reserare

rĕ-sĕro, sēvi, 3, v. a., to sow or plant again; to plant with any thing, Varr. L. L. 5, § 39 Müll.; Col. 4, 33, 3; 3, 11, 2; Plin. 18, 20, 49, § 183.

rĕ-sĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [3. sero], to unlock, unclose, open (syn.: recludo, pando, aperio; class.; esp. freq. after the Aug. per.).

Lit.:

hi domos suas claudunt aut reserant,

Plin. 10, 21, 24, § 49; so,

fores,

Tib. 1, 2, 18; 1, 8, 60; Ov. M. 10, 384:

valvas,

id. ib. 4, 761:

postes,

Tib. 1, 2, 31:

limina,

Verg. A. 7, 613:

januam,

Ov. F. 2, 455:

carcerem,

id. Am. 3, 2, 77; cf.:

portas hosti,

id. A. A. 3, 577:

illi moenia,

id. M. 8, 61:

claustra,

Sil. 7, 334:

Italiam exteris gentibus,

Cic. Phil. 7, 1, 2 (cf. also Italiam, Tac. H. 3, 2 fin. ex conj.):

urbem reserare et pandere portas,

Verg. A. 12, 584:

infernas sedes (with recludere),

id. ib. 8, 244:

aures,

Liv. 40, 8 fin.:

pectus,

Ov. M. 6, 663: latebras insidiarum, Amm. 14, 11, 9:

urbem,

to take by storm, id. 15, 8, 19.— Poet.:

simulac species patefacta est verna diei Et reserata viget genetabilis aura Favoni,

Lucr. 1, 11.—

Trop.

In gen., to open, lay open, unclose: nos ausi reserare..., Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 51, 171 (Ann. v. 226 Vahl.):

nec ita claudenda res est familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit, nec ita reseranda, ut pateat omnibus,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 55:

obsaepta diutinā servitute ora reseramus,

Plin. Pan. 66 fin.:

ubi, Jane biceps, longum reseraveris annum,

open, begin, Ov. P. 4, 4, 23; cf.:

aperire annum fastosque reserare (as consul),

Plin. Pan. 58, 4:

emicuit reserata dies,

Val. Fl. 1, 655.—

In partic., to disclose, reveal something unknown:

oracula mentis,

Ov. M. 15, 145:

secreta,

Val. Fl. 2, 438:

futura,

Sil. 7, 436:

operta animi,

Mamert. Grat. Act. ad Julian. 17: commissa, Petr. poët. Fragm. 28, 6.

clam (old access. form callim, or, acc. to Cod. Gu. 1, calam, Paul. ex Fest. p. 47, 3 Müll.) [root cal-; cf.: calix, celo, cella, occulo, caligo], adv. and prep., secretly, privately; and in the predicate after sum and fore, hidden, secret, unknown (opp. palam; except once in Caes., v. II. infra; in class. prose only used as adv.).

In gen.: clamque palamque, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (247 Vahl.): ignis mortalibus clam Divisus, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23:

mea nunc facinora aperiuntur, clam quae speravi fore,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 21; cf. Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 46; Lucr. 5, 1157:

nec id clam esse potuit,

Liv. 5, 36, 6: clam mordax canis (Gr. lathrodêktês kuôn), Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 27; cf. Amm. 15, 3, 5; Ter. And. 2, 6, 13; Cat. 21, 5; cf. Ov. Am. 3, 14, 8:

clam peperit uxor,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 15:

hanc tu mihi vel vi, vel clam, vel precario Fac tradas (a jurid. formula),

id. Eun. 2, 3, 28; cf. Cic. Caecin. 32, 92:

qui propter avaritiam clam depositum non reddidit,

id. Tusc. 3, 8, 17:

clam mussitantes,

Liv. 33, 31, 1; Suet. Tib. 6:

praemissis confestim clam cohortibus,

id. Caes. 31; id. Ner. 34:

ille Sychaeum Clam ferro incautum superat,

stealthily, Verg. A. 1, 350:

nec dic quid doleas, clam tamen usque dole,

Ov. R. Am. 694:

cui te commisit alendum Clam,

id. M. 13, 432; cf. id. ib. 14, 310 al.—

Esp.

With advv.; with furtim, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 49;

with furtive,

id. ib. 5, 2, 61;

with occulte,

Plin. 36, 2, 2, § 6; poet. with tacitus:

tacito clam venit illa pede, and similar words,

Tib. 1, 10, 34; 4, 6, 16; cf.:

strepito nullo clam reserare fores,

id. 1, 8, 60; opp. palam, Enn. l. l.; Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 63; Cic. Cael. 9, 20; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 23; id. Fam. 1, 1, 4; Tib. 2, 1, 84; Suet. Caes. 80; id. Dom. 2;

and opp. propalam,

Suet. Ner. 22.—

With gen.:

res exulatum at illam clam abibat patris,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 43 Ritschl (cf. lathrê Laomedontos, Hom. Il. 5, 269).—

Clam est, with subj.-clause (cf. II. B. infra):

meretricem commoneri Quam sane magni referat, nil clam'st,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 9.—

Prep., without the knowledge of, unknown to, constr. with abl. or acc.

