-
41 पश्च _paśca
पश्च a.1 Being behind.-2 Posterior, later.-3 Western.-श्चा ind. Ved.1 Behind, after.-2 After- wards-3 Westward.-Comp. -अनुतापः repentance, regret.-अनुपूर्वी repeated or recurring series. -
42 बहु _bahu
बहु a. (हु orही f.; compar. भूयस्; super. भूयिष्ठ)1 Much, plentiful, abundant, great; तस्मिन् बहु एतदपि Ś.4. 'even this was much for him' (was too much to be expected of him); बहु प्रष्टव्यमत्र Mu.3; अल्पस्य हेतोर्बहु हातुमिच्छन् R.2.47.-2 Many, numerous; as in बह्वक्षर, बहुप्रकार.-2 Frequented, repeated.-4 Large, great.-5 Abounding or rich in (as first member of comp.); बहुकण्टको देशः &c. ind.1 Much, abundantly, very much, exceedingly, greatly, in a high degree.-2 Somewhat, nearly, almost; as in बहुतृण. (किं बहुन 'why say much', 'in short'; बहु मन् to think or esteem highly, rate high, prize, value; त्वत्संभावितमात्मानं बहु मन्यामहे वयम् Ku.6.2; ययातेरिव शर्मिष्ठा भर्तुर्बहुमता भव Ś.4.7;7. 1; R.12.89; येषां च त्वं बहुमतो भूत्वा यास्यसि लाघवम् Bg.2. 35; Bk.3.53;5.84;8.12.)-Comp. -अक्षर a. having many syllables, polysyllabic (as a word).-अच्, -अच्क a. having many vowels, polysyllabic.-अनर्थ a. fraught with many evils.-अप्, -अप a. watery.-अपत्य a.1 having a numerous progeny.-2 (in astrol.) promising a numerous progeny.(-त्यः) 1 a hog.-2 a mouse, rat. (-त्या) a cow that has often calved.-अपाय a. exposed to many risks; स्वगृहो- द्यानगते$पि स्निग्धैः पापं विशङ्क्यते मोहात् । किमु दुष्टबह्वपायप्रतिभय- कान्तारमध्यस्थे ॥ Pt.2.166.-अर्थ a.1 having many senses.-2 having many objects.-3 important.-आशिन् a. voracious, gluttonous, बह्वाशी स्वल्पसन्तुष्टः सुनिद्रो लघुचेतनः । प्रभुभक्तश्च शूरश्च ज्ञातव्याः षट् शुनो गुणाः ॥ Chāṇakya. -m. N. of a son of Dhṛitarāṣṭra.-उदकः a kind of mendicant who lives in a strange town and maintains himself with alms got by begging from door to door; cf. कुटीचक.-उपयुक्त a. made to serve a manifold purpose; बहूप- युक्ता च बुद्धिः Dk.2.4.-उपाय a. effective.-ऋच् a. having many verses. (-f.) a term applied to the Ṛigveda.-ऋच a. having many verses. (-चः) one conversant with the Ṛigveda. (-ची) The wife of one who studies the Ṛigveda. Hence ˚ब्राह्मणम् means the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa which belongs to the Ṛigveda; बह्वृचब्राह्मणे श्रूयते ŚB. on MS.6.3.1.-एनस् a. very sinful.-कर a.1 doing much, busy, industrious.-2 useful in many ways.(-रः) 1 a sweeper, cleaner.-2 a camel.-3 the sun; बहुकरकृतात् प्रातःसंमार्जनात् N.19.13. (-री) a broom.-कारम् abundance; बहुकारं च सस्यानाम् Mb.12.193.21.-कालम् ind. for a long time.-कालीन a. of a long standing, old, ancient.-कूर्चः a kind of cocoa-nut tree.-क्रमः a Krama of more than three words; cf. क्रम.-क्षम a. patient; अतो$त्र किंचिद्भवतीं बहुक्षमां द्विजाति- भावादुपपन्नचापलः Ku.5.4.(-मः) 1 a Buddha.-2 a Jaina deified saint.-क्षारम् Soap; Nigh. Ratn. (-रः) a kind of alkali.-क्षीरा a cow giving much milk.-गन्ध a. strong-scented. (-न्धम्) cinnamon.-गन्धदा musk.-गन्धा 1 the Yūthikā creeper.-2 a bud of the Champaka tree.-गुण a. having many threads or qualities.-गुरुः One who has read much but superficially; sciolist.-गोत्रज a. having many blood relations.-ग्रन्थिः Tamarix Indica (Mar. वेळु ?).-च्छल a. deceitful.-छिन्ना a species of Cocculus (Mar. गुळवेल).-जनः a great multitude of people. ˚हितम् the common weal.-जल्प a. garrulous, talkative, loquacious.-ज्ञ a. knowing much, well informed, possessed of great knowledge.-तन्त्रीक a. many-stringed (as a musical instrument).-तृणम् anything much like grass; (hence) what is unimportant or contemptible; निदर्शनम- साराणां लघुर्बहुतृणं नरः Śi.2.5; N.22.137.-2 abounding in grass.-त्वक्कः, -त्वच् m. a kind of birch tree.-द a. liberal, generous.-दक्षिण a.1 attended with many gifts or donations.-2 liberal, munificent.-दर्शक, -दर्शिन् a. prudent, circumspect; कृत्येषु वाली मेधावी राजानो बहुदर्शिनः Rām.4.2.23.-दायिन् a. liberal, munificent, a liberal donor; Ch. Up.-दुग्ध a. yielding much milk. (-ग्धः) wheat. (-ग्धा) a cow yielding much milk.-दृश्वन् a. greatly experienced, a great observer.-दृष्ट a. very experienced.-दोष a.1 having many faults or defects, very wicked or sinful.-2 full of crimes of dangers; बहुदोषा हि शर्वरी Mk.1.58.-दोहना yielding much milk.-धन a. very rich, wealthy.-धारम् 1 the thunderbolt of Indra.-2 a diamond.-धेनुकम् a great number of milch-cows.-नाडिकः the body.-नाडीकः 1 day.-2 pillar; L. D. B.-नादः a conch-shell.-पत्नीकता polygamy.-पत्रः an onion. (-त्रम्) talc. (-त्री) the holy basil.-पद्, -पाद्, -पाद m. the fig-tree.-पुष्पः 1 the coral tree.-2 the Nimba tree.-पर्वन् m. (see -ग्रन्थिः).-प्रकार a. of many kinds, various, manifold. (-रम्) ind. in many ways, manifoldly.-प्रकृति a. consisting of many pri- mary parts or verbal elements (as a compound).-प्रज a. having many children, prolific.(-जः) 1 a hog.-2 the munja grass.-प्रज्ञ a. very wise.-प्रतिज्ञ a.1 comprising many statements or assertions, compli- cated.-2 (in law) involving many counts, as a plaint; बहुप्रतिज्ञं यत् कार्यं व्यवहारेषु निश्चितम् । कामं तदपि गृह्णीयाद् राजा तत्त्वबुभुत्सया Mitā.-प्रत्यर्थिक a. having many opponents.-प्रत्यवाय a. connected with many difficul- ties.-प्रद a. exceedingly liberal, a munificent donor.-प्रपञ्च a. very diffuse or prolix.-प्रसूः the mother of many children.-प्रेयसी a. having many loved ones.-फल a. rich in fruits. (-लः) the Kadamba tree. (-ली) the opposite-leaved fig-tree.-बलः a lion.-बीजम् the fruit of Anona Reticulata (Mar. सीताफल). (-जा) a kind of Musa (Mar. रानकेळ).-बोलक a. a great talker; Buddh.-भाग्य a. very lucky or fortunate.-भाषिन् a. garrulous, talkative.-भाष्यम् talkativeness, garrulity; उत्थानेन जयेत्तन्द्री वितर्कं निश्चयाज्जयेत् । मौनेन बहुभाष्यं च शौर्येण च भयं त्यजेत् ॥ Mb.12.274.11.-भुजा an epithet of Durgā.-भूमिक a. having many floors or stories.-भोग्या a prostitute.-भोजिन् a. voracious.-मञ्जरी the holy basil.-मत a.1 highly esteemed or prized, valued, respected; येषां च त्वं बहुमतो भूत्वा यास्यसि लाघवम् Bg.2.35.-2 having many different opinions.-मतिः f. great value or estimation; कान्तानां बहुमतिमाययुः पयोदाः Ki.7. 15.-मध्यग a. belonging to many; न निर्हारं स्त्रियः कुर्युः कुटुम्बाद्बहुमध्यगात् Ms.9.199.-मलम् lead.-मानः great respect or regard, high esteem; पुरुषबहुमानो विगलितः Bh.3.9; वर्तमानकवेः कालिदासस्य क्रियायां कथं परिषदो बहुमानः M.1; V.1.2; Ku.5.31. (-नम्) a gift given by a superior to an inferior.-मान्य a. respectable, esteem- able; Kull. on Ms.2.117.-माय a. artful, deceitful. treacherous; परदेशभयाद्भीता बहुमाया नपुंसकाः । स्वदेशे निधनं यान्ति Pt.1.321.-मार्गः a place where many roads meet.-मार्गगा 1 N. of the river Ganges; तद्युक्तं बहुमार्गगां मम पुरो निर्लज्ज वोढुस्तव Ratn.1.3.-2 a wanton or un- chaste woman.-मार्गी a place where several roads meet.-मुख a.1 much, excessive; अस्या भर्तुर्बहुमुखमनुरागम् Ś.6.-2 Speaking variously.-मूत्र a. suffering from diabetes.-मूर्ति a. multiform, variously shaped. (-र्तिः f.) the wild cotton-shrub.-मूर्धन् m. an epithet of Viṣṇu.-मूला Asparagus Racemosus (शतावरी).-मूल्य a. costly, high-priced. (-ल्यम्) a large sum of money, heavy or costly price.-मृग a. abounding in deer.-रजस् a. very dusty.-रत्न a. rich in jewels.-रस a. juicy, succulent. (-सः) sugar-cane.-राशि a. (in arith.) consisting of many terms. (-शिः) m. a series of many terms.-रूप a.1 many-formed, multiform, manifold.-2 variegated, spotted, chequered; वैश्वदेवं बहुरूपं हि राजन् Mb.14.1.3.(-पः) 1 a lizard, chameleon.-2 hair.-3 the sun.-4 N. of Śiva.-5 of Viṣṇu.-6 of Brahmā.-7 of the god of love.-रूपक a. multiform, manifold.-रेतस् m. an epithet of Brahmā.-रोमन् a. hairy. shaggy. (-m.) a sheep.-लवणम् a soil impregnated with salt.-वचनम् the plural number (in gram.); द्व्यैकयोर्द्विवचनैकवचने, बहुषु बहुवचनम्.-वर्ण a. many-coloured.-वादिन् a. garrulous.-वारम् ind. many times, often.-वारः, -वारकः Cordia Myxa (Mar. भोकर).-वार्षिक a. lasting for many years.-विक्रम a. very powerful, heroic, a great warrior.-विघ्न a. presenting many difficulties, attended with many dangers.-विध a. of many kinds, manifold, diverse.-वी(बी)जम् the custard apple.-वीर्य a. very powerful or efficacious. (-र्यः) N. of various plants (such as Terminalia Bel- lerica, Mar. बेहडा).-व्ययिन् a. lavish, prodigal, spendthrift.-व्यापिन् a. far-spreading, wide.-व्रीहि a. possessing much rice; तत्पुरुष कर्मधारय येनाहं स्यां बहुव्रीहिः Udb. (where it is also the name of the compound). (-हिः) one of the four principal kinds of compounds in Sanskrit. In it, two or more nouns in apposition to each other are compouded, the attributive member (whether a noun or an adjective) being placed first, and made to qualify another substantive, and neither of the two members separately, but the sense of the whole compound, qualifies that substantive; cf. अन्य- पदार्थप्रधानो बहुव्रीहिः. This compound is adjectival in character, but there are several instances of Bahuvrīhi compounds which have come to be regarded and used as nouns (their application being restricted by usage to particular individuals); i. e. चक्रपाणि, शशिशेखर, पीताम्बर, चतुर्मुख, त्रिनेत्र, कुसुमशर &c.-शत्रुः a sparrow.-शल्यः a species of Khadira.-शस्त a. very good, right or happy.-शाख a. having many branches or ramifica- tions.-शिख a. having many points.-शृङ्गः an epithet of Viṣṇu.-श्रुत a.1 well-informed, very learned तस्मिन् पुरवरे हृष्टा धर्मात्मानो बहुश्रुताः Rām. H.1.1; Pt.2. 1; R.15.36.-2 well-versed in the Vedas; गुरुं वा बाल- वृद्धौ वा ब्राह्मणं वा बहुश्रुतम् । आततायिनमायान्तं हन्यादेवाविचारयन् ॥ Ms.8.35. (-तिः) the occurrence of the plural in a text.-संख्याक a. numerous.-सत्त्व a. abounding in animals.-संतति a. having a numerous progeny. (-तिः) a kind of bamboo.-सार a. possessed of great pith or essence, substantial. (-रः) the Khadira tree.-साहस्र a. amounting to many thousands.-सूः 1 a mother of many children.-2 a cow.-सूतिः f.1 a mother of many children.-2 a cow that often calves.-स्वन a. vociferous. (-नः) an owl.-स्वामिक a. owned by many. -
43 recurring decimal
N1. आवर्त-दशमलवA decimal in which a series of digits is repeated ad infinitum,5.666... -
44 accumulation
accumulation [akymylasjɔ̃]feminine nounaccumulation ; [d'erreurs] series* * *akymylasjɔ̃1) (action, résultat) accumulation2) ( emmagasinage) storage* * *akymylasjɔ̃ nf1) [déchets, erreurs, preuves] accumulation2)à accumulation (chauffage, radiateur) — storage
* * *accumulation nf1 ( action) accumulation, build-up; l'accumulation du capital/des richesses the accumulation of capital/of wealth;2 ( résultat) accumulation, mass; une accumulation de preuves a mass of evidence;4 Géol accumulation.[akymylasjɔ̃] nom féminin[collection] massdevant cette accumulation de preuves/démentis faced with this mass of proof/with repeated denials -
45 -que
