-
41 Anubis
Ănūbis, is and ĭdis (acc. Anubin, Prop. 4, 10, 41:Anubim,
Plin. 33, 9, 46, § 131 Jan), m., = Anoubis [Egyptian], an Egyptian deity which was represented with the head of a dog (cf. Müll. Archaeol. § 408), tutelary deity of the chase:latrator Anubis,
Verg. A. 8, 698; so Ov. Am. 2, 13, 11. -
42 aposcopeuon
ăposcŏpeuōn, ontis, m., = aposkopeuôn (looking far off), a painting by Antiphilus, in which a satyr is represented, with his hand shading his eyes, looking at something far off, Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 138 Hard., Jan, where others read aposcopon. -
43 Arabi
1.Ā̆răbus, a, um, adj. [a parallel form with Arabs, as Aethiopus with Aethiops; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 7, 605; Charis. p. 99 P.], Arabian, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 99:2.ros,
Ov. H. 15, 76 Heins.:lapis,
Plin. 36, 21, 41, § 153.— Ā̆răbi, ōrum, m., the Arabs, Arabians, C. Cassius ap. Charis. p. 99: Verg. A. 7, 605.Ā̆răbus, i, m., = Arabis, Ptol.; Arabios, Arrian; Arbis, Strab., a river in Gedrosia, now Korkes, Curt. 9, 10, ubi v. Zumpt.3.Ā̆răbus, i, m., the son of Apollo and Babylon, represented as the inventor of the medical art, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 196. -
44 Arabus
1.Ā̆răbus, a, um, adj. [a parallel form with Arabs, as Aethiopus with Aethiops; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 7, 605; Charis. p. 99 P.], Arabian, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 99:2.ros,
Ov. H. 15, 76 Heins.:lapis,
Plin. 36, 21, 41, § 153.— Ā̆răbi, ōrum, m., the Arabs, Arabians, C. Cassius ap. Charis. p. 99: Verg. A. 7, 605.Ā̆răbus, i, m., = Arabis, Ptol.; Arabios, Arrian; Arbis, Strab., a river in Gedrosia, now Korkes, Curt. 9, 10, ubi v. Zumpt.3.Ā̆răbus, i, m., the son of Apollo and Babylon, represented as the inventor of the medical art, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 196. -
45 Atella
Ātella, ae, f., = Atella.I.An ancient town of the Osci, in Campania, on the Clanius, near the present Aversa, Cic. Agr. 2, 31; Suet. Tib. 75; Sil. 11, 14; cf. Mann. Ital. I. p. 779.—II.Derivv. Ātellānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Atella, Atellan:III.municipium,
Cic. ad Q. Fr. 2, 14 fin.: Ātel-lāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Atella, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 63.—But esp. freq. Atellana fabula, fabella, or simply Ātellāna, ae, f., a comic but not wanton kind of popular farce that originated in Atella, which, with the comedy borrowed from Greece, was highly relished at Rome, especially by the youth, and continued to be represented even to the time of the emperors; the class. passage for it is Liv. 7, 2, 12; Juv. 6, 71; Suet. Tib. 45; id. Calig. 27; id. Ner. 39; Gell. 12, 10, 7; 17, 2, 8; Fest. s. v. personata, p. 217 Müll.; Diom. pp. 487 and 488 P.; Varr. L. L. 7, §§ 29, 84; 95 Müll.; Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7 al.; cf. Munk de Fabulis Atellanis, Lips. 1840, and Teuffel, Rom. Lit. §§ 6, 4 and 9 sq.—Hence,Derivv.1.Ātellā-nus, i, m., an actor in an Atellan farce, Suet. Galb. 13; Quint. 6, 3, 47; also as adj.:2.gesticulator,
Tert. Spect. 17.—Ātellā-nĭus, a, um, adj., pertaining to the Atellan farce:3. 4.versus,
Cic. Div. 2, 10, 25:ars,
Macr. S. 1, 10.—Ātellānĭŏla, ae, f. dim., a small Atellan piece, M. Aur. ap. Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 3. -
46 Atellana
Ātella, ae, f., = Atella.I.An ancient town of the Osci, in Campania, on the Clanius, near the present Aversa, Cic. Agr. 2, 31; Suet. Tib. 75; Sil. 11, 14; cf. Mann. Ital. I. p. 779.—II.Derivv. Ātellānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Atella, Atellan:III.municipium,
Cic. ad Q. Fr. 2, 14 fin.: Ātel-lāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Atella, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 63.—But esp. freq. Atellana fabula, fabella, or simply Ātellāna, ae, f., a comic but not wanton kind of popular farce that originated in Atella, which, with the comedy borrowed from Greece, was highly relished at Rome, especially by the youth, and continued to be represented even to the time of the emperors; the class. passage for it is Liv. 7, 2, 12; Juv. 6, 71; Suet. Tib. 45; id. Calig. 27; id. Ner. 39; Gell. 12, 10, 7; 17, 2, 8; Fest. s. v. personata, p. 217 Müll.; Diom. pp. 487 and 488 P.; Varr. L. L. 7, §§ 29, 84; 95 Müll.; Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7 al.; cf. Munk de Fabulis Atellanis, Lips. 1840, and Teuffel, Rom. Lit. §§ 6, 4 and 9 sq.—Hence,Derivv.1.Ātellā-nus, i, m., an actor in an Atellan farce, Suet. Galb. 13; Quint. 6, 3, 47; also as adj.:2.gesticulator,
