-
1 Róma-borg
f. the city of Rome, Eluc. 50, passim; Rómaborgar keisari, höfðingi, lýðr, the Roman emperor, king, people, Eluc. 50, Fms, vii. 86, 99, 221; Rómaborgar lög, kirkja, the Roman law, church, 645. 98, H. E. i 464; Rómaborgar ríki, the Roman empire, Bs. i. 71; but also -
2 Rómaríki
n. the Roman empire. -
3 Róm-verjar
and Rúm-verjar, m. pl. the Romans, Fms. i. 106, Hkr. i. 8, and passim in old and mod. usage; thus, Pistillinn til Rómverja, the Epistle to the Romans, N. T.; Rómverja kirkja, the Roman church, Stj.; Rómverja herr, höfðingi, keisari, konungr, land, riki, veldi, the Roman army, chief, emperor, king;, land, empire, kingdom, Symb. 9, Clem. 26, 42, MS. 673. 51, Stj., Ver. 46, Bær 12, and passim. -
4 GARÐR
(-s, -ar), m.1) fence, wall;2) enclosed space, yard (cf. aldin-garðr, grasgarðr, kirkjugarðr);3) court-yard, court (þeir gánga út í garíinn ok berjast); riða í garð, to arrive; riða (fara) ór garði, to depart; fig., helmingr skal falla í minn garð, the half shall fall into my share; skal aukast þriðjungi í þínum garði, in thy keeping; hyggjum vér, at í yðvarn garð hafi runnit, into your hands, your possession; gøra e-n af garði, to equip one (as a son, a friend, when departing from home); líðr vetr ór garði, the winter passes by;4) house, dwelling;5) stronghold, castle (cf. Ás-garðr, Út-garðar).* * *m. [Ulf. gards = οικος; A. S. geard; Engl. yard, garth, garden; O. H. G. gart; Germ. garten; Dan.-Swed. gård; Lat. hortus]:I. a yard (an enclosed space), esp. in compds, as kirkju-g., a church-yard; vín-g., a vineyard; stakk-g., a stack-yard; hey-g., a hay-yard; kál-g., a kale-yard; urta-g., a kitchen-garden; aldin-g. and gras-g., a garden; dýra-g., a ‘deer-yard,’ a park:—garðr, alone, is a hay-yard (round the hay-ricks); hence garðs-seti or garð-seti, q. v.2. a court-yard, court and premises; þeir ganga út í garðinn ok berjask, Edda 25, a paraphrase from ‘túnum’ in Gm. 41; þeir Grímr hittu menn at máli úti í garðinum, Eg. 109; þá sá hann at öðrum-megin í garðinum brunaði fram merkit, Ó. H. 31; ganga til garðs, 71; mikill kamarr ( privy) var í garðinun, id.; en er þeir Hrærekr sátu í garðinum, 72; fóru þegar þangat í garðinn sem líkin vóru, id.; er hann kom heim í þorpit ok gékk um garðinn, Fms. x. 218; gengið hef eg um garðinn móð, gleðistundir dvína, a ditty; innan stokks ( within doors) eða í garði úti, Gþl. 136; eigi nenni ek at hann deyi undir görðum mínum, Lv. 59:—a fishyard, Vm. 14.3. esp. in Norway, Denmark, and Sweden, a house or building in a town or village, [Dan. gaard = Icel. bær]; hann var í Hróiskeldu ok átti þar garð, Bjarn. 6; Egill spurði hvar g. sá væri í borginni (in York) er Arinbjörn setti, Eg. 407; hann var í garði þeim er Hallvarðs-g. var kallaðr, Bs. i. 634; í garð Arons, 636; konungs-g., the king’s yard, Fms. passim and in records referring to Norway. garða-leiga, u, f. house-rent, H. E. i. 394. garða-sól, f., botan. the orach, Hjalt. garðs-bóndi, a, m. a house-owner, Grett. 103, Jb. 157. garðs-horn, n. a ‘yard-nook,’ cottage, Fas. iii. 648: esp. in tales, in the phrase, kongur og drottning í ríki sínu og karl og kerling í Garðshorni, Ísl. Þjóðs. passim: the saying, það er ekki krókr að koma í Garðshorn. garðs-húsfreyja, u, f. a town-lady, Grett. 