- que (sometimes -quē, V., O.), conj enclit. [2 CA-]. I. Singly, affixed to a word and joining it with a preceding word in one conception, and: fames sitisque: peto quaesoque: cibus victusque, L.: divinarum humanarumque scientia: carus acceptusque, S.: ius fasque, L.: diu noctuque, S.: longe multumque: saepe diuque, H.: iam iamque moriundum esse, every moment: ipse meique, H.: vivunt vigentque, L.: ultro citroque: pace belloque, L.: tempus locusque, L.—Affixed to the last word of a series, and, and in fine: fauste, feliciter, prospereque: ab honore, famā fortunisque: pacem, tranquillitatem, otium concordiamque adferat.—Affixed to another word than that which it adds, and (poet.): si plostra ducenta Concurrantque tria funera, H.: ut cantūs referatque ludos, H.—Adding a co-ordinate clause, regularly affixed to the first word; but, when this is a monosyl. praep., usu. in prose to the following noun, and, and so, and accordingly, and in fact: Tarquini iudicium falsam videri, eumque in vinculis retinendum, S.: ad tempus non venit, metusque rem inpediebat, S.: cum in praediis esset, cumque se dedisset: oppidum deletum est, omniaque deportata: cum volnera acceperit, cumque exercitum eduxerit: fretusque his animis Aeneas, L.: de provinciāque: per vimque.—But the praep. often takes que: cumque eis Aborigines (vagabantur), S.: deque praedā honorem habitote, L.: transque proximos montīs pedites condit, L.: pro nobis proque iis, L.—Connecting alternatives, or: uxores habent deni duodenique inter se communes, Cs.: pelago dona Praecipitare, subiectisque urere flammis, V.—Adversatively, but: studio ad rem p. latus sum, ibique multa mihi advorsa fuere, S.: nec iudicibus supplex fuit, adhibuitque liberam contumaciam.— II. Correlat., with - que, repeated, both... and, as well... as (in prose only where the first -que is affixed to a pron.): qui seque remque p. perditum irent, S.: omnes, quique Romae quique in exercitu erant, L.: risūsque iocosque, H.: mittuntque feruntque, O.: O terque quaterque beati, V.—Often connecting clauses, or words within a clause which is itself appended by -que: singulasque res definimus circumscripteque complectimur: statuam statui, circumque eam locum ludis gladiatoribusque liberos posteresque eius habere.—More than twice (poet.): Quod mihique eraeque filiaeque erilist, T.: Aspice mundum, Terrasque tractūsque maris caelumque, V. —Followed by et or atque, both... and, as well... as, not only... but also: seque et oppidum tradat, S.: signaque et ordines, L.: seque et arma et equos, Ta.: posuitque domos atque horrea fecit, V.: satisque ac super, O.: minusque ac minus, L. —After et (rare; but -que often connects words in a clause introduced by et), both... and: et Epaminondas Themistoclesque: id et singulis universisque semper honori fuisse, L. -
46 पशानुपूर्वी
-
47 обращение
access, call, ( видеоэффект) mirror effect, (с чем-л.) handling, inversion, revolution, reference вчт., referencing, picture reverse* * *обраще́ние с.1. ( вращение вокруг своей оси) rotation; ( вращение вокруг другого тела) revolution2. (циркуляция, напр. в системе) circulation3. addressing, application, reference4. ( превращение) transformation, conversion5. ( манипулирование) handlingбезопа́сный в обраще́нии — safe to handle6. (к памяти, массиву или сообщению в ЭВМ для поиска и вызова информации) access to, reference to (storage, a file, an item)обраще́ние к масси́ву обеспе́чивается ключевы́ми слова́ми — access to the file is available through key wordsобраще́ние изображе́ния по горизонта́ли — lateral inversion of imageобраще́ние изображе́ния, попере́чное — lateral inversion of imageобраще́ние к па́мяти — reference to storage, access to memory, memory accessобраще́ние к па́мяти осуществля́ется че́рез … — the memory is accessed through …обраще́ние к табли́це — table look-upобраще́ние к яче́йке — reference to cellа́дрес яче́йки па́мяти допуска́ет многокра́тное обраще́ние к ней — the address of a storage location permits repeated reference to the same cellобраще́ние ма́трицы — matrix inversionобраще́ние негати́ва кфт. — (negative) reversalобраще́ние поля́рности — polarity reversal, reversal of polarityобраще́ние ря́да мат. — reversion [inversion] of a seriesобраще́ние спе́ктра — reversal of the spectrum, reversal of linesобраще́ние фа́зы — phase inversion, phase reversal -
48 screening
noun2) (Med.) Untersuchung, diemass screening — Reihenuntersuchung, die
* * *screen·ing[ˈskri:nɪŋ]nthe series has had repeated \screenings die Serie ist mehrmals wiederholt worden4. MED (examination) Untersuchung f; (X-ray) Röntgenuntersuchung f, Röntgen nt kein pl, Durchleuchtung f* * *['skriːnɪŋ]n2) (of applicants, security risks) Überprüfung f* * *1. (Durch)Sieben n2. fig Überprüfung f3. FOTOa) Projizierung fb) Rastern n4. a) Verfilmung fb) TV Sendung fc) FILM Vorführung f5. pla) (das) (Durch)Gesiebteb) Abfall m* * *noun2) (Med.) Untersuchung, diemass screening — Reihenuntersuchung, die
* * *(computers) n.Rasterung f. n.Abschirmung f.Vorauswahl f. -
49 machine
станок; машина || обрабатывать на станкеto machine all over — обрабатывать ( изделие) кругом
to CNC machine — обрабатывать на станке с ЧПУ, обрабатывать на станке с ЧПУ типа CNC, обрабатывать изделие на станке с ЧПУ, обрабатывать изделие на станке с ЧПУ типа CNC
to fix a machine — налаживать станок; ремонтировать станок
to machine off — срезать; отрезать
to machine the feature — обрабатывать элемент, обрабатывать элемент изделия
to program the machine — программировать ( обработку) на станке
machine with sliding frame — станок с подвижной рамой, станок с перемещающейся рамой
- 2 m3 machinemachine with traveling table for shaping — станок с подвижным столом для раскроя по формату, станок с перемещающимся столом для раскроя по формату
- 3-axis NC machine
- 50-taper machine
- 630-mm-class machine
- 90º plate shearing machine
- 90º sheet shearing machine
- above resonance-balancing machine
- abrasion testing machine
- abrasive belt head machine
- abrasive belt-grinding machine
- abrasive cold-sawing machine
- abrasive cutting-off machine
- abrasive disk machine
- abrasive electrochemical machine
- abrasive metal-cutting machine
- abrasive wear-testing machine
- AC machine
- accounting machine
- acyclic machine
- adapting machine
- adaptive control machine
- adaptive controlled machine
- adding machine
- adjustable multiple-spindle drilling machine
- adjustable rail machine
- adjustable rail milling machine
- advanced technology machine
- air-drying machine
- airspace profiling machine
- align boring machine
- all-electric machine
- all-geared machine
- all-hydraulic machine
- all-purpose machine
- all-steel machine
- alterating impact testing machine
- alterating stress testing machine
- aluminum machine
- analog machine
- ancillary inspection machine
- angle straightening machine
- angle-bending machine
- angle-iron bending machine
- angle-iron shearing machine
- anthropomorphic machine
- arm tapping machine
- armoring machine
- articulating arm tapping machine
- artificial intelligence-driven machine
- AS/R machine
- aspheric diamond turning machine
- assembling machine
- assembly machine
- ATC machine
- ATC-equipped machine
- atomic X-ray machine
- attrition testing machine
- autochucking machine
- automatic arc welding machine
- automatic assembly machine
- automatic bar machine
- automatic buffing machine
- automatic chucking machine
- automatic chucking-and-turning machine
- automatic continuous drum milling machine
- automatic data processing machine
- automatic drill fluting machine
- automatic forging machine
- automatic gas-cutting machine
- automatic gas-welding machine
- automatic machine
- automatic metal forming machine
- automatic polishing machine
- automatic punching machine
- automatic screw machine
- automatic straightening and cutting machine
- automatic strip-straightening machine
- automatic tapping machine
- automatic toolchanger machine
- automatic toolchanging machine
- automatic turret machine
- axial fatigue machine
- axis-controlled machine
- axle turning machine
- balancing machine
- baling machine
- ball race grinding machine
- ball screw machine
- ball-grinding machine
- ball-hardness testing machine
- balling machine
- band cutoff machine
- band machine
- band metal shearing machine
- band-filing machine
- band-grinding machine
- banding machine
- band-polishing machine
- bandsaw blade grinding machine
- bandsaw machine
- bandsaw welding machine
- bandsaw-brazing machine
- bandsawing machine
- bandsaw-sharpening machine
- bar automatic turning machine
- bar feed machine
- bar feed turning machine
- bar machine
- bar-and-chucking machine
- bar-and-chucking turning machine
- bar-and-tube straightening machine
- bar-bending machine
- bar-chamfering machine
- bar-cutting machine
- bar-pointing machine
- bar-polishing machine
- barreling machine
- bar-shearing machine
- bar-skimming machine
- bar-straightening machine
- bar-tagging machine
- bar-type boring machine
- base-type milling machine
- basic machine
- batch-produced machine
- battery spot-welding machine
- beading machine
- bearing roller lapping machine
- bed-type configuration machine
- bed-type drilling machine
- bed-type machine
- bed-type milling machine
- below resonance balancing machine
- belt-driven machine
- belt-grinding machine
- belt-polishing machine
- bench-grinding machine
- bench-mounted machine
- bench-top machine
- bench-type machine
- bending and forming machine
- bending machine
- between-centers turning machine
- bevel gear hobbing machine for spiral bevel gears
- bevel gear hobbing machine for straight gears
- bevel gear lapping machine
- bevel gear making machine
- bevel gear testing machine
- bevel grinding machine
- beveling machine
- bidirectional broaching machine
- binding machine
- bipedal walking machine
- bitting machine
- blade-edging machine
- blade-grinding machine
- blanking machine
- blending machine
- blind spline broach machine
- blind spline broaching machine
- block-and-head broaching machine
- blocked machine
- blower machine
- blowing machine
- blow-ramming molding machine
- blue-print machine
- blue-printing machine
- bobbin machine
- bolt head forging machine
- bolting machine
- bolt-maker machine
- bolt-making machine
- bolt-pointing machine
- bolt-screwing machine
- bolt-threading machine
- bolt-upsetting machine
- bonded machine
- bore centerless grinding machine
- bore-sizing machine
- bore-slotting machine
- boring and milling machine
- boring machine
- boring/facing machine
- boring, drilling and milling machine
- boring, milling and drilling machine
- bottleneck machine
- box-column drilling machine
- bracket-drilling machine
- bracket-milling machine
- braiding machine
- brazing machine
- breaking machine
- bridge machine
- Bridgeport milling machine
- bridge-type milling machine
- Brinell's machine
- broach pulldown machine
- broach-and-center machine
- broach-grinding machine
- broaching tool sharpening machine
- broach-sharpening machine
- brushing machine
- buffing machine
- built-from-scratch machine
- bunching machine
- burn machine
- burning machine
- burnishing machine
- burr-cutting machine
- burring machine
- busy machine
- butt-seam welding machine
- butt-welding machine
- by-level broaching machine
- cabinet-based machine
- cable tension testing machine
- cable-making machine
- cable-stranding machine
- cam automatic screw machine
- cam machine
- cam-controlled machine
- cam-controlled screw machine
- cam-cutting machine
- cam-driven machine
- cam-driven screw machine
- cam-grinding machine
- cam-measuring machine
- cammed screw machine
- cam-milling machine
- cam-operated screw machine
- camshaft-grinding machine
- capable machine
- capacitor discharge spot-welding machine
- capacitor spot-welding machine
- capstan drive machine
- car wheel grinding machine
- carbide tool grinding machine
- carbide tool lapping machine
- carousel machine
- cast iron machine
- cast machine
- casting cleaning machine
- casting machine
- casting washing machine
- cavity sinking EDM machine
- cell machine
- center column rotary index machine
- center column rotary indexing machine
- center hole grinding machine
- center hole lapping machine
- center-drilling machine