Tert. Spect. 17.—Ātellā-nĭus, a, um, adj., pertaining to the Atellan farce:3. 4.versus,
Cic. Div. 2, 10, 25:ars,
Macr. S. 1, 10.—Ātellānĭŏla, ae, f. dim., a small Atellan piece, M. Aur. ap. Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 3. -
47 Atellani
Ātella, ae, f., = Atella.I.An ancient town of the Osci, in Campania, on the Clanius, near the present Aversa, Cic. Agr. 2, 31; Suet. Tib. 75; Sil. 11, 14; cf. Mann. Ital. I. p. 779.—II.Derivv. Ātellānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Atella, Atellan:III.municipium,
Cic. ad Q. Fr. 2, 14 fin.: Ātel-lāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Atella, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 63.—But esp. freq. Atellana fabula, fabella, or simply Ātellāna, ae, f., a comic but not wanton kind of popular farce that originated in Atella, which, with the comedy borrowed from Greece, was highly relished at Rome, especially by the youth, and continued to be represented even to the time of the emperors; the class. passage for it is Liv. 7, 2, 12; Juv. 6, 71; Suet. Tib. 45; id. Calig. 27; id. Ner. 39; Gell. 12, 10, 7; 17, 2, 8; Fest. s. v. personata, p. 217 Müll.; Diom. pp. 487 and 488 P.; Varr. L. L. 7, §§ 29, 84; 95 Müll.; Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7 al.; cf. Munk de Fabulis Atellanis, Lips. 1840, and Teuffel, Rom. Lit. §§ 6, 4 and 9 sq.—Hence,Derivv.1.Ātellā-nus, i, m., an actor in an Atellan farce, Suet. Galb. 13; Quint. 6, 3, 47; also as adj.:2.gesticulator,
Tert. Spect. 17.—Ātellā-nĭus, a, um, adj., pertaining to the Atellan farce:3. 4.versus,
Cic. Div. 2, 10, 25:ars,
Macr. S. 1, 10.—Ātellānĭŏla, ae, f. dim., a small Atellan piece, M. Aur. ap. Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 3. -
48 Atellanicus
Ātella, ae, f., = Atella.I.An ancient town of the Osci, in Campania, on the Clanius, near the present Aversa, Cic. Agr. 2, 31; Suet. Tib. 75; Sil. 11, 14; cf. Mann. Ital. I. p. 779.—II.Derivv. Ātellānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Atella, Atellan:III.municipium,
Cic. ad Q. Fr. 2, 14 fin.: Ātel-lāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Atella, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 63.—But esp. freq. Atellana fabula, fabella, or simply Ātellāna, ae, f., a comic but not wanton kind of popular farce that originated in Atella, which, with the comedy borrowed from Greece, was highly relished at Rome, especially by the youth, and continued to be represented even to the time of the emperors; the class. passage for it is Liv. 7, 2, 12; Juv. 6, 71; Suet. Tib. 45; id. Calig. 27; id. Ner. 39; Gell. 12, 10, 7; 17, 2, 8; Fest. s. v. personata, p. 217 Müll.; Diom. pp. 487 and 488 P.; Varr. L. L. 7, §§ 29, 84; 95 Müll.; Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7 al.; cf. Munk de Fabulis Atellanis, Lips. 1840, and Teuffel, Rom. Lit. §§ 6, 4 and 9 sq.—Hence,Derivv.1.Ātellā-nus, i, m., an actor in an Atellan farce, Suet. Galb. 13; Quint. 6, 3, 47; also as adj.:2.gesticulator,
Tert. Spect. 17.—Ātellā-nĭus, a, um, adj., pertaining to the Atellan farce:3. 4.versus,
Cic. Div. 2, 10, 25:ars,
Macr. S. 1, 10.—Ātellānĭŏla, ae, f. dim., a small Atellan piece, M. Aur. ap. Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 3. -
49 Atellaniola
Ātella, ae, f., = Atella.I.An ancient town of the Osci, in Campania, on the Clanius, near the present Aversa, Cic. Agr. 2, 31; Suet. Tib. 75; Sil. 11, 14; cf. Mann. Ital. I. p. 779.—II.Derivv. Ātellānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Atella, Atellan:III.municipium,
Cic. ad Q. Fr. 2, 14 fin.: Ātel-lāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Atella, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 63.—But esp. freq. Atellana fabula, fabella, or simply Ātellāna, ae, f., a comic but not wanton kind of popular farce that originated in Atella, which, with the comedy borrowed from Greece, was highly relished at Rome, especially by the youth, and continued to be represented even to the time of the emperors; the class. passage for it is Liv. 7, 2, 12; Juv. 6, 71; Suet. Tib. 45; id. Calig. 27; id. Ner. 39; Gell. 12, 10, 7; 17, 2, 8; Fest. s. v. personata, p. 217 Müll.; Diom. pp. 487 and 488 P.; Varr. L. L. 7, §§ 29, 84; 95 Müll.; Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7 al.; cf. Munk de Fabulis Atellanis, Lips. 1840, and Teuffel, Rom. Lit. §§ 6, 4 and 9 sq.—Hence,Derivv.1.Ātellā-nus, i, m., an actor in an Atellan farce, Suet. Galb. 13; Quint. 6, 3, 47; also as adj.:2.gesticulator,