158 A: in Icel., where the whole population are country-folk, this sense of garðr is only used in metaph. phrases, saws, = home, house; kemr engi sá til garðs ( to the house) at viti hvat í sé, Band. 13; fátækum manni er til garðs kemr, Dipl. ii. 14; hyggjum ver at í yðvarn garð hafi runnit, into your hands, your possession, Ld. 206; helmingr skal falla í minn garð, the half shall fall into my share, Fær. 117; skal aukask þriðjungi í þínum garði, in thy keeping, Nj. 3; þótt nökkut komi þat ór várum garði, 54; leggja málaferli í garð e-s, to bring a case home to one, Sturl. ii. 27; þess alls ens ílla sem þá var honum í garð borit, all the evil that was brought to his door, Hom. 119; Guð í garði ok góð Jól, a greeting, Grett. 99 (MS.); líðr vetr ór garði, the winter passed by, Nj. 112; ríða í garð, to arrive (of a rider), Sturl. iii. 185; ríða ór garði, to depart, Ld. 96; ríða um garð, to pass by; vísa gestum á garð várn, Fas. iii. 5; göra e-n af garði (mod. ór garði), to equip one when departing, e. g. a son, a friend, or the like; eigi ertú svá af garði görr sem ek vilda (a mother to a departing son), Grett. 94; hversu herralega keisarinn görði hann af garði, Karl. 148; ok hefða ek gört þik af garði með gleði ok fagnaði, Stj. 181; but esp. to endow a daughter when married, göra dóttur sína vel (ílla) ór garði, etc.; búa í garð, to prepare; hann hefir svá í garðinn búit, he has made his bed so: the phrase, það er allt um garð gengið, all past, done, bygone; föður-g., father house, paternal house; bú-garðr, an estate: also in poets, í Eyjafirði upp á Grund á þann garðinn fríða, a ditty:—a local name of several farms in Icel., Garðr, sing., or more usually Garðar, Landn., prob. from corn-fields: the saying, víðar er Guð enn í Görðum, addressed to presumptuous people who think God is God only for themselves.4. denoting a stronghold; tann-g., the ‘tooth-wall,’ the teeth and gums, Gr. ερκος οδόντων; Ás-garðr, the hold of the gods, Edda; Mið-garðr, Middle-hold, i. e. the earth; Út-garðar, Outer-hold, where the giants dwell, Edda: the phrase, ráðast á garðinn þar sem hann er laegstr, to assault the weakest part, to encroach upon the weak and helpless.5. in western Icel. a heavy snow-storm is called garðr.II. in Icel. sense a fence of any kind; garðr of þjóðbraut þvera, Grág. ii. 264: in the law phrase, garðr er granna sættir, a fence ( yard) is a settler among neighbours (i. e. forms the landmark), Gþl., Jb. 258; leggja garða, to make fences, Rm. 12, Landn. App. 325; þeir biðu hjá garði nokkurum, Nj. 170: esp. the fence around the homefield, also called tún-g., Grág. i. 82, 453, Nj. 83, 114, Eg. 766, Ld. 148. Ísl. ii. 357, passim; skíð-g., a rail fence; grjót-g., a stone fence; torf-g., a turf fence; haga-g., the hedge of a pasture, Eb. 132; tún-g., a ‘tún’ fence; virkis-g., a castle wall, Fb. ii. 73 (in a verse); stíflu-g., a ditch: rif-g., a swathe.COMPDS: garðsendi, garðshlið, garðskrókr, garðsrúst, garðsönn.III. Garðar, m. pl. (í Görðum), Garða-ríki or Garða-veldi, n. the empire of Gardar, is the old Scandin. name of the Scandinavian-Russian kingdom of the 10th and 11th centuries, parts of which were Hólm-garðar, Kænu-garðar, Nov-gorod, etc.; the name being derived from the castles or strongholds ( gardar) which the Scandinavians erected among the Slavonic people, and the word tells the same tale as the Roman ‘castle’ in England; cp. the interesting passage in Ó. H. ch. 65—ok má enn sjá þær jarðborgir (earth-works, castles) ok önnur stórvirki þau er hann görði,—K. Þ. K. 158, Fms., Ó. H. passim, (cp. Munch Det Norske Folks Hist. i. 39 sqq.); the mod. Russ. gorod and grad are the remains of the old Scandin. garðr = a castle; cp. Gerzkr, adj. from Gardar, i. e. Russian,β. Mikli-garðr—the ‘Muckle-yard’ the Great town, i. e. Constantinople, passim.COMPDS: Garðaríkismenn, Garðskonungr.