With abl. (only in the two foll. passages; for Plaut. Merc. 3, 2, 2; 4, 6, 5; id. Curc. 1, 3, 17; id. Am. prol. 107 al., where the abl. formerly stood with clam, have been corrected by Ritschl and recent edd.; v. Speng. ad Ter. And. 1, 5, 52;

but cf. Ussing ad Plaut. Curc. l.l.): nec clam durateus Trojanis Pergama partu Inflammasset equos,

Lucr. 1, 476 Munro ad loc.:

non sibi clam vobis salutem fuga petivit?

Caes. B. C. 2, 32.—

With acc.:

clam uxorem,

Plaut. As. Grex. 1; id. Cas. prol. 54: clam uxorem et clam filium, [p. 348] id. Merc. 3, 2, 2:

matrem,

id. Mil. 2, 1, 34:

patrem,

id. Merc. 2, 3, 8; 3, 4, 75; id. Truc. 2, 1, 37 Speng.; Gell. 2, 23, 16:

senem,

Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 13:

uxorem,

id. Cas. 2, 8, 32; id. As. Grex. 5; id. Men. 1, 2, 43; 5, 9, 78; id. Merc. 4, 6, 3 Ritschl:

virum,

id. Cas. 2, 2, 28; id. Am. prol. 107:

clam alter alterum,

id. Cas. prol. 51:

illum,

id. Merc. 2, 3, 26:

omnīs,

id. Aul. prol. 7:

clam praesidia Pompeii, Auct. B. Hisp. 3: clam quemdam Philonem,

id. ib. 35:

nostros,

id. ib. 16:

dominum,

Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 14:

haec clam me omnia,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 46.—

Clam me est, it is unknown to me, I know not (only in Plaut. and Ter.):

neque adeo clam me est,

Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 19:

haud clam me est,

id. ib. 3, 4, 10; so id. ib. 4, 1, 53;

4, 2, 1: nec clam te est, quam, etc.,

id. And. 1, 5, 52.—

Clam habere aliquem = celare aliquem, to keep secret from one, conceal from, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 35; cf. Prisc. p. 988 P.; Pomp. Comm. Art. Don. p. 399.

clam (old access. form callim, or, acc. to Cod. Gu. 1, calam, Paul. ex Fest. p. 47, 3 Müll.) [root cal-; cf.: calix, celo, cella, occulo, caligo], adv. and prep., secretly, privately; and in the predicate after sum and fore, hidden, secret, unknown (opp. palam; except once in Caes., v. II. infra; in class. prose only used as adv.).

In gen.: clamque palamque, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (247 Vahl.): ignis mortalibus clam Divisus, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23:

mea nunc facinora aperiuntur, clam quae speravi fore,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 21; cf. Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 46; Lucr. 5, 1157:

nec id clam esse potuit,

Liv. 5, 36, 6: clam mordax canis (Gr. lathrodêktês kuôn), Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 27; cf. Amm. 15, 3, 5; Ter. And. 2, 6, 13; Cat. 21, 5; cf. Ov. Am. 3, 14, 8:

clam peperit uxor,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 15:

hanc tu mihi vel vi, vel clam, vel precario Fac tradas (a jurid. formula),

id. Eun. 2, 3, 28; cf. Cic. Caecin. 32, 92:

qui propter avaritiam clam depositum non reddidit,

id. Tusc. 3, 8, 17:

clam mussitantes,

Liv. 33, 31, 1; Suet. Tib. 6:

praemissis confestim clam cohortibus,

id. Caes. 31; id. Ner. 34:

ille Sychaeum Clam ferro incautum superat,

stealthily, Verg. A. 1, 350:

nec dic quid doleas, clam tamen usque dole,

Ov. R. Am. 694:

cui te commisit alendum Clam,

id. M. 13, 432; cf. id. ib. 14, 310 al.—

Esp.

With advv.; with furtim, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 49;

with furtive,

id. ib. 5, 2, 61;

with occulte,

Plin. 36, 2, 2, § 6; poet. with tacitus:

tacito clam venit illa pede, and similar words,

Tib. 1, 10, 34; 4, 6, 16; cf.:

strepito nullo clam reserare fores,

id. 1, 8, 60; opp. palam, Enn. l. l.; Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 63; Cic. Cael. 9, 20; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 23; id. Fam. 1, 1, 4; Tib. 2, 1, 84; Suet. Caes. 80; id. Dom. 2;

and opp. propalam,

Suet. Ner. 22.—

With gen.:

res exulatum at illam clam abibat patris,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 43 Ritschl (cf. lathrê Laomedontos, Hom. Il. 5, 269).—

Clam est, with subj.-clause (cf. II. B. infra):

meretricem commoneri Quam sane magni referat, nil clam'st,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 9.—

Prep., without the knowledge of, unknown to, constr. with abl. or acc.

With abl. (only in the two foll. passages; for Plaut. Merc. 3, 2, 2; 4, 6, 5; id. Curc. 1, 3, 17; id. Am. prol. 107 al., where the abl. formerly stood with clam, have been corrected by Ritschl and recent edd.; v. Speng. ad Ter. And. 1, 5, 52;

but cf. Ussing ad Plaut. Curc. l.l.): nec clam durateus Trojanis Pergama partu Inflammasset equos,

Lucr. 1, 476 Munro ad loc.:

non sibi clam vobis salutem fuga petivit?