Tert. Spect. 17.—Ātellā-nĭus, a, um, adj., pertaining to the Atellan farce:3. 4.versus,
Cic. Div. 2, 10, 25:ars,
Macr. S. 1, 10.—Ātellānĭŏla, ae, f. dim., a small Atellan piece, M. Aur. ap. Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 3. -
50 Atellanius
Ātella, ae, f., = Atella.I.An ancient town of the Osci, in Campania, on the Clanius, near the present Aversa, Cic. Agr. 2, 31; Suet. Tib. 75; Sil. 11, 14; cf. Mann. Ital. I. p. 779.—II.Derivv. Ātellānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Atella, Atellan:III.municipium,
Cic. ad Q. Fr. 2, 14 fin.: Ātel-lāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Atella, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 63.—But esp. freq. Atellana fabula, fabella, or simply Ātellāna, ae, f., a comic but not wanton kind of popular farce that originated in Atella, which, with the comedy borrowed from Greece, was highly relished at Rome, especially by the youth, and continued to be represented even to the time of the emperors; the class. passage for it is Liv. 7, 2, 12; Juv. 6, 71; Suet. Tib. 45; id. Calig. 27; id. Ner. 39; Gell. 12, 10, 7; 17, 2, 8; Fest. s. v. personata, p. 217 Müll.; Diom. pp. 487 and 488 P.; Varr. L. L. 7, §§ 29, 84; 95 Müll.; Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7 al.; cf. Munk de Fabulis Atellanis, Lips. 1840, and Teuffel, Rom. Lit. §§ 6, 4 and 9 sq.—Hence,Derivv.1.Ātellā-nus, i, m., an actor in an Atellan farce, Suet. Galb. 13; Quint. 6, 3, 47; also as adj.:2.gesticulator,
Tert. Spect. 17.—Ātellā-nĭus, a, um, adj., pertaining to the Atellan farce:3. 4.versus,
Cic. Div. 2, 10, 25:ars,
Macr. S. 1, 10.—Ātellānĭŏla, ae, f. dim., a small Atellan piece, M. Aur. ap. Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 3. -
51 Atellanus
Ātella, ae, f., = Atella.I.An ancient town of the Osci, in Campania, on the Clanius, near the present Aversa, Cic. Agr. 2, 31; Suet. Tib. 75; Sil. 11, 14; cf. Mann. Ital. I. p. 779.—II.Derivv. Ātellānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Atella, Atellan:III.municipium,
Cic. ad Q. Fr. 2, 14 fin.: Ātel-lāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Atella, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 63.—But esp. freq. Atellana fabula, fabella, or simply Ātellāna, ae, f., a comic but not wanton kind of popular farce that originated in Atella, which, with the comedy borrowed from Greece, was highly relished at Rome, especially by the youth, and continued to be represented even to the time of the emperors; the class. passage for it is Liv. 7, 2, 12; Juv. 6, 71; Suet. Tib. 45; id. Calig. 27; id. Ner. 39; Gell. 12, 10, 7; 17, 2, 8; Fest. s. v. personata, p. 217 Müll.; Diom. pp. 487 and 488 P.; Varr. L. L. 7, §§ 29, 84; 95 Müll.; Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7 al.; cf. Munk de Fabulis Atellanis, Lips. 1840, and Teuffel, Rom. Lit. §§ 6, 4 and 9 sq.—Hence,Derivv.1.Ātellā-nus, i, m., an actor in an Atellan farce, Suet. Galb. 13; Quint. 6, 3, 47; also as adj.:2.gesticulator,
Tert. Spect. 17.—Ātellā-nĭus, a, um, adj., pertaining to the Atellan farce:3. 4.versus,
Cic. Div. 2, 10, 25:ars,
Macr. S. 1, 10.—Ātellānĭŏla, ae, f. dim., a small Atellan piece, M. Aur. ap. Fronto, Ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 3. -
52 attribuo
at-trĭbŭo ( adt-, Weissenb., Jan; att-, B. and K., L. Müller), ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a., to associate, add or join to, to annex, assign, bestow, give (class., but rare in the poets; syn.: tribuo, assigno, do, ascribo, addico).I.In gen.A.Lit.:B.pueros attribue ei, quot et quos videbitur,
Cic. Att. 12, 30:video, cui Apulia sit attributa,
assigned as a province, id. Cat. 2, 3, 6:insulae Rhodiis attributae,
annexed, subjected, id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 11:Camunni finitimis adtributi municipiis,
Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 134:equos gladiatoribus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 14:quae (juventus) praesidio ejus loci adtributa erat,
Liv. 24, 21: pontifici sacra omnia. id. 1, 20: possessionem, Vulg. Num. 36, 12:aliquem,
ib. Deut. 29, 26.—Of the assigning of state domains or other possessions belonging to the public treasures:bona oppressorum in Vesvio restitutioni afflictarum civitatium attribuit,
Suet. Tit. 8 al. —Hence of appropriations from the exchequer:pecuniam alicui,
Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 16:ad aliquam rem pecuniam dare, attribuere, solvere,
id. ib. 14, 14 fin.;so Liv 40, 51.—Also of private assignments: Faberius si venerit, videbis, ut tantum attribuatur, quantum debetur,