- centerdrive machine
- centering and end facing machine
- centering and facing machine
- centering machine
- centerless bar turning machine
- centerless cylindrical grinding machine
- centerless grinding machine
- centerless lapping machine
- centerless polishing machine
- centerless turning machine
- center-type machine
- center-type turning machine
- centrifugal babbiting machine
- centrifugal casting machine
- centrifugal machine
- centrifugal sand-throwing machine
- ceramic-cutting machine
- chain broaching machine
- chain making machine
- chain shotblasting machine
- chain tension testing machine
- chain testing machine
- chain-operated broaching machine
- chamfering machine
- charge-discharge machine
- Charpy impact machine
- Charpy machine
- charting machine
- check balancing machine
- checking machine
- chip-making machine
- chip-producing machine
- chucker machine
- chucker-and-bar machine
- chucking machine
- circle cutting machine
- circuit board drilling machine
- circular cold sawing machine
- circular continuous milling machine
- circular cutoff machine
- circular dividing machine
- circular graduating machine
- circular grinding machine
- circular hot sawing machine
- circular saw blade grinding machine
- circular saw sharpening machine
- circular sawing machine
- circular seam-welding machine
- circumferential seam-welding machine
- cleaning machine
- closing machine
- CNC high-speed routing machine
- CNC machine
- CNC screw machine
- CNC Swiss-type screw machine
- CNC/CMM machine
- CNC-manual machine
- CNC-operated machine
- CNC-retrofitted machine
- CO2 laser cutting machine
- coil banding machine
- coil downending machine
- coiling machine
- coil-processing machine
- coil-strapping machine
- coil-stripping machine
- coil-winding machine
- coil-wrapping machine
- cold saw-cutting-off machine
- cold thread rolling machine
- cold upsetting machine
- cold-chamber die-casting machine
- cold-forging machine
- cold-forming machine
- cold-heading machine
- cold-sawing machine
- collecting machine
- column drilling machine
- column-and-knee-type machine
- column-and-knee-type milling machine
- combination jarring squeezing molding machine
- combined boring-and-honing machine
- combined curve-cutting and nibbling machine
- combined gear hobbing and gear shaping machine
- combined machine
- combined milling-turning machine
- combined planing-and-milling machine
- combined shearing machine
- combined surface planing and thicknessing machine
- combined vertical and horizontal broaching machine
- commercial machine
- commutator machine
- complementary machines
- component cleaning machine
- component insertion machine
- composite boring-and-honing machine
- compound machine
- compound table machine
- compound universal milling machine
- compressed air driven machine
- compressed gas machine
- compression-testing machine
- compression-type machine
- computer-controlled industrial machine
- computer-controlled machine
- computerized machine
- computing machine
- condenser spot-welding machine
- cone pulley machine
- conical rotor machine
- constant cycling machine
- container erecting-and-forming machine
- container-cleaning machine
- container-washing machine
- continuous chain broaching machine
- continuous drum milling machine
- continuous motion machine
- continuous motion orienting-and-tapping machine
- continuous path NC machine
- continuous path tape controlled machine
- continuous roll-forming machine
- continuous rotary milling machine
- continuous tapping machine
- continuous wire EDM machine
- continuous wire machine
- continuous-casting machine with bending discharge
- continuous-casting machine
- continuously running machine
- contour band machine
- contour production machine
- contour squeeze molding machine
- contouring band machine
- contouring machine
- contour-milling machine
- contour-shaping machine
- controlling machine
- conventional machine
- conventional manually-operated machine
- conventionally operated machine
- converted lathe-and-milling machine
- converted machine
- convertible planing machine
- conveying machine
- cooling machine
- coordinate boring machine
- coordinate boring-and-milling machine
- coordinate drilling machine
- coordinate drilling-boring-and-milling machine
- coordinate inspection machine
- coordinate measuring machine
- coping machine
- copy control machine
- copy grinding machine
- copying machine
- copy-milling machine
- copy-piercing machine
- copy-planing machine
- core blowing machine
- core jarring machine
- core shooting machine
- core wire straightening machine
- core-making machine
- corrosion-fatigue testing machine
- corrugating machine
- countersink machine
- countersinking machine
- coupling machine
- crack detection machine
- crankpin-turning machine
- crankshaft-balancing machine
- crankshaft-grinding machine
- crankshaft-lapping machine
- crankshaft-milling machine
- crankshaft-regrinding machine
- crank-shaping machine
- crank-slotting machine
- creasing machine
- creep feed grinding machine
- creep testing machine
- crimping machine
- crocodile shearing machine
- cropping machine
- cross roll-forging machine
- cross-wire welding machine
- crosswise veneer splicing machine
- crushing machine
- cupping machine
- curling machine
- curtain coating machine
- curve-cutting machine
- curved tooth bevel gear cutting machine
- curve-milling machine
- curvilinear slotting machine
- curving machine
- custom metalcutting machine
- custom-assembled machine
- custom-build machine
- customized machine
- cutoff band machine
- cutoff machine
- cutter inspection machine
- cutter-checking machine
- cutter-grinding machine
- cutter-relieving machine
- cutting machine with coordinate drive
- cutting machine
- cutting-off machine
- cylinder-boring machine
- cylinder-grinding machine
- cylinder-honing machine
- cylindrical coordinate-measuring machine
- cylindrical external grinding machine
- cylindrical gear hobbing machine
- cylindrical gear shaping machine
- cylindrical rotor machine
- cylindrical turning machine
- cylindrical-die thread-rolling machine
- data processing machine
- database machine
- DCC coordinate measuring machine
- De Levaud casting machine
- deburring machine
- decoiling machine
- dedicated proving machine
- dedicated special machine
- deencapsulation machine
- deep drawing machine
- deep hole boring machine
- deep hole drilling machine
- deep hole drilling/boring machine
- deep rolling machine
- defective machine
- degreasing machine
- descaling machine
- deseaming machine
- desktop machine
- destination machine
- detangling machine
- detwisting machine
- development machine
- dial machine
- dial-index machine
- dial-indexing machine
- dial-type machine
- dial-type transfer machine
- diamond die polishing machine
- diamond machine
- diamond pyramid hardness machine
- diamond-boring machine
- diamond-contouring machine
- diamond-honing machine
- diamond-impregnated wire cutting machine
- diamond-turning machine
- die head chaser grinding machine
- die-and-mold grinding machine
- die-casting machine
- die-filing machine
- die-grinding machine
- die-milling machine
- die-polishing machine
- die-ripping machine
- die-shaping machine
- die-sinking and hole-contouring machine
- die-sinking machine
- die-sinking milling machine
- die-sinking spark erosion machine
- die-stamping machine
- digging machine
- digitizing and scanning machine
- digitizing machine
- digitizing/cutting machine
- digitizing-metalcutting machine
- dimensional gaging machine
- direct computer controlled machine
- direct current commutator machine
- direct stress machine
- direct stress testing machine
- direct-drive machine
- discharge machine
- disk machine
- disk sanding machine
- disk-cutting machine
- disk-grinding machine
- disk-resurfacing machine
- dividing machine
- DMM machine
- DNC-controlled machine
- DNC-like machine
- DNC-supported machine
- double duplex milling machine
- double portal cutting machine
- double wheel lapping machine
- double-cantilever cutting machine
- double-column milling machine
- double-column planing machine
- double-column slideway grinding machine
- double-disk grinding machine
- double-end facing-and-centering machine
- double-end fine boring machine
- double-end grinding machine
- double-end machine
- double-end mill-and-centering machine
- double-end milling machine
- double-ended centering and end-facing machine
- double-ended centering machine
- double-ended drilling machine
- double-ended machine
- double-ended milling machine
- double-faced mill-and-centering machine
- double-fed asynchronous machine
- double-gantry milling machine
- double-head machine
- double-housing machine
- double-housing milling machine
- double-lap lapping and polishing machine
- double-punching machine
- double-ram vertical broaching machine
- double-roll forming machine
- double-shaping machine
- double-slide vertical broaching machine
- double-strand pig machine
- dovetailing machine
- dowel-insert machine
- down machine
- downstroking machine
- drafting machine
- draw machine
- drawing machine
- dream machine
- dressing machine
- drill and tap machine
- drill fluting machine
- drill machine
- drill press machine
- drill/tap machine
- drill-grinding machine
- drillhead-changing machine
- drilling machine
- drilling, milling and boring machine
- drilling-and-boring machine
- drilling-and-counterboring machine
- drilling-and-milling machine
- drilling-and-routing machine
- drilling-and-tapping machine
- drilling-and-threading machine
- drilling-tapping machine
- drill-layout machine
- drooping-characteristic machine
- drop-testing machine
- drum-type continuous milling machine
- drum-type milling machine
- dry cutting machine
- dry-floor machine
- drying machine
- dual co-axial spindle and subspindle turning machine
- dual controlled manual/CNC machine
- dual machine
- dual planing-and-milling machine
- dual-gantry machine
- dual-head machine
- dual-pallet machine
- dual-purpose machine
- dual-ram surface-broaching machine
- dual-station machine
- ductility testing machine
- dummy machine
- dumping molding machine
- duplex machine for rail ends
- duplex machine
- duplex multiple spindle machine
- duplex vertical broaching machine
- duplex-head milling machine
- duplex-manufacturing bed-type milling machine
- duplex-type of surface broaching machine
- duplicating machine
- duplicating milling machine
- dynamic balancing machine
- eager-beaver pulldown broaching machine
- earth-moving machine
- EB welding machine
- ECM machine
- economically priced machine
- ED grinding machine
- ED wire cutting machine
- ED-copying machine
- ED-cutting-off machine
- eddy current machine
- eddy current test machine
- edge-beveling machine
- edge-chamfering machine
- edge-cutting machine
- edge-knurling machine
- edge-milling machine
- edge-planing machine
- edge-trimming machine
- edging machine
- EDM diesinking machine
- EDM machine
- EDM texturing machine
- EDM wire machine
- EDM wire-cut machine
- ED-sinking machine
- educational machine
- efficiency testing machine
- eight-axis NC machine
- electric drive machine
- electric machine
- electric molding machine
- electrical discharge die-sinking and hole-contouring machine
- electrical discharge machine
- electrical discharge outcutting machine
- electrical discharge profiling machine