Caes. B. C. 2, 32.—

With acc.:

clam uxorem,

Plaut. As. Grex. 1; id. Cas. prol. 54: clam uxorem et clam filium, [p. 348] id. Merc. 3, 2, 2:

matrem,

id. Mil. 2, 1, 34:

patrem,

id. Merc. 2, 3, 8; 3, 4, 75; id. Truc. 2, 1, 37 Speng.; Gell. 2, 23, 16:

senem,

Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 13:

uxorem,

id. Cas. 2, 8, 32; id. As. Grex. 5; id. Men. 1, 2, 43; 5, 9, 78; id. Merc. 4, 6, 3 Ritschl:

virum,

id. Cas. 2, 2, 28; id. Am. prol. 107:

clam alter alterum,

id. Cas. prol. 51:

illum,

id. Merc. 2, 3, 26:

omnīs,

id. Aul. prol. 7:

clam praesidia Pompeii, Auct. B. Hisp. 3: clam quemdam Philonem,

id. ib. 35:

nostros,

id. ib. 16:

dominum,

Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 14:

haec clam me omnia,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 46.—

Clam me est, it is unknown to me, I know not (only in Plaut. and Ter.):

neque adeo clam me est,

Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 19:

haud clam me est,

id. ib. 3, 4, 10; so id. ib. 4, 1, 53;

4, 2, 1: nec clam te est, quam, etc.,

id. And. 1, 5, 52.—

Clam habere aliquem = celare aliquem, to keep secret from one, conceal from, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 35; cf. Prisc. p. 988 P.; Pomp. Comm. Art. Don. p. 399.

clam (old access. form callim, or, acc. to Cod. Gu. 1, calam, Paul. ex Fest. p. 47, 3 Müll.) [root cal-; cf.: calix, celo, cella, occulo, caligo], adv. and prep., secretly, privately; and in the predicate after sum and fore, hidden, secret, unknown (opp. palam; except once in Caes., v. II. infra; in class. prose only used as adv.).

In gen.: clamque palamque, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (247 Vahl.): ignis mortalibus clam Divisus, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23:

mea nunc facinora aperiuntur, clam quae speravi fore,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 21; cf. Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 46; Lucr. 5, 1157:

nec id clam esse potuit,

Liv. 5, 36, 6: clam mordax canis (Gr. lathrodêktês kuôn), Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 27; cf. Amm. 15, 3, 5; Ter. And. 2, 6, 13; Cat. 21, 5; cf. Ov. Am. 3, 14, 8:

clam peperit uxor,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 15:

hanc tu mihi vel vi, vel clam, vel precario Fac tradas (a jurid. formula),

id. Eun. 2, 3, 28; cf. Cic. Caecin. 32, 92:

qui propter avaritiam clam depositum non reddidit,

id. Tusc. 3, 8, 17:

clam mussitantes,

Liv. 33, 31, 1; Suet. Tib. 6:

praemissis confestim clam cohortibus,

id. Caes. 31; id. Ner. 34:

ille Sychaeum Clam ferro incautum superat,

stealthily, Verg. A. 1, 350:

nec dic quid doleas, clam tamen usque dole,

Ov. R. Am. 694:

cui te commisit alendum Clam,

id. M. 13, 432; cf. id. ib. 14, 310 al.—

Esp.

With advv.; with furtim, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 49;

with furtive,

id. ib. 5, 2, 61;

with occulte,

Plin. 36, 2, 2, § 6; poet. with tacitus:

tacito clam venit illa pede, and similar words,

Tib. 1, 10, 34; 4, 6, 16; cf.:

strepito nullo clam reserare fores,

id. 1, 8, 60; opp. palam, Enn. l. l.; Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 63; Cic. Cael. 9, 20; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 23; id. Fam. 1, 1, 4; Tib. 2, 1, 84; Suet. Caes. 80; id. Dom. 2;

and opp. propalam,

Suet. Ner. 22.—

With gen.:

res exulatum at illam clam abibat patris,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 43 Ritschl (cf. lathrê Laomedontos, Hom. Il. 5, 269).—

Clam est, with subj.-clause (cf. II. B. infra):

meretricem commoneri Quam sane magni referat, nil clam'st,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 9.—

Prep., without the knowledge of, unknown to, constr. with abl. or acc.

With abl. (only in the two foll. passages; for Plaut. Merc. 3, 2, 2; 4, 6, 5; id. Curc. 1, 3, 17; id. Am. prol. 107 al., where the abl. formerly stood with clam, have been corrected by Ritschl and recent edd.; v. Speng. ad Ter. And. 1, 5, 52;

but cf. Ussing ad Plaut. Curc. l.l.): nec clam durateus Trojanis Pergama partu Inflammasset equos,

Lucr. 1, 476 Munro ad loc.:

non sibi clam vobis salutem fuga petivit?