Cic. Att. 13, 2, 1.—Hence also aliquem, to assign, make over to any one:attributos quod appellas, valde probo,
i. e. my debtors, to whom I have referred you, Cic. Att. 13, 22.—Trop.:II.timor, quem mihi natura pudorque meus attribuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 4:Suus cuique attributus est error,
Cat. 22, 20:si alicui rei hujus modi, legi, loco, urbi, monumento oratio attribuetur,
i. e. if these are represented as speaking, Cic. Inv 1, 52, 100:curam alicujus rei adtribuere,
Liv. 26, 49.—Esp.A.To join in addition, to add:B.non attribuere ad amissionem amicorum miseriam nostram,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 30, 73.—Aliquid alicui, to attribute or impute to one, to charge with, ascribe to (cf. ascribo):C.si eruditius videbitur disputare, attribuito Graecis litteris,
Cic. Sen. 1, 3:Hoc tu si cupidius factum existimas, Caesari attribues,
id. de Or. 2, 3, 14:bonos exitus dis immortalibus,
id. N. D. 3, 37, 89:aliis causam calamitatis,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 41.—T. t., to lay as a tax or tribute:A.his rebus omnibus terni in milia aeris adtribuerentur,
Liv. 39, 44.—Hence, attrĭbūtus ( adt-), a, um, P. a., lit. that is ascribed or attributed to a thing; hence, subst.: attrĭbūtum, i, n.(Acc. to I.) Money assigned from the public treasury, Varr. L. L. 5, § 181 Müll.—B.In gram. lang., a predicate, attribute:Omnes res confirmantur aut ex eo, quod personis, aut ex eo, quod negotiis est attributum,
Cic. Inv. 1, 24, 34; 1, 25, 36 sqq.; Gell. 4, 1 fin. -
53 attributum
at-trĭbŭo ( adt-, Weissenb., Jan; att-, B. and K., L. Müller), ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a., to associate, add or join to, to annex, assign, bestow, give (class., but rare in the poets; syn.: tribuo, assigno, do, ascribo, addico).I.In gen.A.Lit.:B.pueros attribue ei, quot et quos videbitur,
Cic. Att. 12, 30:video, cui Apulia sit attributa,
assigned as a province, id. Cat. 2, 3, 6:insulae Rhodiis attributae,
annexed, subjected, id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 11:Camunni finitimis adtributi municipiis,
Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 134:equos gladiatoribus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 14:quae (juventus) praesidio ejus loci adtributa erat,
Liv. 24, 21: pontifici sacra omnia. id. 1, 20: possessionem, Vulg. Num. 36, 12:aliquem,
ib. Deut. 29, 26.—Of the assigning of state domains or other possessions belonging to the public treasures:bona oppressorum in Vesvio restitutioni afflictarum civitatium attribuit,
Suet. Tit. 8 al. —Hence of appropriations from the exchequer:pecuniam alicui,
Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 16:ad aliquam rem pecuniam dare, attribuere, solvere,
id. ib. 14, 14 fin.;so Liv 40, 51.—Also of private assignments: Faberius si venerit, videbis, ut tantum attribuatur, quantum debetur,
Cic. Att. 13, 2, 1.—Hence also aliquem, to assign, make over to any one:attributos quod appellas, valde probo,
i. e. my debtors, to whom I have referred you, Cic. Att. 13, 22.—Trop.:II.timor, quem mihi natura pudorque meus attribuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 4:Suus cuique attributus est error,
Cat. 22, 20:si alicui rei hujus modi, legi, loco, urbi, monumento oratio attribuetur,
i. e. if these are represented as speaking, Cic. Inv 1, 52, 100:curam alicujus rei adtribuere,
Liv. 26, 49.—Esp.A.To join in addition, to add:B.non attribuere ad amissionem amicorum miseriam nostram,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 30, 73.—Aliquid alicui, to attribute or impute to one, to charge with, ascribe to (cf. ascribo):C.si eruditius videbitur disputare, attribuito Graecis litteris,
Cic. Sen. 1, 3:Hoc tu si cupidius factum existimas, Caesari attribues,
id. de Or. 2, 3, 14:bonos exitus dis immortalibus,
id. N. D. 3, 37, 89:aliis causam calamitatis,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 41.—T. t., to lay as a tax or tribute:A.his rebus omnibus terni in milia aeris adtribuerentur,
Liv. 39, 44.—Hence, attrĭbūtus ( adt-), a, um, P. a., lit. that is ascribed or attributed to a thing; hence, subst.: attrĭbūtum, i, n.(Acc. to I.) Money assigned from the public treasury, Varr. L. L. 5, § 181 Müll.—B.In gram. lang., a predicate, attribute:Omnes res confirmantur aut ex eo, quod personis, aut ex eo, quod negotiis est attributum,
Cic. Inv. 1, 24, 34; 1, 25, 36 sqq.; Gell. 4, 1 fin. -
54 B