См. также в других словарях:
Roman Empire — Roman Em|pire the Roman Empire the countries of Europe, north Africa, and western Asia that were ruled by the ancient Romans from around 44 ↑BC until ↑AD 395, when the ↑empire was divided into two parts. The Western Roman Empire continued until… … Dictionary of contemporary English
Roman Empire — empire established (27 B.C. ) by Augustus, succeeding the Roman Republic: at its peak it included W & S Europe, Britain, Asia Minor, N Africa, & the lands of the E Mediterranean: divided (A.D. 395) into the EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE and the WESTERN… … English World dictionary
Roman Empire — For other senses of the term, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). Imperium Romanum redirects here. For the video game, see Imperium Romanum (video game). Roman Empire Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Senate and … Wikipedia
Roman Empire — 1. the lands and peoples subject to the authority of ancient Rome. 2. the form of government established in ancient Rome in 27 B.C., comprising the Principate or Early Empire (27 B.C. A.D. 284) and the Autocracy or Later Empire (A.D. 284 476). 3 … Universalium
Roman Empire — noun an empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the eastern or Byzantine Empire; at its peak lands in Europe and Africa and Asia were ruled by ancient Rome • Members of this Region:… … Useful english dictionary
Roman Empire — /roʊmən ˈɛmpaɪə/ (say rohmuhn empuyuh) noun 1. the lands and peoples subject to the authority of ancient Rome. 2. the form of government established in ancient Rome in 27 BC, comprising the Principate or Early Empire (27 BC to AD 284) and the… …
Roman Empire (disambiguation) — Roman Empire usually refers to the government centered in Rome and in its successor capitals on the Italian peninsula from 27 BC to 395 AD.Roman Empire may also refer to:*Roman Republic (6th century 1st century BC) *Eastern Roman Empire (330… … Wikipedia
Roman Empire, Eastern — the eastern half of the Roman Empire, which maintained itself for a thousand years after the western half broke up in the late 5th century AD. The eastern half survived until 1453 as the Byzantine Empire (q.v.). * * * … Universalium
Roman Empire — noun the empire under Roman rule established in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western or Latin and Eastern or Greek Empire … English new terms dictionary
Roman Empire — Ro′man Em′pire n. 1) anh geg the lands and peoples subject to the authority of ancient Rome 2) anh the imperial form of government established in Rome in 27 b.c., comprising the Principate or Early Empire (27 b.c. – a.d. 284) and the Autocracy or … From formal English to slang
Roman Empire — noun /ˈɹəʊmən ˈɛmpaɪə,ˈɹoʊmən ˈɛmpaɪɚ/ An empire that used to exist between 85 and 476 ; it encompassed territories stretching from Britain and Germany to North Africa and the Persian Gulf. Syn: Rome … Wiktionary