Caes. B. C. 2, 32.—

With acc.:

clam uxorem,

Plaut. As. Grex. 1; id. Cas. prol. 54: clam uxorem et clam filium, [p. 348] id. Merc. 3, 2, 2:

matrem,

id. Mil. 2, 1, 34:

patrem,

id. Merc. 2, 3, 8; 3, 4, 75; id. Truc. 2, 1, 37 Speng.; Gell. 2, 23, 16:

senem,

Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 13:

uxorem,

id. Cas. 2, 8, 32; id. As. Grex. 5; id. Men. 1, 2, 43; 5, 9, 78; id. Merc. 4, 6, 3 Ritschl:

virum,

id. Cas. 2, 2, 28; id. Am. prol. 107:

clam alter alterum,

id. Cas. prol. 51:

illum,

id. Merc. 2, 3, 26:

omnīs,

id. Aul. prol. 7:

clam praesidia Pompeii, Auct. B. Hisp. 3: clam quemdam Philonem,

id. ib. 35:

nostros,

id. ib. 16:

dominum,

Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 14:

haec clam me omnia,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 46.—

Clam me est, it is unknown to me, I know not (only in Plaut. and Ter.):

neque adeo clam me est,

Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 19:

haud clam me est,

id. ib. 3, 4, 10; so id. ib. 4, 1, 53;

4, 2, 1: nec clam te est, quam, etc.,

id. And. 1, 5, 52.—

Clam habere aliquem = celare aliquem, to keep secret from one, conceal from, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 35; cf. Prisc. p. 988 P.; Pomp. Comm. Art. Don. p. 399.

claustra ( clostra, Cato, R. R. 13, 3; 135, 2), ōrum, n. (in sing.: claustrum, i, rare, Caes. Germ. Arat. 197; Curt. 4, 5, 21; 7, 6, 13; Petr. 89, 2, 7; Gell. 14, 6, 3; Luc. 10, 509; App. M. 4, 10, p. 146 fin.; Amm. 23, 4, 6; 26, 8, 8: clostrum, Sen. Ben. 7, 21, 2) [clausum, claudo], that by which any thing is shut up or closed, a lock, bar, bolt.

Prop.: claves, claustra, Varr. ap. Non. p. 545, 12:

claustra revellere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 5, 21, 10: januae pandere, * Cat. 61, 76:

laxare,

Verg. A. 2, 259:

relaxare,

Ov. Am. 1, 6, 17:

rumpere,

Verg. A. 9, 758:

diu claustris retentae ferae,

Liv. 42, 59, 2:

ferae claustris fractae,

Plin. Pan. 81, 3:

claustra pati,

to submit to confinement, Col. 8, 17, 8:

discutere,

Petr. 11, 2:

reserare,

Sil. 7, 334:

portarum ingentia claustra,

Verg. A. 7, 185; Val. Fl. 3, 53:

ferrea,

Mart. 10, 28, 8:

sub signo claustrisque rei publicae positum vectigal,

Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 21. —

Trop., a bar, band, barrier, bounds:

arta portarum naturae effringere,

i. e. to disclose its secrets, Lucr. 1, 72; cf.:

tua claustra fregerunt tui versus,

i. e. have become known, public, Plin. Ep. 2, 10, 3:

pudoris et reverentiae refringere,

id. ib. 2, 14, 4:

vitaï claustra resolvere,

to loose the bands of life, Lucr. 1, 416; 3, 397; 6, 1152:

temporum,

Vell. 1, 17, 4:

(animus) amat spatiis obstantia rumpere claustra (the figure drawn from the bounds of a racecourse),

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 9.—

In a more extended sense, a door or gate that shuts up any place, a dam, dike; meton., a place that is shut up:

urbis relinquant,

Ov. M. 4, 86; cf.

Thebarum,

Stat. Th. 10, 474.—Of sunken ships, closing a port, Liv. 37, 14, 7; cf.:

ubi demersis navibus frenassent claustra maris,

id. 37, 15, 1:

maris,

i.e. a harbor, haven, Sil. 12, 442:

undae,

a dam, id. 5, 44; cf.:

Lucrino addita,

Verg. G. 2, 161; cf. id. A. 1, 56:

Daedalea,

i. e. the Labyrinth, Sen. Hippol. 1166 al. —

In milit. lang., a barricade, bulwark, key, defence, fortress, wall, bank, etc., for warding off an enemy:

claustra loci,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84:

Corinthus in faucibus Graeciae, sic ut terra claustra locorum teneret,

id. Agr. 2, 32, 87:

Sutrium, quae urbs socia Romanis velut claustra Etruriae erat,

Liv. 9, 32. 1:

Aegypti,

id. 45, 11, 5; Tac. H. 2, 82; Suet. Vesp. 7:

tutissima praebet,

Liv. 42. 67, 6; cf. id. 6, 9, 4; 44, 7, 9; Tac. A. 2, 61 al.:

montium,

id. H. 3, 2:

Caspiarum,

id. ib. 1, 6:

maris,

id. ib. 3, 43; cf. Sil. 12, 442; Tac. A. 2, 59: suis claustris ( walls, intrenchments) impeditos turbant, id. ib. 12, 31; cf. id. ib. 4, 49:

regni claustra Philae,

Luc. 10, 312:

Africae,

Flor. 4, 2, 70.—

Trop.:

cum ego claustra ista nobilitatis refregissem, ut aditus ad consulatum pateret,

Cic. Mur. 8, 17:

annonae Aegyptus,

Tac. H. 3, 8.

claustra ( clostra, Cato, R. R. 13, 3; 135, 2), ōrum, n. (in sing.: claustrum, i, rare, Caes. Germ. Arat. 197; Curt. 4, 5, 21; 7, 6, 13; Petr. 89, 2, 7; Gell. 14, 6, 3; Luc. 10, 509; App. M. 4, 10, p. 146 fin.; Amm. 23, 4, 6; 26, 8, 8: clostrum, Sen. Ben. 7, 21, 2) [clausum, claudo], that by which any thing is shut up or closed, a lock, bar, bolt.