B, b, indecl. n., designates, in the Latin alphabet, the soft, labial sound as in English, unlike the Gr. beta (B, b), which approached the Engl. v in sound; v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 124 sqq. At the beginning of words it represents an original dv or gv, and elsewhere an original gv, p, v, or bh ( v); v. Corss. Ausspr. I. pp. 134, 161. It corresponds regularly with Gr. b, but freq. also with p, and, in the middle of words, with ph; cf. brevis, brachus; ab, apo; carbasus, karpasos; ambo, amphi, amphô; nubes, nephos, etc.; v. Roby, Gram. I. p. 26; Kühner, Gram. § 34, 6. In Latin, as in all kindred languages, it was used in forming words to express the cry of different animals, as balare, barrire, baubari, blacterare, boare, bombitare, bubere, bubulare; children beginning to talk called their drink bua; so, balbus denoted the stammering sound, bambalio the stuttering, blatire and blaterare the babbling, blaesus the lisping, blandus the caressing. At the beginning of words b is found with no consonants except l and r (for bdellium, instead of which Marc. Emp. also wrote bdella, is a foreign word); but in the middle of words it is connected with other liquid and feeble consonants. Before hard consonants b is found only in compounds with ob and sub, the only prepositions, besides ab, which end in a labial sound; and these freq. rejected the labial, even when they are separated by the insertion of s, as abspello and absporto pass into aspello and asporto; or the place of the labial is supplied by u, as in aufero and aufugio (cf. ab init. and au); before f and p it is assimilated, as suffero, suppono; before m assimilated or not, as summergo or submergo; before c sometimes assimilated, as succedo, succingo, sometimes taking the form sus (as if from subs; cf. abs), as suscenseo; and sometimes su before s followed by a consonant, as suspicor. When b belonged to the root of a word it seems to have been retained, as plebs from plebis, urbs from urbis, etc.; so in Arabs, chalybs ( = Araps, chalups), the Gr. ps was represented by bs; as also in absis, absinthi-um, etc. But in scripsi from scribo, nupsi from nubo, etc., b was changed to p, though some grammarians still wrote bs in these words; cf. Prisc. pp. 556, 557 P.; Vel. Long. pp. 2224, 2261 ib. Of the liquids, l and r stand either before or after b, but m only before it, with the exception of abmatertera, parallel with the equally anomalous abpatruus (cf. ab init. and fin.), and n only after it; hence con and in before b always become com and im; as inversely b before n is sometimes changed to m, as Samnium for Sabinium and scamnum for scabnum, whence the dim. scabellum. B is so readily joined with u that not only acubus, arcubus, etc., were written for acibus, arcibus, etc., but also contubernium was formed from taberna, and bubile was used for bovile, as also in dubius ( = doios, duo) a b was inserted. B could be doubled, as appears not only from the foreign words abbas and sabbatum, but also from obba and gibba, and the compounds with ob and sub. B is reduplicated in bibo (cf the Gr. piô), as the shortness of the first syllable in the preterit bĭbi, compared with dēdi and stĕti or sti/ti, shows; although later bibo was treated as a primitive, and the supine bibitum formed from it. Sometimes before b an m was inserted, e. g. in cumbo for cubo kuptô, lambo for laptô, nimbus for nephos; inversely, also, it was rejected in sabucus for sambucus and labdacismus for lambdacismus. As in the middle, so at the beginning of words, b might take the place of another labial, e. g. buxis for pyxis, balaena for phalaina, carbatina for carpatina, publicus from poplicus, ambo for amphô; as even Enn. wrote Burrus and Bruges for Pyrrhus and Phryges; Naev., Balantium for Palatium (v. the latter words, and cf. Fest. p. 26).—In a later age, but not often before A.D. 300, intercourse with the Greeks caused the pronunciation of the b and v to be so similar that Adamantius Martyrius in Cassiod. pp. 2295-2310 P., drew up a separate catalogue of words which might be written with either b or v. So, Petronius has berbex for verbex, and in inscrr., but not often before A. D. 300, such errors as bixit for vixit, abe for ave, ababus for abavus, etc. (as inversely vene, devitum, acervus, vasis instead of bene, debitum, acerbus, basis), are found; Flabio, Jubentius, for Flavio, Juventius, are rare cases from the second century after Christ.—The interchange between labials, palatals, and linguals (as glans for balanos, bilis for fel or cholê) is rare at the beginning of words, but more freq. in the middle; cf. tabeo, têkô, and Sanscr. tak, terebra and teretron, uber and outhar; besides which the change of tribus Sucusana into Suburana (Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.; Quint. 1, 7, 29) deserves consideration. This interchange is most freq. in terminations used in forming words, as ber, cer, ter; brum or bulum, crum or culum, trum, bundus and cundus; bilis and tilis, etc.—Finally, the interchange of b with du at the beginning of words deserves special mention, as duonus for bonus, Bellona for Duellona, bellum for duellum, bellicus for duellicus, etc., and bis from duis.—As an abbreviation, B usually designates bonus or bene. Thus, B. D. = Bona Dea, Inscr. Orell. 1524; 2427; 2822:B. M. = bene merenti,
