(-jet air) - водоструйный насос, эжектор pump wing - лопастной насос pump wrecking - насос для аварийно-спасательных работ -
68 hydraulic
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69 actuator
механическое устройство для перемещения; исполнительный механизм; привод (силовой); привод регулирующей заслонки; соленоид; актуатор; приводной механизм; рулевой привод; пускатель (силовой); рабочий орган; рукоятка для приведения в действие; рукоятка привода; рычаг для пуска; усилитель; двигатель; управляющее устройство; переключатель; механизм управления клапанов; механизм управления штуцеров; привод головок- actuator arm - actuator assembly - actuator axis - actuator cylinder - actuator drive signal - actuator force - actuator-gear-load assembly - actuator handle - actuator length - actuator level - actuator lock - actuator mechanism - actuator of sensitive switch - actuator operated valve - actuator package - actuator pin - actuator power - actuator ramp - actuator response time - actuator screw - actuator solenoid - actuator valve - air actuator - air-oil actuator - arm actuator - band actuator - bellows actuator - bin actuator - brake valve actuator - cam actuator - control actuator - control-rod actuator - cylinder actuator - diaphragm actuator - digital actuator - double-toggle actuator - double-vane actuator - driving actuator - dual body actuator - electric actuator - electrostatic actuator - exhaust gas recirculation actuator - frequency-controlled actuator - governor actuator - governor control air actuator - high-output low-speed actuator - hydraulic actuator - hydraulic linear actuator - hydraulic motor actuator - joint actuator - linear actuator - load feel actuator - manual valve actuator - master cylinder actuator - mechanical valve actuator - multiposition actuator - pilot solenoid controlled valve actuator - piston-rack type actuator - pneumatic actuator - power-operated actuator - relay actuator - retracting actuator - rocker actuator - rotary actuator - self-contained actuator - single-vane actuator - spring-type brake actuator - torque actuator - valve actuator
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