Prop.: claves, claustra, Varr. ap. Non. p. 545, 12:

claustra revellere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 5, 21, 10: januae pandere, * Cat. 61, 76:

laxare,

Verg. A. 2, 259:

relaxare,

Ov. Am. 1, 6, 17:

rumpere,

Verg. A. 9, 758:

diu claustris retentae ferae,

Liv. 42, 59, 2:

ferae claustris fractae,

Plin. Pan. 81, 3:

claustra pati,

to submit to confinement, Col. 8, 17, 8:

discutere,

Petr. 11, 2:

reserare,

Sil. 7, 334:

portarum ingentia claustra,

Verg. A. 7, 185; Val. Fl. 3, 53:

ferrea,

Mart. 10, 28, 8:

sub signo claustrisque rei publicae positum vectigal,

Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 21. —

Trop., a bar, band, barrier, bounds:

arta portarum naturae effringere,

i. e. to disclose its secrets, Lucr. 1, 72; cf.:

tua claustra fregerunt tui versus,

i. e. have become known, public, Plin. Ep. 2, 10, 3:

pudoris et reverentiae refringere,

id. ib. 2, 14, 4:

vitaï claustra resolvere,

to loose the bands of life, Lucr. 1, 416; 3, 397; 6, 1152:

temporum,

Vell. 1, 17, 4:

(animus) amat spatiis obstantia rumpere claustra (the figure drawn from the bounds of a racecourse),

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 9.—

In a more extended sense, a door or gate that shuts up any place, a dam, dike; meton., a place that is shut up:

urbis relinquant,

Ov. M. 4, 86; cf.

Thebarum,

Stat. Th. 10, 474.—Of sunken ships, closing a port, Liv. 37, 14, 7; cf.:

ubi demersis navibus frenassent claustra maris,

id. 37, 15, 1:

maris,

i.e. a harbor, haven, Sil. 12, 442:

undae,

a dam, id. 5, 44; cf.:

Lucrino addita,

Verg. G. 2, 161; cf. id. A. 1, 56:

Daedalea,

i. e. the Labyrinth, Sen. Hippol. 1166 al. —

In milit. lang., a barricade, bulwark, key, defence, fortress, wall, bank, etc., for warding off an enemy:

claustra loci,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84:

Corinthus in faucibus Graeciae, sic ut terra claustra locorum teneret,

id. Agr. 2, 32, 87:

Sutrium, quae urbs socia Romanis velut claustra Etruriae erat,

Liv. 9, 32. 1:

Aegypti,

id. 45, 11, 5; Tac. H. 2, 82; Suet. Vesp. 7:

tutissima praebet,

Liv. 42. 67, 6; cf. id. 6, 9, 4; 44, 7, 9; Tac. A. 2, 61 al.:

montium,

id. H. 3, 2:

Caspiarum,

id. ib. 1, 6:

maris,

id. ib. 3, 43; cf. Sil. 12, 442; Tac. A. 2, 59: suis claustris ( walls, intrenchments) impeditos turbant, id. ib. 12, 31; cf. id. ib. 4, 49:

regni claustra Philae,

Luc. 10, 312:

Africae,

Flor. 4, 2, 70.—

Trop.:

cum ego claustra ista nobilitatis refregissem, ut aditus ad consulatum pateret,

Cic. Mur. 8, 17:

annonae Aegyptus,

Tac. H. 3, 8.

jānŭa, ae, f. [Janus, i. e. ianus, from i, ire; cf. Sanscr. yāna, itio, incessus, from yā, ire], a door, house-door.

Lit.: principem in sacrificando Janum esse voluerunt, quod ab eundo nomen est ductum: ex quo transitiones perviae, jani;

foresque in liminibus profanarum aedium januae nominantur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 67:

claudere,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

januam occludere,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 11:

pultare,

id. Poen. 3, 4, 30:

ante ostium et januam,

id. Pers. 5, 1, 6:

indiligenter observare,

id. As. 2, 2, 7:

reserare,

Ov. H. 4, 141:

frangere,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 128.—The dog was commonly chained there;

hence, janua mordax,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 1; cf. id. Most. 3, 2, 126 sq.—

Transf., an entrance of any sort:

inferni janua regis,

Verg. A. 6, 106; cf.:

atri janua Ditis,

id. ib. 6, 127:

mortis,

Sil. 11, 187:

leti,

Val. Fl. 4, 23:

cum eam urbem sibi Mithridates Asiae januam fore putasset,

the key of Asia, Cic. Mur. 15, 33:

hic locus est gemini janua vasta maris,

Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 32.—

Trop., an entrance, approach:

qua nolui janua sum ingressus in causam,

Cic. Planc. 3, 8:

facillime vos ad ea, quae cupitis, perventuros, ab hoc aditu januaque patefacta,

id. de Or. 1, 47, 204:

illa januam Famae patefecit,

Plin. Ep. 1, 18, 4; Val. Fl. 4, 231:

vultus ac frons, quae est animi janua,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 11, 44:

ego sum ostium,

Vulg. Johan. 10, 2.

porta, ae (portabus for portis, Cn. Gell. ap. Charis. p. 40 P.), f. [from root par-, to pierce, pass through; Gr. peraô, peirô, poros, ford; Lat.: peritus, ex-perior, and v. periculum], a city-gate, a gate.