ib. 99; 114; 506:B. M. P. = bene merenti posuit,
ib. 255:B. D. S. M. = bene de se meritae,
ib. 2437:B. V. V. = bene vale valeque,
ib. 4816:B. M. = bonae memoriae,
ib. 1136; 3385:B. M. = bonā mente,
ib. 5033;sometimes it stands for beneficiarius, and BB. beneficiarii,
ib. 3489; 3868; 3486 al. -
55 b
B, b, indecl. n., designates, in the Latin alphabet, the soft, labial sound as in English, unlike the Gr. beta (B, b), which approached the Engl. v in sound; v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 124 sqq. At the beginning of words it represents an original dv or gv, and elsewhere an original gv, p, v, or bh ( v); v. Corss. Ausspr. I. pp. 134, 161. It corresponds regularly with Gr. b, but freq. also with p, and, in the middle of words, with ph; cf. brevis, brachus; ab, apo; carbasus, karpasos; ambo, amphi, amphô; nubes, nephos, etc.; v. Roby, Gram. I. p. 26; Kühner, Gram. § 34, 6. In Latin, as in all kindred languages, it was used in forming words to express the cry of different animals, as balare, barrire, baubari, blacterare, boare, bombitare, bubere, bubulare; children beginning to talk called their drink bua; so, balbus denoted the stammering sound, bambalio the stuttering, blatire and blaterare the babbling, blaesus the lisping, blandus the caressing. At the beginning of words b is found with no consonants except l and r (for bdellium, instead of which Marc. Emp. also wrote bdella, is a foreign word); but in the middle of words it is connected with other liquid and feeble consonants. Before hard consonants b is found only in compounds with ob and sub, the only prepositions, besides ab, which end in a labial sound; and these freq. rejected the labial, even when they are separated by the insertion of s, as abspello and absporto pass into aspello and asporto; or the place of the labial is supplied by u, as in aufero and aufugio (cf. ab init. and au); before f and p it is assimilated, as suffero, suppono; before m assimilated or not, as summergo or submergo; before c sometimes assimilated, as succedo, succingo, sometimes taking the form sus (as if from subs; cf. abs), as suscenseo; and sometimes su before s followed by a consonant, as suspicor. When b belonged to the root of a word it seems to have been retained, as plebs from plebis, urbs from urbis, etc.; so in Arabs, chalybs ( = Araps, chalups), the Gr. ps was represented by bs; as also in absis, absinthi-um, etc. But in scripsi from scribo, nupsi from nubo, etc., b was changed to p, though some grammarians still wrote bs in these words; cf. Prisc. pp. 556, 557 P.; Vel. Long. pp. 2224, 2261 ib. Of the liquids, l and r stand either before or after b, but m only before it, with the exception of abmatertera, parallel with the equally anomalous abpatruus (cf. ab init. and fin.), and n only after it; hence con and in before b always become com and im; as inversely b before n is sometimes changed to m, as Samnium for Sabinium and scamnum for scabnum, whence the dim. scabellum. B is so readily joined with u that not only acubus, arcubus, etc., were written for acibus, arcibus, etc., but also contubernium was formed from taberna, and bubile was used for bovile, as also in dubius ( = doios, duo) a b was inserted. B could be doubled, as appears not only from the foreign words abbas and sabbatum, but also from obba and gibba, and the compounds with ob and sub. B is reduplicated in bibo (cf the Gr. piô), as the shortness of the first syllable in the preterit bĭbi, compared with dēdi and stĕti or sti/ti, shows; although later bibo was treated as a primitive, and the supine bibitum formed from it. Sometimes before b an m was inserted, e. g. in cumbo for cubo kuptô, lambo for laptô, nimbus for nephos; inversely, also, it was rejected in sabucus for sambucus and labdacismus for lambdacismus. As in the middle, so at the beginning of words, b might take the place of another labial, e. g. buxis for pyxis, balaena for phalaina, carbatina for carpatina, publicus from poplicus, ambo for amphô; as even Enn. wrote Burrus and Bruges for Pyrrhus and Phryges; Naev., Balantium for Palatium (v. the latter words, and cf. Fest. p. 26).