-
1 Adam, Robert
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 3 July 1728 Kirkcaldy, Scotlandd. 3 March 1792 London, England[br]Scottish architect, active mostly in England, who led the neo-classical movement between 1760 and 1790.[br]Robert Adam was a man of outstanding talent, immense energy dedicated to his profession, and of great originality, who utilized all sources of classical art from ancient Greece and Rome as well as from the Renaissance and Baroque eras in Italy. He was also a very practical exponent of neo-classicism and believed in using the latest techniques to produce fine craftsmanship.Of particular interest to him was stucco, the material needed for elegant, finely crafted ceiling and wall designs. Stucco, though the Italian word for plaster, refers architecturally to a specific form of the material. Known as Stucco duro (hard plaster), its use and composition dates from the days of ancient Rome. Giovanni da Udine, a pupil of Raphael, having discovered some fine stucco antico in the ruins of the Palace of Titus in Rome, carried out extensive research during the Italian Renaissance in order to discover its precise composition; it was a mixture of powdered crystalline limestone (travertine), river sand, water and powdered white marble. The marble produced an exceptionally hard stucco when set, thereby differentiating it from plaster-work, and was a material fine enough to make delicate relief and statuary work possible.In the 1770s Robert Adam's ceiling and wall designs were characterized by low-relief, delicate, classical forms. He and his brothers, who formed the firm of Adam Brothers, were interested in a stucco which would be especially fine grained and hard setting. A number of new products then appearing on the market were easier to handle than earlier ones. These included a stucco by Mr David Wark, patented in 1765, and another by a Swiss clergyman called Liardet in 1773; the Adam firm purchased both patents and obtained an Act of Parliament authorizing them to be the sole vendors and makers of this stucco, which they called "Adam's new invented patent stucco". More new versions appeared, among which was one by a Mr Johnson, who claimed it to be an improvement. The Adam Brothers, having paid a high price for their rights, took him to court. The case was decided in 1778 by Lord Mansfield, a fellow Scot and a patron (at Kenwood), who,[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMember of the Society of Arts 1758. FRS 1761. Architect to the King's Works 1761.Bibliography1764, Ruins of the Palace of the Emperor Diocletian at Spalatro.1773, Works in Architecture of Robert and James Adam.Further ReadingA.T.Bolton, 1922, The Architecture of Robert and James Adam, 1758–1794, 2 vols, Country Life.J.Fleming, 1962, Robert Adam and his Circle, Murray. J.Lees-Milne, 1947, The Age of Adam, Batsford.J.Rykwert and A.Rykwert, 1985, The Brothers Adam, Collins. D.Yarwood, 1970, Robert Adam, Dent.DY
См. также в других словарях:
Robert Adam — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Robert Adam Robert Adam (3 de julio de 1728 3 de marzo de 1792) fue un arquitecto, diseñador de interiores y muebles neoclásico escocés … Wikipedia Español
Robert Adam — Infobox Architect caption = Portrait attributed to George Willison, c.1770 75 name = Robert Adam nationality = Scottish birth date = 3 July 1728 birth place = Linktown of Abbotshall (now Kirkcaldy), Fife death date = 3 March 1792 (Aged 63) death… … Wikipedia
Adam, Robert — born July 3, 1728, Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scot. died March 3, 1792, London, Eng. Scottish architect and designer. Son of the architect William Adam, he apprenticed in his father s offices. He traveled in Europe in 1754–58, studying architectural theory … Universalium
Robert Mylne — Infobox Architect caption=Engraving of Mylne, aged 24, by Vincenzio Vangelisti, after a drawing by Richard Brompton. name=Robert Mylne nationality=Scottish birth date=4 January 1733 birth place=Edinburgh death date=5 May 1811 death place=Great… … Wikipedia
William Adam (architect) — Infobox Architect caption = Portrait by William Aikman, 1727 name = William Adam nationality = Scottish birth date = October 1689 birth place = Linktown of Abbotshall (now Kirkcaldy), Fife death date = 24 June 1748 (aged 58) death place =… … Wikipedia
John Adam (architect) — John Adam (5 March 1721 ndash; 25 June 1792) was a Scottish architect. Born in Linktown of Abbotshall, now part of Kirkcaldy, Fife, he was the eldest son of architect and entrepreneur William Adam. His younger brothers Robert and James Adam also… … Wikipedia
Robert Walpole — For other people named Robert Walpole, see Robert Walpole (disambiguation). The Right Honourable The Earl of Orford KG KB PC … Wikipedia
Robert Browning — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Browning. Robert Browning … Wikipédia en Français
Adam Mickiewicz — Born Adam Bernard Mickiewicz, December 24, 1798(1798 12 24), Zaosie, Russian Empire Died … Wikipedia
Adam Bede — Auteur George Eliot Genre Roman Version originale Titre original Adam Bede Éditeur original William Blackwood Sons Langue originale anglais Pays d or … Wikipédia en Français
Adam Oehlenschläger — Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger Portrait of Adam Oehlenschläger by Christian Albrecht Jensen (1825) Born 14 November 1779(1779 11 14) Copenhagen, Denmark … Wikipedia