Lit.:

hic (miles) portas frangit, at ille (amans) fores,

Ov. Am. 1, 9, 20:

rectā portā invadam extemplo in oppidum antiquom et vetus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 60; id. Ps. 2, 2, 3:

si Hannibal ad portas venisset,

Cic. Fin. 4, 9, 22:

pedem portā efferre,

id. Att. 8, 2, 4; 7, 2, 6; Verg. A. 4, 130:

ad portam praesto esse,

Cic. Pis. 23, 55:

portā introire,

id. ib. 23, 55:

egressus portā Capenā,

id. Tusc. 1, 7, 13:

extra portam Collinam,

id. Leg. 2, 23, 58:

porta Carmentalis,

Liv. 2, 49, 8:

pars egressa portis erat,

id. 3, 60, 9; 23, 46, 10:

omnibus portis effundi,

id. 24, 1, 3:

portā Capenā Romam ingressus,

id. 26, 10, 1; 33, 26, 9:

signa portis efferre,

id. 27, 2, 5:

portis ruere,

id. 27, 41, 8:

eādem portā signa infesta urbi inferre,

id. 28, 3, 13:

patefactā portā Romani erumpunt,

id. 28, 36, 8:

subito omnibus portis eruptione factā,

Caes. B. G. 3, 6; 19; 5, 51:

omnibus portis prorumpunt,

Tac. H. 4, 20; 34:

portarum claustra,

Verg. A. 7, 185:

limina portarum,

id. ib. 2, 803:

portas obice firmā claudere,

Ov. M. 14, 780:

portas reserare hosti,

id. A. A. 3, 577:

portā triumphali ducere funus,

Tac. A. 3, 47:

sanctae quoque res, veluti muri et portae, quodammodo divini juris sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 8:

vidi Portas (Carthaginis) non clausas, a proof that the people were fearless,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 23.—Connected with urbis:

qui urbis portas occuparent,

Cic. Phil. 14, 6, 15:

bellum a portis hujus urbis avolsum,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1.—With per (rare except in Livy):

per unam portam praesidium Romanum irrumpit,

Liv. 9, 24, 12:

paulo ante lucem per effractam portam urbem ingreditur,

id. 24, 46, 7:

per aversam portam silentio excedere,

id. 10, 34, 4; 4, 46, 6; 23, 47, 8:

elapsus per eam portam quae... ad Darii castra pervenit,

Curt. 4, 10, 25; Vulg. Gen. 34, 20:

in fastigio portae,

id. 2 Reg. 18, 24.—Prov.: porta itineri longissima, the way to the gate is the longest (sc. in making a journey), i. e. it is the first step that costs, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 2.—

Transf., in gen., like our gate, of an avenue, entrance, passage, outlet, door of any kind (syn.: fores, janua, ostium). —Of the gates of a camp:

ab decumanā portā castra munita,

Caes. B. G. 3, 25; so,

principalis,

Liv. 40, 27:

quaestoria,

id. ib.:

villarum,

Plin. 28, 10, 44, § 157: venti, velut agmine facto, Quā data porta, ruunt, [p. 1401] Verg. A. 1, 82.—Of a cage:

ex portā ludis emitti, said of hares,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 30: porta tonat caeli, Enn. ap. Vet. Gram. ap. Col. (Ann. v. 597 Vahl.); Verg. G. 3, 261:

somni,

id. A. 6, 893; cf.

eburna,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 41:

ubi portitor aera recepit, Obserat umbrosos lurida porta rogos,

the portal of the infernal regions, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 8: belli portae, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 7, 622; Hor. S. 1, 4, 61 (Ann. v. 271 Vahl.):

mortis,

Vulg. Psa. 9, 15:

inferi,

id. Isa. 38, 10:

portae, quae alibi Armeniae, alibi Caspiae, alibi Ciliciae vocantur,

passes, gorges, defiles, Plin. 5, 27, 27, § 99; Nep. Dat. 7, 3; Val. Fl. 3, 496:

solis,

the signs of Cancer and Aries in the zodiac, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 12, and S. 1, 17: jecoris, a part of the liver (so too in Gr. pulê), Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137:

fluviorum,

Vulg. Nahum, 2, 6.—Of the fundament, Cat. 15, 17.—

Trop.

Et quibus e portis occurri cuique deceret, by what way, by what means, Lucr. 6, 32.—

As the symbol of strength:

portae inferi,

the powers of hell, Vulg. Matt. 16, 18.

rumpo, rūpi, ruptum ( inf. paragog. rumpier, Afran. Com. 127), 3, v. a. [root rup], to break, burst, tear, rend, rive, rupture; to break asunder, burst in pieces, force open, etc. (very freq. and class.; a favorite word of the Aug. poets; cf. frango).