- electrically-operated machine
- electric-spark cutting machine
- electrochemical grinding machine
- electrode feeding machine
- electro-discharge drilling machine
- electro-discharge grinding machine
- electrolytic grinding machine
- electrolytic machine
- electrolytic tinning machine
- electrolytically assisted cutting-off machine
- electrolytically assisted machine
- electromagnetic molding machine
- electron beam drilling machine
- electron beam machine
- electron beam welding machine
- electronic data processing machine
- electroplating machine
- electrostatic stored-energy machine
- elevating beam boring machine
- elevating head milling machine
- elevating machine
- elevating rail machine
- elevator machine
- embossing machine
- encapsulating machine
- end preparation machine
- end-finishing machine
- end-finishing-centering machine
- end-grinding machine
- ending-and-centering machine
- end-turning machine
- endurance testing machine for repeated torsion
- endurance testing machine
- end-working machine
- energy machine
- energy transforming machine
- energy-intensive machine
- engraving form duplicating machine
- engraving machine
- engraving-type form duplicating machine
- Erichsen cupping machine
- Erichsen ductility machine
- eroding machine
- erosion machine
- etch machine
- etching machine
- exhibited machine
- expanding machine
- explosive force molding machine
- extended-travel machine
- extension machine
- external angular plunge grinding machine
- external broaching machine
- external cylindrical centerless grinding machine
- external grinding machine
- external honing machine
- extracting machine
- extruding machine
- extrusion machine
- face-grinding machine
- face-milling machine
- facing machine
- facing-and-centering machine
- facsimile machine
- failed machine
- falling weight testing machine
- fastener tapping-and-orienting machine
- fatigue bending machine
- fatigue testing machine for alternating torsion
- fatigue testing machine
- fault detection machine
- fax machine
- feedback machine
- field-tested machine
- file-cutting machine
- file-testing machine
- filing machine
- filing-and-sawing machine
- filling machine
- fine boring machine
- fine countersinking machine
- fine-blanking machine
- finish boring machine
- finishing machine
- finite memory machine
- finite state machine
- first-off machine
- fir-tree broachinng machine
- fir-tree milling machine
- five-side machine
- five-sided machine
- fixed beam machine
- fixed bed milling machine
- fixed bed-type milling machine
- fixed cycle machine
- fixed machine
- fixed post machine
- fixed sequence machine
- fixed weighing machine
- fixed-column machine
- fixed-table machine
- flame-cutting machine
- flame-profiling machine
- flanging machine
- flash butt-welding machine
- flat die thread-rolling machine
- flattening machine
- flexible assembly machine
- flexible machine
- flexible shaft filing machine
- flexible transfer machine
- flexing machine
- floor charging machine
- floor horizontal boring machine
- floor machine
- floor-type horizontal boring machine
- floor-type machine
- floor-type stripper machine
- flotation machine
- Floturn machine
- flowturning machine
- FLS machine
- fluid-actuated machine
- fluid-feed machine
- flute-grinding machine
- flute-milling machine
- fluting machine
- flying cutoff machine
- FM machine
- FMS machine
- FMS-capable machine
- foil butt-seam welding machine
- folding machine
- foot-operated welding machine
- forge rolling machine
- forging machine
- form cutter milling machine
- form-duplicating machine
- form-grinding machine
- forming machine
- form-milling machine
- form-testing machine
- foundry machine
- four-ball machine
- four-pallet machine
- four-roll bending machine
- four-roll forming machine
- four-roll sheet bending machine
- four-strand continuous casting machine
- friction disk sawing machine
- front-loading turning machine
- front-operated turning machine
- full-automatic turret screw machine
- furnace hoisting machine
- furnace-threading machine
- fusion cutting-off machine
- gaging machine
- gag-straightening machine
- galvanizing machine
- gang drilling machine
- gang slitting machine
- ganghead replaceable-type machine
- gangspindle drilling machine
- gang-tooled machine
- gang-type drilling machine
- gantry cutting machine
- gantry-loaded machine
- gantry-type machine
- gantry-type milling machine
- gantry-type plano-milling machine
- gas-cutting machine
- gear cutter grinding machine
- gear fine processing machine
- gear grinding and polishing machine
- gear lapping and polishing machine
- gear machine
- gear profile grinding machine
- gear tooth chamfering machine
- gear tooth grinding machine
- gear tooth inspection machine
- gear tooth rounding machine
- gear-burnishing machine
- gear-chamfering machine
- gear-checking machine
- gear-cutting machine
- gear-deburring machine
- geared head machine
- gear-finishing machine
- gear-grinding machine
- gear-hardening machine
- gear-hobbing machine for spur gears
- gear-hobbing machine
- gear-honing machine
- gear-lapping machine
- gear-making machine
- gear-manufacturing machine
- gear-measuring machine
- gear-milling machine
- gear-polishing machine
- gear-producing machine
- gear-rolling machine
- gear-shaping machine
- gear-shaving machine
- gear-sizing machine
- gear-testing machine
- general-purpose flat surface broaching machine
- general-purpose machine
- generating machine
- gilding machine
- gimbals head rolling machine
- gold rolling machine
- grading machine
- grinder-milling machine
- grinding machine for drill bits
- grinding machine with rotating column
- grinding machine
- grinding-and-lapping machine
- grinding-and-polishing machine
- grooving machine
- G-Tech machine
- Guillotine knife grinding machine for long knives
- Guillotine knife grinding machine
- gun-boring machine
- gun-drill machine
- gun-drilling machine
- gun-rifling machine
- gun-welding machine
- hacksawing machine
- half-NC machine
- hammer impact machine
- hammering machine
- hand-driven cutting machine
- hand-fed machine
- hand-held machine
- hand-load machine
- hand-milling machine
- hand-operated molding machine
- hand-operated press-molding machine
- hand-operated squeezing machine
- hard bearing balancing machine
- hard X-ray machine
- hardening machine
- hardness-testing machine
- hardwired NC machine
- Hazellet continuous strip casting machine
- head-changer machine
- head-changing machine
- heading machine
- headstock moving-type automatic screw machine
- head-to-head machines
- heating machine
- heavy machine
- heavy-duty machine
- heavy-hogging machine
- hexapod machine
- high-accuracy machine
- high-energy-rate forging machine
- high-energy-rate machine
- high-frequency ac welding machine
- high-frequency hardening machine
- highly accurate machine
- highly productive machine
- high-performance machine
- high-precision machine
- high-production machine
- high-productivity machine
- high-specification machine
- high-speed drafting machine
- high-speed machine
- high-speed spindle machine
- high-technology machine
- high-temperature fatigue testing machine
- high-velocity ram machine
- high-volume machine
- hinged roll-over machine
- hitch-feed cut-off machine
- HNC machine
- hob back-off machine
- hob tooth profile grinding machine
- hobbing machine
- hob-grinding machine
- hob-sharpening machine
- hoisting machine
- hole milling-and-reaming machine
- hole-making machine
- hole-punching machine
- hone machine
- honing machine
- honing-and-lapping machine
- horizontal arm measuring machine
- horizontal band machine
- horizontal bar machine
- horizontal boring machine
- horizontal broaching machine
- horizontal casting machine
- horizontal continuous broaching machine
- horizontal continuous drilling machine
- horizontal forging machine
- horizontal indexing machine
- horizontal internal broaching machine
- horizontal machine
- horizontal milling machine
- horizontal plate-bending machine
- horizontal punching machine
- horizontal ram machine
- horizontal shaping machine
- horizontal slotting machine
- horizontal spindle surface grinding machine
- horizontal square T-planer type milling machine
- horizontal-type machine
- horizontal-vertical milling machine
- hose-type sandblast tank machine
- host machine
- hot plate straightening machine
- hot-box core-making machine
- hot-chamber die-casting machine
- hot-heading machine
- hot-metal sawing machine
- hsc machine
- hybrid machine
- hydraulic axis machine
- hydraulic balancing machine
- hydraulic bloom shearing machine
- hydraulic core knockout machine
- hydraulic machine
- hydraulic molding machine
- hydraulic pipe testing machine
- hydraulic riveting machine
- hydraulic shearing machine
- hydraulic squeeze machine
- hydraulically-assisted machine
- hydraulically-driven machine
- hydraulically-powered machine
- hydraulic-assisted machine
- hydraulic-driven machine
- hydraulic-electric machine
- hydraulic-powered machine
- hydro-copying machine
- hydrostatic machine
- hydrostatic-extrusion machine
- imitation machine
- impact machine
- impact pendulum-type testing machine
- impact tension machine
- impact-test machine
- impact-testing machine
- impulse-cutting machine
- impulse-forming machine
- impulsive machine
- inclined tapping machine
- indentation machine
- index machine
- index milling machine
- indexer machine
- indexing chuck machine
- indexing drum milling machine
- indexing head machine
- indexing machine
- indexing turret machine
- induction hardening machine
- induction softening machine
- industrial machine
- informational machine
- ingot stripper machine
- ingot-planing machine
- ingot-scalping machine
- ingot-slicing machine
- injection-molding machine
- in-line machine
- in-line synchronous machine
- in-line transfer machine
- innovative machine
- inspection and measuring machine
- inspection machine
- integrated turning/milling machine
- intelligent machine
- intermittently manned machine
- internal broaching machine
- internal grinding machine
- internal grooving machine
- internal keyseating machine
- internal lapping machine
- internal planetary-type grinding machine
- internal thread grinding machine
- internal-and-external broaching machine
- internal-external inspection machine
- internal-part-transfer vertical broaching machine
- inverted vertical turning machine
- involute profile measuring machine
- ion beam machine
- iron shearing machine
- jar molding machine
- jar ramming machine
- jar ramming roll-over molding machine
- jarring machine
- jig milling machine
- jig-borer-class machine
- jig-boring machine
- jig-drilling machine
- jig-grinding machine
- jigless machine
- job-dedicated machine
- joggling machine
- jointed arm drilling machine
- jolt core-making machine
- jolt molding machine
- jolt pattern-draw molding machine
- jolt roll-over pattern-draw molding machine
- jolt squeeze molding machine
- journal-milling machine
- journal-turning machine
- Kenyon machine
- key machine
- key-and-slot milling machine
- key-bitting machine
- key-cutting machine
- key-duplicating machine
- keyseating and slot milling machine
- keyseating machine
- keyseating milling machine
- keyway-cutting machine
- keyway-milling machine
- keyway-seating machine
- keyway-slotting machine
- kneading machine
- knee-and-column machine
- knee-and-column milling machine