—In a later age, but not often before A.D. 300, intercourse with the Greeks caused the pronunciation of the b and v to be so similar that Adamantius Martyrius in Cassiod. pp. 2295-2310 P., drew up a separate catalogue of words which might be written with either b or v. So, Petronius has berbex for verbex, and in inscrr., but not often before A. D. 300, such errors as bixit for vixit, abe for ave, ababus for abavus, etc. (as inversely vene, devitum, acervus, vasis instead of bene, debitum, acerbus, basis), are found; Flabio, Jubentius, for Flavio, Juventius, are rare cases from the second century after Christ.—The interchange between labials, palatals, and linguals (as glans for balanos, bilis for fel or cholê) is rare at the beginning of words, but more freq. in the middle; cf. tabeo, têkô, and Sanscr. tak, terebra and teretron, uber and outhar; besides which the change of tribus Sucusana into Suburana (Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.; Quint. 1, 7, 29) deserves consideration. This interchange is most freq. in terminations used in forming words, as ber, cer, ter; brum or bulum, crum or culum, trum, bundus and cundus; bilis and tilis, etc.—Finally, the interchange of b with du at the beginning of words deserves special mention, as duonus for bonus, Bellona for Duellona, bellum for duellum, bellicus for duellicus, etc., and bis from duis.—As an abbreviation, B usually designates bonus or bene. Thus, B. D. = Bona Dea, Inscr. Orell. 1524; 2427; 2822:B. M. = bene merenti,
ib. 99; 114; 506:B. M. P. = bene merenti posuit,
ib. 255:B. D. S. M. = bene de se meritae,
ib. 2437:B. V. V. = bene vale valeque,
ib. 4816:B. M. = bonae memoriae,
ib. 1136; 3385:B. M. = bonā mente,
ib. 5033;sometimes it stands for beneficiarius, and BB. beneficiarii,
ib. 3489; 3868; 3486 al. -
56 Baca
1.Baccha (old orthog. Baca; v. S. C. Bacch.; Bacca, Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 4 Wagn.; Bacche, Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 41), ae, f., = Bakchê; cf. also Mainas or Thuïas, a Bacchanet, a female attendant of Bacchus, who, in company with Silenus and the Satyrs, celebrated the festival of that deity with a raving madness carried even to insensibility, with an ivy crown upon her head, a fawn-skin upon her left shoulder, a staff wound with ivy in her hand, and with hair loose and flying wildly about, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71; id. Aul. 3, 1, 3; id. Cas. 5, 4, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 4; 1, 1, 19; Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll.; Ov. M. 4, 25; 6, 587 sq.; 9, 642; 11, 89; id. Tr. l. l.; id. H. 10, 48; id. F. 6, 507; Prop. 3 (4), 22, 33; Luc. 5, 74 (Matres Edonides, Ov. M. 11, 69;II.v. Bacchus).—Represented in paintings: Bacchas istas cum Musis Metelli comparas,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:Bacchis initiare aliquem,
to initiate into the festivals of Bacchus, Liv. 39, 9, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 39, 10, 2;39, 14, 8.—In a pun with Bacchis (q. v. II.): quia Bacchis, Bacchas metuo et Bacchanal tuom,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 19; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 4; v. Bacchis. —Hence,Deriv.: Bacchēus, a, um, adj., = Bakcheios, relating to the Bacchœ or Bacchantes, Bacchantian:2.vox,
Col. 10, 223:sanguis,
spilt by them, Stat. Th. 1, 328:bella,
id. ib. 12, 791.Baccha, ae, f., a kind of Spanish wine, Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll. -
57 Bacca
1.Baccha (old orthog. Baca; v. S. C. Bacch.; Bacca, Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 4 Wagn.; Bacche, Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 41), ae, f., = Bakchê; cf. also Mainas or Thuïas, a Bacchanet, a female attendant of Bacchus, who, in company with Silenus and the Satyrs, celebrated the festival of that deity with a raving madness carried even to insensibility, with an ivy crown upon her head, a fawn-skin upon her left shoulder, a staff wound with ivy in her hand, and with hair loose and flying wildly about, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71; id. Aul. 3, 1, 3; id. Cas. 5, 4, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 4; 1, 1, 19; Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll.; Ov. M. 4, 25; 6, 587 sq.; 9, 642; 11, 89; id. Tr. l. l.; id. H. 10, 48; id. F. 6, 507; Prop. 3 (4), 22, 33; Luc. 5, 74 (Matres Edonides, Ov. M. 11, 69;II.v. Bacchus).—Represented in paintings: Bacchas istas cum Musis Metelli comparas,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:Bacchis initiare aliquem,