Lit.: SI MEMBRVM RVPIT NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Lex XII. Tab. ap. Fest. S. V. TALIO, p. 274; and ap. Gell. 20, 1, 14; cf. Cato ap. Prisc. p. 710 P.:

vincula,

Lucr. 3, 83; Cic. Cat. 4, 4, 8; id. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; Prop. 4, 10, 4; Verg. A. 10, 233 al.:

catenas,

Prop. 3, 13, 11; Hor. S. 2, 7, 70; Ov. Am. 3, 11, 3:

frena pudoris,

Prop. 4, 18, 3:

obstantia claustra,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 9:

teretes plagas (aper),

id. C. 1, 1, 28:

pontem,

to break down, Liv. 7, 9; cf.:

rupti torrentibus pontes,

Quint. 2, 13, 16:

montem aceto (Hannibal),

Juv. 10, 153:

Alpes,

Sil. 11, 135:

arcum,

Phaedr. 3, 14, 10:

plumbum (aqua),

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 20:

carinam (sinus Noto remugiens),

id. Epod. 10, 20:

tenta cubilia tectaque,

id. ib. 12, 12:

vestes,

Ov. M. 6, 131; cf.:

tenues a pectore vestes,

id. A. A. 3, 707:

sinus pariterque capillos,

id. M. 10, 722:

linum ruptum aut turbata cera,

Quint. 12, 8, 13:

praecordia ferro,

to penetrate, Ov. M. 6, 251; 5, 36; cf.:

guttura cultro,

to cut, id. ib. 15, 465:

colla securi,

id. ib. 12, 249:

nubem (vis venti),

to sunder, rive, Lucr. 6, 432:

fulmen nubes rumpit,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 58, 1:

spiritus rumpit nubes,

id. ib. 2, 54, 3:

ruptae nubes et in pronum solutae,

id. ib. 5, 12, 1:

caelum,

Sil. 3, 196:

polum,

id. 1, 135: turbo ruptus, breaking or bursting forth, Verg. A. 2, 416 et saep.:

tuā causā rupi ramices,

burst, ruptured, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 30:

suos ramices,

id. Poen. 3, 1, 37:

inflatas vesiculas,

Cic. Div. 2, 14, 33:

pectora fremitu (leones),

Lucr. 3, 297:

illius immensae ruperunt horrea messes,

filled to repletion, Verg. G. 1, 49; Col. 10, 307:

frugibus rupta congestis horrea,

Sid. 1, 6:

ilia,

Cat. 11, 20; 80, 7; Verg. E. 7, 26; cf. with a personal object:

rupit Iarbitam Timagenis aemula lingua, Dum, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 15.—Esp. reflexively, to burst or split one ' s self, to burst, split, etc.:

me rupi causā currendo tuā,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 43; id. Capt. prol. 14; Lucil. ap. Non. 88, 11; 382, 23:

ut me ambulando rumperet,

Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 21:

non, si te ruperis, Par eris,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 319.— Mid.: ego misera risu clandestino rumpier, to burst, split, Afran. ap. Non. 382, 21 (Com. Rel. p. 154 Rib.); so,

frigidus in pratis cantando rumpitur anguis,

Verg. E. 8, 71:

quā (licentiā audacium) ante rumpebar, nunc ne movear quidem,

could have burst, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 1:

et inflatas rumpi vesiculas,

id. Div. 2, 14, 33; cf.:

rumpantur iniqui, Vicimus,

Prop. 1, 8, 27:

miser Rumperis (sc. irā) et latras,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 136: rumpere viam, iter, etc., to force a passage, make one ' s way by force: ferro rumpenda per hostes Est via, a passage must be burst or forced through, Verg. A. 10, 372; cf.:

eo nisi corporibus armisque rupere cuneo viam,

Liv. 2, 50:

rupta via,

Quint. 9, 4, 63:

viam igne,

Stat. Th. 8, 469:

iter ferro,

Sil. 4, 196 (with reserare viam);

15, 782: Alpes,

id. 11, 135:

rupto sonuit sacer aequore Titan,

Val. Fl. 2, 37:

cursus,

id. ib. 1, 3; Sil. 7, 568 et saep.:

rumpere media agmina,

to burst through, break through, Verg. A. 12, 683; cf.:

proelia misso equo,

Prop. 3, 11, 64 (4, 10, 62):

ruptā mersum caput obruit undā,

Ov. M. 11, 569:

mediam aciem,

Liv. 26, 5:

pugnantibus acies rumpenda,

Just. 1, 6, 11:

ordines,

Liv. 6, 13:

aditus,

Verg. A. 2, 494:

parvos hiatus,

Sil. 5, 616:

fontem,

to break open, cause to break forth, Ov. M. 5, 257:

fontes abyssae magnae,

Vulg. Gen. 7, 11: se rumpere, to break out, burst forth ( = erumpere):

ubi sub lucem densa inter nubila sese Diversi rumpent radii,

Verg. G. 1, 446:

tantus se nubibus imber Ruperat,

id. A. 11, 548:

unde altus primum se erumpit Enipeus,

id. G. 4, 368; so,

rumpi, in mid. force: dum amnes ulli rumpuntur fontibus,

id. ib. 3, 428:

alicui reditum,

to cut off, Hor. Epod. 13, 15.— Absol.: offendit, fregit, rumpit, icit poculo, wounds, Afran. ap. Non. 124, 6 (Com. Rel. p. 173 Rib.); so, si quis rumpet occidetve insciens ne fraus esto, an ancient form of rogation in Liv. 22, 10, 5; cf. Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 17. —

Trop., to break, violate, destroy, annul, make void, interrupt, etc.:

hunc quisquam... foedera scientem neglexisse, violasse, rupisse dicere audebit?