- knee-and-column-type milling machine
- kneeless-type milling machine
- knee-type machine
- knee-type milling machine
- knife-grinding machine
- knitting machine
- knurling machine
- labeling machine
- lamination segments blanking machine
- lapping and polishing machine
- lapping machine
- large-dimensioned machine
- large-scale machine
- large-size machine
- laser beam cutting machine
- laser beam machine
- laser die-sinking machine
- laser etch machine
- laser etching machine
- laser-assisted machine
- laser-controlled machine
- laser-cutting machine
- laser-hardening machine
- laser-scribing machine
- lathe machine
- laying-out machine
- lay-out machine
- lead screw tapping machine
- lead screw testing machine
- leakage-testing machine
- lens-grinding machine
- letter and paper cup machine
- leveling machine
- lever punching machine
- lever testing machine
- leverage proportioned tracing milling machine
- lever-type Brinell machine
- lifting machine
- light machine
- light production machine
- light-duty machine
- lightly manned machine
- light-weight machine
- limited-interference machine
- linear path-controlled machine
- linear station machine
- line-boring machine
- line-controlled machine
- live spindle machine
- lock-seaming machine
- long travel machine
- long-feed cut-off machine
- longitudinal circular cold sawing machine
- longitudinal dividing machine
- longitudinal grinding machine
- longitudinal seam-welding machine
- long-lasting machine
- long-running machine
- long-stroke broaching machine
- long-stroke machine
- long-term strength testing machine
- low-pressure die-casting machine
- machine of compact construction
- machine of dieing design
- machine of the state of the art
- machining machine
- magazine bar feed machine
- magnetic cobbing machine
- magnetic force welding machine
- magnetic forming machine
- maintenance-free machine
- manual machine
- manual-CNC machine
- manual-CNC turning machine
- manually controlled machine
- manually jogged machine
- manually tended machine
- manual-toolchange machine
- manufacturing bed-type milling machine
- manufacturing machine
- manufacturing milling machine
- manufacturing-oriented machine
- manufacturing-type machine
- marking machine
- marking-off machine
- marking-out machine
- mass centering machine
- mass-production machine
- master machine
- match-plate molding machine
- material testing machine
- material-cutting machine
- MDI-controlled machine
- measurement machine
- measuring machine
- mechanical drive machine
- mechanically driven machine
- medium duty machine
- medium travel machine
- mesh-welding machine
- metal slitting machine
- metal testing machine
- metal-cutting machine
- metal-folding machine
- metal-forming machine
- metal-planing machine
- metal-removing machine
- metal-sawing machine
- metal-working machine
- metamorphic machine
- metrology machine
- microcomputer-based NC machine
- microdrilling machine
- microfinishing machine
- micromilling machine
- microscopic drilling machine
- mill/turn machine
- mill-drill-bore machine
- milling cutter grinding machine
- milling machine with table of fixed height and with vertical spindle
- milling machine with table of variable height and with horizontal spindle
- milling machine with table of variable height
- milling machine
- milling/drilling machine
- milling/turning machine
- milling-and-boring machine
- milling-and-centering machine
- minicomputer-controlled machine
- minicoordinate boring machine
- minicoordinate drilling machine
- miter saw machine
- miter-cutting machine
- mitering saw machine
- mixing machine
- mobile gantry-type machine
- mobile weighing machine
- mock-up machine
- model engineers milling machine
- modular industrial machine
- modular machine
- modular-type machine
- molding machine
- mortising machine
- motor-driven welding machine
- movable bridge machine
- movable column machine
- movable saddle machine
- moving bridge machine
- moving column/fixed table machine
- moving machine
- moving table machine
- multiaxis machine
- multidie machine
- multidisciplinary machine
- multidrilling machine
- multifunction machine
- multihead automatic arc-welding machine
- multihead changer machine
- multihead machine
- multihead milling machine
- multiloaded machine
- multioperation machine
- multioperational machine
- multipallet machine
- multiple machines
- multiple secondary-operation machine
- multiple second-operation machine
- multiple-beam flame planing machine
- multiple-blowpipe machine
- multiple-broach broaching machine
- multiple-burner machine
- multiple-diameter grinding machine
- multiple-diameter turning machine
- multiple-head broaching machine
- multiple-head drilling machine
- multiple-operation machine
- multiple-purpose machine
- multiple-roll machine
- multiple-spindle automatic machine
- multiple-spindle bar machine
- multiple-spindle machine
- multiple-spot welding machine
- multiple-station machine
- multiple-station transfer machine
- multiple-table milling machine
- multiple-torch machine
- multiple-transformer machine
- multiple-transformer spot-welding machine
- multiproduct machine
- multipurpose broaching machine
- multipurpose shearing machine
- multireduction wire-drawing machine
- multiroll bar straightening machine
- multiroller machine
- multisensor coordinate machine
- multispecimen testing machine
- multispindle automatic screw machine
- multispindle bar machine
- multispindle head machine
- multispindle head-changing machine
- multispindle screw machine
- multispot machine
- multistation indexing transfer machine
- multistation machine
- multisurface machine
- multitool turning machine
- multiunit drilling machine
- multiuniversal machine
- multiway drilling machine
- nail-making machine
- narrow belt sanding machine
- NC machine
- needle die grinding machine
- needle die polishing machine
- nibbling machine
- nibbling, milling and punching machine
- nipple-threading machine
- No.40-taper-tool machine
- No.50-taper machine
- noncantilevered machine
- nonferrous sawing machine
- non-NC machine
- nonstock machine
- nonsystem machine
- normal accuracy machine
- normal manned NC machine
- notching machine
- numbering machine
- nut-castellating machine
- nut-chamfering machine
- nut-deburring machine
- nut-facing machine
- nut-making machine
- nut-running machine
- nut-setting machine
- nut-shaping machine
- nut-tapping machine
- nut-threading machine
- OD grinding machine
- OD machine
- off-line machine
- offset milling machine
- off-site machine
- oil hydraulic machine
- oil roll machine
- oil-grooving machine
- oiling machine
- omnimil versatile machine
- one-axis machine
- one-head automatic arc-welding machine
- one-hit machine
- one-meter machine
- one-off machine
- one-operator machine
- on-line machine
- open-side milling machine
- open-side planing machine
- open-side plano-milling machine
- open-sided milling machine
- operator-independent machine
- operator-initiated machine
- operator-positionable machine
- operator-programmed machine
- opposed spindle machine
- optical jig boring machine
- optical pattern tracing machine
- optical profile grinding machine
- optical reading machine
- original equipment CNC machine
- orthodox machine
- orthogonally movable machine
- oscillating bandsaw machine
- other machines
- outfacing machine
- outmoded machine
- out-of-alignment machine
- overdesigned machine
- overhead gantry machine
- overhead grinding machine
- overhead recessing machine
- overhead traveling drilling machine
- overwrapping machine
- own-use machine
- oxyacetylene-cutting machine
- oxyfuel burn machine
- packaging machine
- pack-checking machine
- packing machine
- paddle blade-type mixing machine
- paint machine
- pallet pool machine
- pallet shuttle machine
- pallet transfer machine
- pallet-change machine
- palletized machine
- pallet-loading machine
- pallet-type transfer machine
- pantograph-engraving machine
- pantographic engraving machine
- pantograph-type milling machine
- paper-cutting machine
- parting machine
- part-transfer vertical broaching machine
- pattern draw machine
- pattern milling machine
- pattern-controlled machine
- pattern-tracing machine
- PCB machine
- PCB-drilling machine
- PC-equipped machine
- PC-governed machine
- pedal-operated welding machine
- pedal-triggered machine
- pedestal spot-welding machine
- pedestal-drilling machine
- pedestal-grinding machine
- peeling machine
- peening machine
- pendant controlled machine
- pendulum impact testing machine
- percussion-welding machine
- perforating machine
- periodic machine
- physico-chemical machine
- pick-and-place machine
- pickling machine
- piercing machine
- pig casting machine
- pillar-drilling machine
- pilot machine
- pincer spot-welding machine
- pinion-generating machine
- pin-lift molding machine
- pin-making machine
- pin-on-disk wear test machine
- pipe cut-off machine
- pipe-bending machine
- pipe-beveling machine
- pipe-beveling/cutting machine
- pipe-chamfering machine
- pipe-cropping machine
- pipe-crushing machine
- pipe-cutting machine
- pipe-expanding machine
- pipe-facing machine
- pipe-flanging machine
- pipe-flaring machine
- pipe-swabbing machine
- pipe-testing machine
- pipe-threading machine
- pipe-welding machine
- piston contouring machine
- piston ring grinding machine
- piston-turning machine
- pit planing machine
- pit-based broaching machine
- pit-type planing machine
- pivot-head machine
- placing machine
- plain grinding machine
- plain horizontal knee-type milling machine
- plain-way machine
- planer-type boring machine
- planer-type machine
- planer-type milling machine
- planer-type surface grinding machine
- planetary grinding machine
- planetary milling machine
- planetary-type thread milling machine
- planing machine
- planing-and-milling machine
- planomilling machine
- plano-type boring-and-milling machine
- plano-type surface grinding machine
- plasma arc machine
- plasma-cutting machine
- plastics extrusion machine
- plate-bending machine
- plate-cutting machine
- plate-edge beveling machine
- plate-edge planing machine
- plate-fabricating machine
- plate-flanging machine
- plate-flattening machine
- plate-leveling machine
- platen TL machine
- platen-tooled machine
- plate-punching machine
- plate-shearing machine
- plate-straightening machine
- plate-working machine
- platform weighing machine
- plating machine
- plier spot-welding machine
- plugboard/capstan machine
- plugboard-control machine
- plugboard-controlled machine
- plug-ramming machine
- plunge-grinding machine
- plunger core machine
- plunger-type pickling machine
- pneumatic hand machine
- pneumatic machine
- pneumatic molding machine
- pointing machine
- pointing rolling machine
- point-to-point NC machine
- polishing machine
- polygonal turning machine
- polyvalent machine
- portable facing machine
- portable machine
- portable milling machine
- portable valve grinding machine
- portal cutting machine
- portal machine
- portal-frame machine
- portal-type machine
- portal-type plano-milling machine with variable height cross rail
- position control machine
- positive-displacement hydraulic machine
- positive-displacement pneumatic machine
- pot-broach vertical broaching machine
- pot-broaching machine
- powder metal compacting machine
- power machine
- power-driven machine
- power-operated molding machine