to initiate into the festivals of Bacchus, Liv. 39, 9, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 39, 10, 2;39, 14, 8.—In a pun with Bacchis (q. v. II.): quia Bacchis, Bacchas metuo et Bacchanal tuom,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 19; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 4; v. Bacchis. —Hence,Deriv.: Bacchēus, a, um, adj., = Bakcheios, relating to the Bacchœ or Bacchantes, Bacchantian:2.vox,
Col. 10, 223:sanguis,
spilt by them, Stat. Th. 1, 328:bella,
id. ib. 12, 791.Baccha, ae, f., a kind of Spanish wine, Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll. -
58 Baccha
1.Baccha (old orthog. Baca; v. S. C. Bacch.; Bacca, Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 4 Wagn.; Bacche, Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 41), ae, f., = Bakchê; cf. also Mainas or Thuïas, a Bacchanet, a female attendant of Bacchus, who, in company with Silenus and the Satyrs, celebrated the festival of that deity with a raving madness carried even to insensibility, with an ivy crown upon her head, a fawn-skin upon her left shoulder, a staff wound with ivy in her hand, and with hair loose and flying wildly about, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71; id. Aul. 3, 1, 3; id. Cas. 5, 4, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 4; 1, 1, 19; Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll.; Ov. M. 4, 25; 6, 587 sq.; 9, 642; 11, 89; id. Tr. l. l.; id. H. 10, 48; id. F. 6, 507; Prop. 3 (4), 22, 33; Luc. 5, 74 (Matres Edonides, Ov. M. 11, 69;II.v. Bacchus).—Represented in paintings: Bacchas istas cum Musis Metelli comparas,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:Bacchis initiare aliquem,
to initiate into the festivals of Bacchus, Liv. 39, 9, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 39, 10, 2;39, 14, 8.—In a pun with Bacchis (q. v. II.): quia Bacchis, Bacchas metuo et Bacchanal tuom,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 19; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 4; v. Bacchis. —Hence,Deriv.: Bacchēus, a, um, adj., = Bakcheios, relating to the Bacchœ or Bacchantes, Bacchantian:2.vox,
Col. 10, 223:sanguis,
spilt by them, Stat. Th. 1, 328:bella,
id. ib. 12, 791.Baccha, ae, f., a kind of Spanish wine, Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll. -
59 Bacche
1.Baccha (old orthog. Baca; v. S. C. Bacch.; Bacca, Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 4 Wagn.; Bacche, Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 41), ae, f., = Bakchê; cf. also Mainas or Thuïas, a Bacchanet, a female attendant of Bacchus, who, in company with Silenus and the Satyrs, celebrated the festival of that deity with a raving madness carried even to insensibility, with an ivy crown upon her head, a fawn-skin upon her left shoulder, a staff wound with ivy in her hand, and with hair loose and flying wildly about, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71; id. Aul. 3, 1, 3; id. Cas. 5, 4, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 4; 1, 1, 19; Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll.; Ov. M. 4, 25; 6, 587 sq.; 9, 642; 11, 89; id. Tr. l. l.; id. H. 10, 48; id. F. 6, 507; Prop. 3 (4), 22, 33; Luc. 5, 74 (Matres Edonides, Ov. M. 11, 69;II.v. Bacchus).—Represented in paintings: Bacchas istas cum Musis Metelli comparas,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:Bacchis initiare aliquem,
to initiate into the festivals of Bacchus, Liv. 39, 9, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 39, 10, 2;39, 14, 8.—In a pun with Bacchis (q. v. II.): quia Bacchis, Bacchas metuo et Bacchanal tuom,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 19; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 4; v. Bacchis. —Hence,Deriv.: Bacchēus, a, um, adj., = Bakcheios, relating to the Bacchœ or Bacchantes, Bacchantian:2.vox,
Col. 10, 223:sanguis,
spilt by them, Stat. Th. 1, 328:bella,
id. ib. 12, 791.Baccha, ae, f., a kind of Spanish wine, Varr. L. L. 7, § 87 Müll. -
60 bisellium
bĭsellĭum, ii, n. [bis-sella], a richly ornamented seat of honor (so called because there was room for two persons upon it, although only one sat thereon, Varr. L. L. 5, § 128 Müll.). Such a bisellium has been found represented upon a Pompeian tomb with the inscription:C. CALVENTIO.... BISELLII. HONOR. DATVS. EST.,
Inscr. Orell. 4044; cf. ib. 4046; 4047; 4048.
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