Cic. Balb. 5, 13; so,

foedera,

Lucr. 2, 254; Auct. Her. 4, 14, 20; Liv. 9, 1; 21, 10; Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 35:

foedus,

Liv. 3, 25, 5; 42, 40, 3:

imperium,

Curt. 10, 2, 15; Tac. A. 13, 36; id. H. 3, 19:

sacramenti religionem,

Liv. 28, 27:

reverentiam sacramenti,

Tac. H. 1, 12:

fidem induciarum, pacis, etc.,

Liv. 9, 40 fin.; 24, 29; Verg. G. 4, 213; Flor. 4, 2, 16:

jus gentium,

Liv. 4, 17:

hostium jus et sacra legationis et fas gentium,

Tac. A. 1, 42:

rogationes vos rogatas rumpitis,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 24:

edicta,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 22:

decreta,

Ov. M. 15, 780:

leges,

Luc. 4, 175:

constat, agnascendo rumpi testamentum,

is made void, Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 241; cf.:

jura testamentorum ruptorum aut ratorum,

id. ib. 1, 38, 173:

nuptias,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 7:

amores,

Verg. A. 4, 292:

condiciones pacis,

Vell. 2, 48, 5:

obsequium,

Suet. Galb. 16:

fata aspera,

Verg. A. 6, 882:

fati necessitatem humanis consiliis,

Liv. 1, 42:

ne me e somno excitetis et rumpatis visum,

break in upon, interrupt, Cic. Rep. 6, 12, 12; so,

somnum,

Verg. A. 7, 458; cf. Sen. Ep. 51, 12:

sacra,

Verg. A. 8, 110:

carmina,

Tib. 2, 3, 20:

novissima verba,

Ov. A. A. 1, 539:

ut vero amplexus fessi rupere supremos,

Val. Fl. 5, 32:

strepitu silentia rumpi,

Lucr. 4, 583:

silentia (verbis),

Verg. A. 10, 64; Ov. M. 1, 208; 11, 598; Hor. Epod. 5, 85; Val. Fl. 3, 509; Plin. Pan. 55, 4:

diutinum silentium,

App. M. 10, p. 239, 14:

taciturnitatem,

Tac. A. 1, 74:

patientiam,

Suet. Tib. 24:

en age, segnes Rumpe moras,

break off, end delay, Verg. G. 3, 43; so,

rumpe moras,

id. A. 4, 569; 9, 13; Ov. M. 15, 583 Bach, N. cr.; Val. Fl. 1, 306; Mart. 2, 64, 9; Plin. Ep. 5, 11, 2; cf.:

rumpunt moras,

Luc. 1, 264:

otia,

Verg. A. 6, 813.— Poet.: rumpit has imo pectore voces, breaks forth, breaks out in, gives vent to, utters, etc., Verg. A. 11, 377; so,

vocem,

id. ib. 2, 129; 3, 246; Sil. 8, 301; Tac. A. 6, 20:

questus,

Verg. A. 4, 553; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 249:

gemitum,

Sil. 4, 458.

strĕpĭtus, ūs ( gen. strepiti, Enn. ap. Non. 490, 8; or Trag. v. 205 Vahl.), m. [strepo].

Lit., a (wild, confused) noise, din of any kind; a clashing, crashing, rustling, rattling, clattering, clanking, rumbling, etc. (class. and very freq.; cf.: crepitus, stridor, fragor): strepitus, fremitus, clamor tonitruum, Poët. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 2, 1; cf.:

strepitus, crepitus, sonitus, tonitrus,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 10: molarum strepitus, Enn. ap. Non. 506, 3 (Com. v. 7 Vahl.):

fluminum,

Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

strepitu nullo clam reserare fores,

Tib. 1, 8, 60; so,

ingens valvarum,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 112:

audis quo strepitu janua remugiat,

id. C. 3, 10, 5:

rotarum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 33; Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 7:

obscenus, i. e. ventris,

Petr. 117 et saep.:

comitum conventus, strepitus, clamor mulierum Fecere, ut, etc., Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 27: non strepitu, sed maximo clamore,

Cic. Verr. 1, 15, 45 (cf. id. Agr. 3, 1, 2):

inde fragore gravi strepitus loca terret,

Ov. M. 11, 365:

prae strepitu et clamore,

Liv. 2, 27, 8:

magno cum strepitu ac tumultu castris egressi,

Caes. B. G. 2, 11; so (with tumultus) id. ib. 6, 7, 8; Cic. Att. 13, 48, 1:

concursus hominum forique strepitus,

id. Brut. 92, 317:

Romae,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 12:

inter strepitum tot bellorum,

Liv. 4, 1, 5; cf.:

sententiarum vanissimus strepitus,

Petr. 1, 2.—In plur.:

canis, sollicitum animal ad nocturnos strepitus,

Liv. 5, 47, 3:

vino, strepitibus clamoribusque nocturnis attoniti,

id. 39, 15, 9.—

Poet., transf., a (measured, regular) sound:

citharae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 31:

testudinis aureae,

id. C. 4, 3, 18:

tibicinae,

id. Ep. 1, 14, 26.