- precision boring machine
- precision-controlled machine
- precision-drawing machine
- preparatory NC machine
- preset machine
- presetting machine
- press-molding machine
- press-type machine
- pressure die-casting machine
- press-welding machine
- primary turning machine
- printing machine
- prior art machine
- prior art-type machine
- prismatic coordinate inspection machine
- prismatic machine
- prismatic-type indexing machine
- process machines
- processing machine
- process-specialized machine
- production machine
- product-oriented machine
- profile measurement machine
- profile-cutting machine
- profile-grinding machine
- profile-iron bending machine
- profile-milling machine
- profiler machine
- profiling machine
- profiling milling machine
- program sequence controlled machine
- programmable machine
- programmable-controlled machine
- progressive broach machine
- projection form grinding machine
- projection welding machine
- prototype machine
- proving machine
- pull test machine
- pull-broaching machine
- pull-down broaching machine
- pulling-in machine
- pull-type broaching machine
- pull-type machine
- pull-up broaching machine
- punch machine
- punching and shearing machine
- punching machine
- purpose-built machine
- purpose-designed machine
- push-broaching machine
- push-cut shaping machine
- push-down broaching machine
- push-pull fatigue-testing machine
- push-up broaching machine
- qualifying machine
- quenching machine
- rack milling machine
- rack-and-pinion machine
- rack-and-pinion-operated machine
- radial arm-drilling machine
- radial arm-sawing machine
- radial articulated-arm cutting machine
- radial drilling machine
- radial-and-pillar drilling machine
- radiusing machine
- rail end milling machine
- rail-bending machine
- rail-cambering machine
- rail-drilling machine
- rail-straightening machine
- railway axle grinding machine
- ram impact machine
- ram milling machine
- ram-boring machine
- ram-head milling machine
- ramming molding machine
- ram-type boring and horizontal milling machine
- ram-type EDM machine
- ram-type milling machine
- ram-type tooling machine
- ratio cutting machine
- raw component measuring machine
- reading machine
- reaming machine
- reaming-and-facing machine
- recessing machine
- reciprocating cutoff machine
- reciprocating grinding machine
- reciprocating machine
- reciprocating-die machine
- reciprocating-table surface grinding machine
- recognizing machine
- recoiling machine
- rectifier-type welding machine
- redesigned machine
- reference machine
- refrigerating machine
- regrinding machine
- reinforcing bar bending machine
- reinforcing rod cropping machine
- relieving machine
- remote-control machine
- remote-controlled machine
- renewed machine
- repetitive milling machine
- replaceable gang head machine
- replacement machine
- reproducing pattern milling machine
- research-oriented machine
- resistance welding machine
- resonance-balancing machine
- resonant vibration machine
- resurfacing machine
- retapping machine
- reverse torsion fatigue testing machine
- reverse torsion machine
- rewinding machine
- rifling machine
- rigid production machine
- rigid-bed milling machine
- rigid-capable machine
- rise and fall tank machine
- rising blade machine
- rising table broaching machine
- rivet machine
- riveting machine
- robot machine
- robot-assisted machine
- robot-controlled machine
- robot-fed machine
- robotic machine
- robotically-fed machine
- robot-loaded machine
- robot-operated machine
- rock-crushing machine
- rocker-arm spot-welding machine
- rocker-type pickling machine
- Rockwell hardness machine
- Rockwell hardness-testing machine
- roll machine
- roll sheet bending machine
- roll-bending machine
- roll-end milling machine
- roller finishing machine
- roller profiling machine
- roller section-machinestraightening machine
- roller shape-machinestraightening machine
- roller spot-and-seam welding machine
- roller straightening machine
- roller-stretcher machine
- roll-fluting machine
- roll-forging machine
- roll-forming machine
- roll-grinding machine
- rolling dividing machine
- rolling machine
- rolling-and-bending machine
- rolling-on machine
- rolling-quench machine
- roll-over molding machine
- roll-over pattern-draw machine
- roll-seam welding machine
- roll-straightening machine
- roll-threading machine
- roll-turning machine
- rotary assembly machine
- rotary broaching machine
- rotary compression-type machine
- rotary continuous drum-type milling machine
- rotary continuous milling machine
- rotary dial machine
- rotary dial-index machine
- rotary disk filing machine
- rotary drum broaching machine
- rotary drum fixture milling machine
- rotary flame planing machine
- rotary head machine
- rotary indexing drum machine
- rotary indexing machine
- rotary indexing pallet machine
- rotary indexing table machine
- rotary knife cutting machine
- rotary machine
- rotary milling machine with horizontal workholder
- rotary pallet machine
- rotary planetary machine
- rotary planetary-die machine
- rotary stamping machine
- rotary surface grinding machine
- rotary table machine
- rotary tooled machine
- rotary transfer machine
- rotary welding machine
- rotary-drive machine
- rotary-driven machine
- rotary-table broaching machine
- rotary-table index machine
- rotary-table indexing machine
- rotary-table milling machine
- rotary-table surface grinding machine
- rotary-table transfer machine
- rotary-type milling machine
- rotating machine
- rotating-beam fatigue machine
- rotating-beam fatigue testing machine
- rotation machine
- rotor milling machine
- rotor slot milling machine
- rough boring machine
- rough facing machine
- rough grinding machine
- rough milling machine
- rough turning machine
- roughing machine
- round column drilling machine
- rounding machine
- roundness measuring machine
- routing milling machine
- RP machine
- rundown machine
- running balance indicating machine
- S/R machine
- saddle-type machine
- sample preparation machine
- sampling machine
- sandblast cleaning machine
- sandblast machine with stationary nozzle
- sandblast machine
- sandblast sprocket-table machine
- sand-throwing machine
- saw machine
- saw-brazing machine
- saw-cutting machine
- saw-grinding machine
- sawing machine
- saw-setting machine
- saw-sharpening machine
- saw-toothing machine
- scalping machine
- scissors-type horizontal band machine
- scissors-type horizontal machine
- scrap shearing machine
- scraping machine
- scratchbrush machine
- screening machine
- screw machine
- screw thread grinding machine
- screw thread milling machine
- screw thread rolling machine
- screw thread whirling machine
- screw-cutting machine
- screw-driving machine
- screw-head slotting machine
- screwing machine
- screw-nicking machine
- screw-shaving machine
- scribing machine
- scrubbing machine
- scrubbing-and-drying machine
- sculpturing machine
- seam-welding machine
- secondary machine
- second-operation machine
- section bending machine
- section shearing machine
- section-iron bending machine
- section-iron shearing machine
- section-straightening machine
- section-stretching machine
- segmented transfer machine
- self-controlling machine
- self-correcting machine
- semiautomatic arc welding machine
- semiautomatic gas-cutting machine
- semiautomatic grinding machine
- semiautomatic machine
- semiautomatic welding machine
- semiproduction machine
- sensitive drilling machine
- sensitive tapping machine
- separately excited machine
- sequence-controlled machine
- sequential transfer machines
- series-produced machines
- servo indexer machine
- servo slide machine
- sets-of-parts operated machine
- shaft machine
- shape-cutting machine
- shaper machine
- shape-straightening machine
- shaping machine
- sharpening machine
- shaving cutter grinding machine
- shear machine
- shearing machine
- shear-speed machine
- sheet and plate bending machine
- sheet bending machine
- sheet metal bending machine
- sheet metal cutting machine
- sheet metal folding machine
- sheet metal leveling machine
- sheet metal shearing machine
- sheet metal stamping machine
- sheet metal working machine
- sheet straightening and polishing machine
- sheet working machine
- sheet-leveling machine
- sheet-straightening machine
- shell core blowing machine
- shell molding machine
- ship propeller milling machine
- shock-and-vibration machine
- shockless jolting machine
- shopfloor machine
- shopworn machine
- show machine
- shredding machine for wood wool production
- shredding machine
- side hole drilling machine
- side-milling machine
- side-planing machine
- sieving machine
- simple-to-operate automatic machine
- simple-to-operate machine
- simplex milling machine
- simplex multiple-spindle machine
- simulation machine
- simultaneous 5-axis machine
- single wheel lapping machine
- single-address machine
- single-axis machine
- single-blade sawing machine
- single-end boring machine
- single-end centering and end-facing machine
- single-end machine
- single-end tenoning machine
- single-ended boring machine
- single-ended machine
- single-function machine
- single-gantry machine
- single-head machine
- single-hitb machine
- single-operation transfer machine
- single-piece machine
- single-point cutting-off machine
- single-position metal forming machine
- single-purpose machine
- single-shift machine
- single-shifted machine
- single-slide bed-type machine
- single-spindle machine
- single-station machine
- single-task machine
- single-upright machine
- singlex machine
- sinking machine
- six-axis NC machine
- sizing machine
- skin-milling machine
- skiving machine
- slabbing machine
- slab-milling machine
- slant-carriage machine
- slant-slide machine
- slave machine
- slicing machine
- slideway-grinding machine
- sliding bush machine
- sliding head machine
- sliding head milling machine
- sliding head/fixed spindle machine
- sliding headstock bar machine
- sliding headstock machine
- slinger molding machine
- slitting machine
- slot and keyway milling machine
- slot-drilling machine
- slot-milling machine
- slotting machine
- small capacity machine
- small-chuck machine
- small-envelope machine
- small-footprint machine
- small-parts machine
- smooth planing machine
- snagging grinding machine
- soft bearing balancing machine
- software-controlled machine
- software-oriented machine
- soldering machine
- solid bed-type milling machine
- sorting machine
- spar milling machine
- spark erosion machine
- spark machine
- special design machine
- special unit machine
- special way-type machine
- specialist machine
- specialized machine
- special-purpose machine
- specialty machine
- speed reduction machine
- spherical grinding machine
- spindle turning machine
- spinning machine
- spiral drive planing machine
- spline cold rolling machine
- spline shaft grinding machine
- spline shaft hobbing machine
- spline-broaching machine
- spline-grinding machine
- spline-hobbing machine
- spline-milling machine
- splining machine
- spring end grinding machine
- spring forming machine
- spring manufacturing machine
- spring testing machine
- spring-coiling machine
- spring-making machine
- spring-winding machine
- spur-and-helical grinding machine
- square milling machine
- squeeze core-making machine
- squeeze molding machine
- squeezing machine
- squirrel cage balancing machine
- SR machine
- stack-routing machine
- stamping machine
- standalone machine
- standard configuration machine
- standard design machine
- standard machine
- standard-unit-type machine
- static balancing machine
- station-type machine
- storage retrieval machine
- straight line milling machine
- straightening machine
- strength testing machine
- stress-relieving machine
- stress-rupture testing machine
- stretch straightening machine
- strip leveling machine
- stud thread rolling machine
- studding machine
- subspindle turning machine
- subspindle-equipped turning machine
- subspindle-type machine
- super-accurate machine
- supercharged laser cutting machine
- superfinishing machine for centerless plunge-cut
- superfinishing machine for centerless throughfeed
- superfinishing machine
- surface and profile grinding machine
- surface-broaching machine
- surface-grinding machine with long table
- surface-grinding machine with two columns
- surface-grinding machine
- surface-milling machine
- surface-treatment machine
- swage machine
- swaging machine
- swing frame grinding machine
- Swiss bar machine
- Swiss screw machine
- Swiss sliding headstock machine
- Swiss-style sliding-headstock machine
- Swiss-style sliding-headstock-type machine
- Swiss-type cam automatic screw machine
- Swiss-type machine
- Swiss-type movable headstock automatic screw machine
- Swiss-type stationary headstock automatic screw machine
- swivel head milling machine
- swivel head slotting machine
- synchronous transfer machine
- synchronous-feed machine
- system machine
- system-ready machine
- systems-compatible machine
- tabletop machine
- table-type machine
- table-uo broaching machine
- tabulating machine
- tailored machine
- tandem table machine
- tap flute milling machine
- tap fluting machine
- tap-drill machine
- tape finishing machine
- tape machine
- tape preparation machine
- tape-controlled machine
- tape-handling machine
- taper strip milling machine
- tap-grinding machine
- tapping machine
- tap-sharpening machine
- targeted machine
- teaching machine
- TEM machine
- template-controlled machine
- tenoning machine
- tensile strength testing machine
- tensile testing machine
- tension testing machine
- test machine
- test sieving machine
- testing machine
- texturing machine
- thermal cutting machine
- thermal deburrting machine
- thermally symmetric machine
- thermally symmetrical machine
- thermoelectric machine
- thread chaser grinding machine
- thread-cutting machine
- threaded wheel grinding machine
- thread-generating machine
- thread-grinding machine
- threading machine
- thread-milling machine
- thread-producing machine
- thread-rolling machine with roller and segmented die
- thread-rolling machine
- thread-tapping machine
- thread-turning machine
- thread-whirling machine
- three-axis checking machine
- three-axis digital read-out inspection machine
- three-axis NC machine
- three-axis-controlled machine
- three-dimensional forming machine
- three-dimensional NC machine
- three-dimensional profiling machine
- three-roll bending machine
- three-roll forming machine
- three-roll sheet bending machine
- three-shift machine
- three-shifted machine
- three-way machine
- tiering machine
- tilt frame machine
- tilting body slotting machine
- tilting column machine
- tilting spindle grinding machine
- tilting spindle machine
- time-tested machine
- TL machine
- TNC-milling machine
- tool and diemaker's milling machine
- tool changer machine
- tool presetting and inspection machine
- tool presetting machine
- tool-and-cutter grinding machine
- tool-grinding machine
- toolroom machine
- toolroom-milling machine
- tool-setting machine
- tooth generating machine
- tooth rounding-and-chamfering machine
- top-of-the-line machine
- torsion testing machine
- totally automated machine
- totally enclosed machine
- touch-trigger machine
- T-planer type machine
- tracer controlled machine
- tracer milling machine
- tracer-controlled electrical discharge profiling machine
- tracer-controlled milling machine
- tracer-guided machine
- tracer-guided milling machine
- tracing machine
- transfer-line-ready machine
- transfer-segmented machine
- transfer-type machine
- transport machine
- transverse planing machine
- traveling bar-type boring machine
- traveling bridge-type plano-milling machine
- traveling column machine
- traveling column-type machine
- traveling gantry machine
- traveling head shaping machine
- traveling portal milling machine
- traveling table machine
- traveling table-type machine
- traveling wire electrical discharge machine
- traveling-head boring machine
- traveling-head surface grinding machine
- traverse grinding machine
- traversing head shaping machine
- trimming machine
- trip dog-controlled machine
- triplex milling machine
- trunnion machine
- trunnion-style machine
- trunnion-type machine
- T-slot milling machine
- tube cutoff machine
- tube grinding-and-polishing machine
- tube-bending machine
- tube-boring machine
- tube-chamfering machine
- tube-drawing machine
- tube-enlarging machine
- tube-forming machine
- tube-sawing machine
- tube-straightening machine
- tube-welding machine
- tumbling machine
- turbine shot-blasting machine
- turbine slot milling machine
- turn/mill machine
- turn, bore and cut-off machine
- turn-broaching machine
- turning machine
- turning, milling and boring machine
- turning-and-boring machine
- turn-mill machine
- turn-peeling machine
- turret hole punching machine
- turret machine
- turret press machine
- turret ram milling machine
- turret screw machine
- turret-chucking machine
- turret-drilling machine
- turret-milling machine
- turret-punching machine
- turret-type drilling machine
- twin pallet machine
- twin screw knee-type machine
- twin six-station turret machine
- twin-head machine
- twin-head shaping machine
- twin-opposed spindle turning machine
- twin-overarm milling machine
- twin-spindle machine
- twin-turret machine
- twist drill flute grinding machine
- twist drill fluting machine
- twist drill grinding machine
- twist drill milling machine
- twist drill point grinding machine
- twist test machine
- two-address machine
- two-axis NC machine
- two-axis-controlled machine
- two-dimensional engraving machine
- two-plane balancing machine
- two-roll sheet bending machine
- two-shift machine
- two-shifted machine
- two-tool machine
- two-way broaching machine
- two-way drilling machine
- two-way machine
- tybe-reducing machine
- typical machine
- ultra precision machine
- ultra-high precision machine
- ultra-high speed machine
- ultrasonic cleaning and degreasing machine
- ultrasonic cleaning machine
- ultrasonic copy-piercing machine
- ultrasonic drilling machine
- ultrasonic hole-contouring machine
- undedicated machine
- underdesigned machine
- underutilized machine
- unit construction machine
- unit-built machine
- unit-changeable machine
- unit-type machine
- universal boring machine
- universal cutter and tool grinding machine
- universal head milling machine
- universal horizontal milling machine
- universal knee-type milling machine
- universal milling machine
- universal rotaty table grinding machine
- universal table grinding machine
- universal testing machine
- universal tool and die milling machine
- universal tool milling and boring machine
- universal toolroom milling machine
- universal-spindle machine
- unmanned machine
- unmanned measuring machine
- unmanned turning machine
- upgradable machine
- uprated machine
- upright boring machine
- upright drilling machine
- upright drilling-and-boring machine
- upsetting machine
- used machine
- user-friendly machine
- utrasonic lapping machine
- valve seat lapping machine
- valve seat milling machine
- vehicle-mounted machine
- vending machine
- veneer slicing machine
- versatile machine
- vertical arm measuring machine
- vertical band machine
- vertical band-saw machine
- vertical band-sawing machine
- vertical bed machine
- vertical boring machine
- vertical broaching machine
- vertical chucking machine
- vertical double-ram broaching machine
- vertical double-slide broaching machine
- vertical drilling machine
- vertical machine
- vertical milling machine
- vertical planing machine
- vertical plano-milling machine
- vertical pull-up broaching machine
- vertical push-broaching machine
- vertical ram machine
- vertical slotting machine
- vertical spindle surface-grinding machine
- vertical turning machine
- vertical turning-and-boring machine
- vertical/horizontal machine
- vertically oriented drilling machine
- vertical-type machine
- vibration fatigue testing machine
- vibration machine
- vibratory finishing machine
- vibrofinishing machine
- Vickers hardness machine
- Vickers pyramid hardness machine
- vision-controlled machine
- volume production machine
- walking machine
- wall machine
- washing drying machine
- washing machine
- watch-case making machine
- watch-gear hobbing machine
- watch-gear making machine
- water jet cutting machine
- water-jet machine
- way-type machine
- way-type unit head machine
- weathering machine
- weighing machine
- welding machine
- well-developed machine
- wet-cutting machine
- wet-grinding machine
- wheel turning machine
- whirling machine
- wide belt sending machine
- wire bonding machine
- wire brush deburring machine
- wire coiling and winding machine
- wire cutting-off machine
- wire drawing machine
- wire EDM machine
- wire erosion machine
- wire netting and weaving machine
- wire-cut EDM machine
- wire-cut electrical discharge machine
- wire-cut machine
- wire-cutting machine
- wire-cutting spark erosion machine
- wire-eroding machine
- wire-forming machine
- wire-making machine
- wire-polishing machine
- wire-straightening machine
- woodsawing machine
- woodworking machine
- workpiece moving-type machine
- worm grinding machine
- worm milling machine
- wrist-pin boring machine
- xerox machine
- X-ray machineEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > machine
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50 screening
screen·ing [ʼskri:nɪŋ] nthe series has had repeated \screenings die Serie ist mehrmals wiederholt worden4) med ( examination) Untersuchung f; ( X-ray) Röntgenuntersuchung f, Röntgen nt kein pl, Durchleuchtung f -
51 History of volleyball
________________________________________William G. Morgan (1870-1942) inventor of the game of volleyball________________________________________William G. Morgan (1870-1942), who was born in the State of New York, has gone down in history as the inventor of the game of volleyball, to which he originally gave the name "Mintonette".The young Morgan carried out his undergraduate studies at the Springfield College of the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) where he met James Naismith who, in 1891, had invented basketball. After graduating, Morgan spent his first year at the Auburn (Maine) YMCA after which, during the summer of 1896, he moved to the YMCA at Holyoke (Massachusetts) where he became Director of Physical Education. In this role he had the opportunity to establish, develop, and direct a vast programme of exercises and sports classes for male adults.His leadership was enthusiastically accepted, and his classes grew in numbers. He came to realise that he needed a certain type of competitive recreational game in order to vary his programme. Basketball, which sport was beginning to develop, seemed to suit young people, but it was necessary to find a less violent and less intense alternative for the older members.________________________________________________________________________________In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!The sport originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports.Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week.In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average man's head.During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps "volleyball" would be a more descriptive name for the sport.On July 7, 1896 at Springfield College the first game of "volleyball" was played.In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.1900 - YMCA spread volleyball to Canada, the Orient, and the Southern Hemisphere.1905 - YMCA spread volleyball to Cuba1907 Volleyball was presented at the Playground of America convention as one of the most popular sports1909 - YMCA spread volleyball to Puerto Rico1912 - YMCA spread volleyball to Uruguay1913 - Volleyball competition held in Far Eastern Games1917 - YMCA spread volleyball to BrazilIn 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another player (the set and spike) were introduced. The Filipinos developed the "bomba" or kill, and called the hitter a "bomberino".1916 - The NCAA was invited by the YMCA to aid in editing the rules and in promoting the sport. Volleyball was added to school and college physical education and intramural programs.In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.1919 American Expeditionary Forces distributed 16,000 volleyballs to it's troops and allies. This provided a stimulus for the growth of volleyball in foreign lands.In 1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.In 1922, the first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. 27 teams from 11 states were represented.In 1928, it became clear that tournaments and rules were needed, the United States Volleyball Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S. Open was staged, as the field was open to non-YMCA squads.1930's Recreational sports programs became an important part of American lifeIn 1930, the first two-man beach game was played.In 1934, the approval and recognition of national volleyball referees.In 1937, at the AAU convention in Boston, action was taken to recognize the U.S. Volleyball Association as the official national governing body in the U.S.Late 1940s Forearm pass introduced to the game (as a desperation play) Most balls played with overhand pass1946 A study of recreation in the United States showed that volleyball ranked fifth among team sports being promoted and organizedIn 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded in Paris.In 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held.In 1949, the first World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.1949 USVBA added a collegiate division, for competitive college teams. For the first ten years collegiate competition was sparse. Teams formed only through the efforts of interested students and instructors. Many teams dissolved when the interested individuals left the college. Competitive teams were scattered, with no collegiate governing bodies providing leadership in the sport.1951 - Volleyball was played by over 50 million people each year in over 60 countries1955 - Pan American Games included volleyball1957 - The International Olympic Committee (IOC) designated volleyball as an Olympic team sport, to be included in the 1964 Olympic Games.1959 - International University Sports Federation (FISU) held the first University Games in Turin, Italy. Volleyball was one of the eight competitions held.1960 Seven midwestern institutions formed the Midwest Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (MIVA)1964Southern California Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (SCVIA) was formed in California1960's new techniques added to the game included - the soft spike (dink), forearm pass (bump), blocking across the net, and defensive diving and rolling.In 1964, Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.The Japanese volleyball used in the 1964 Olympics, consisted of a rubber carcass with leather panelling. A similarly constructed ball is used in most modern competition.In 1965, the California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.1968 National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) made volleyball their fifteenth competitive sport.1969 The Executive Committee of the NCAA proposed addition of volleyball to its program.In 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.In 1975, the US National Women's team began a year-round training regime in Pasadena, Texas (moved to Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, CA in 1980, and San Diego, CA in 1985).In 1977, the US National Men's team began a year-round training regime in Dayton, Ohio (moved to San Diego, CA in 1981).In 1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.In 1984, the US won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The Men won the Gold, and the Women the Silver.In 1986, the Women's Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.In 1987, the FIVB added a Beach Volleyball World Championship Series.In 1988, the US Men repeated the Gold in the Olympics in Korea.In 1989, the FIVB Sports Aid Program was created.In 1990, the World League was created.In 1992, the Four Person Pro Beach League was started in the United States.In 1994, Volleyball World Wide, created.In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!In 1996, 2-person beach volleyball was added to the OlympicsThere is a good book, "Volleyball Centennial: The First 100 Years", available on the history of the sport.________________________________________Copyright (c)Volleyball World WideVolleyball World Wide on the Computer Internet/WWWhttp://www.Volleyball.ORG/ -
52 call
1) вызов•- alternating current call
- attendant assistant call
- authorized call
- auto service call
- automatic roll call
- automatic transferred charge call
- barred call
- blocked call
- booked call
- cabin-attendant call
- canceled call
- circular call
- collective call
- curtained call
- cutoff call
- dialed call
- direct current call
- disabled call
- discriminating call
- distress call
- emergency call
- expanded-group call
- extended line voice call
- fire call
- first call
- fixed-time call
- group call
- ill-intentioned call
- incoming call
- inductor call
- inside call
- international call
- interrupt call
- junctor call
- local call
- long-distance call
- lost call
- many-to-many call
- master-to-master call
- missed call
- netting call
- noniteractive call
- nonpreferred call
- notified call
- number-identified call
- operator voice call
- outgoing call
- own exchange call
- paging call
- periodic-service call
- phonic call
- pocketed call
- precedence call
- preliminary calls
- preventive-maintenance call
- probing call
- qualified call
- query call
- radio call
- radiotelephone distress call
- repeated call
- reverting call
- second call
- selective call
- series call
- station-to-station call
- subscriber call
- subscriber's call
- subscriber-to-master call
- subscriber-to-master-to-subscriber call
- supervisor call
- system call
- through call
- toll call
- toll-free call
- touch-tone call
- unsuccessful call
- untimed call
- urgent call
- vibro call
- virtual call
- waiting callEnglish-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > call
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53 a dry run
разг.1) репетицияA comedy series... needs the whole benefit of dry runs. (‘The Spectator’, Suppl) — При постановке многосерийной кинокомедии... репетиция следует за репетицией.
2) испытание, проверка [первонач. амер.]There is long, hard planning, endless training, repeated dry runs... behind undertaking of this magnitude. (‘Air News Yearbook’, Suppl) — Мероприятие такого масштаба требует... тщательного, глубокого продумывания, бесконечных тренировок, многократных испытаний.
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54 deinde
dĕindĕ, and abbrev. dein (cf. Prisc. p. 1008 P., and exin, proin —in both forms ei is monosyl. in the class. poets;I.as dissyl.,
Prud. Cath. 10, 100; id. Ditt. 1, 1), adv. [de-inde], thereafter, thereupon (for syn. cf.: dein, exinde, inde, deinceps, post, postea, porro).—In place (rare), from there, from that place:B.via interest perangusta, deinde paulo latior patescit campus,
Liv. 22, 4.—Transf. in (local) succession, thereafter, next (cf. dehinc, no. I. B.):II.auxiliares Galli Germanique in fronte, post quos pedites sagittarii, dein quatuor legiones, exin totidem aliae legiones, etc.,
next, Tac. A. 2, 16:juxta Hermanduros Narisci, ac deinde Marcomanni,
id. G. 42:haec quidem duo binis pedibus incisim: dein membratim, etc.,
Cic. Or. 63, 213; cf. id. N. D. 2, 42 fin.:Baliares locat ante signa... dein graviorem armis peditem,
Liv. 21, 55, 2.—In time.A.Thereafter, afterwards, then (common in all periods and styles):b.hostes contra legiones suas instruunt. Deinde utrique imperatores in medium exeunt,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 68:accepit conditionem, dein quaestum occipit,
Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 52:complures ex iis occiderunt: deinde se in castra receperunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 35 fin.:dein Tubero, Nescio (inquit) Africane,
Cic. Rep. 1, 10: incipe, Damoeta;tu deinde sequēre, Menalca. Alternis dicetis,
Verg. E. 3, 58;unguibus et pugnis, dein fustibus, atque ita porro Pugnabant armis,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 101:in Aequis nihil deinde memorabile actum,
Liv. 3, 3.—Freq. after primum, principio, prius, inde, postea, postremo, etc.:c.Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium ex conspectu remotis equis, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25; cf. id. ib. 3, 20 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 74; 3, 108 et saep.:principio duplicavit illum pristinum patrum numerum, deinde, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 2, 20:plebs montem sacrum prius, deinde Aventinum occupavit,
id. ib. 2, 33; cf. ib. 2, 37:hunc secutus est Cursor. deinde L. Maso aedilicius: inde multi Masones...: deinde Carbones et Turdi insequuntur,
id. Fam. 9, 21 med.:jubent venire agros Attalensium...: deinde agros in Macedonia regios...: deinde agrum optimum et fructuosissimum Corinthium...: post autem agros in Hispania... tum vero ipsam veterem Carthaginem vendunt,
id. Agr. 1, 2, 5:quippe oppidana lascivia invicem incessente probra, deinde saxa, postremo ferrum sumpsere,
Tac. A. 14, 17 et saep.; so,corresp. with in praesentia,
Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 26.—Connected with tum, tunc, postea, porro, postremo, etc.:d.primum ea quae sumus acturi cogitare debemus, deinde tum dicere ac facere,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 42 Müll.; so,deinde tum,
Quint. 4, 2, 27:deinde tunc,
Sen. Ep. 74, 23:tum deinde,
Liv. 2, 8:tunc deinde,
Val. Fl. 8, 109: servos Milonis sibi confessos esse de interficiendo Cn. Pompeio conjurasse;deinde postea se gladio percussum esse, etc.,
Cic. Mil. 24, 65; so,deinde postea,
id. Inv. 1, 28, 43: id. Tusc. 4, 1, 2: Liv. 41, 24; Cels. 3, 4; 5, 28 al.:postea deinde,
id. 7, 8; Val. Max. 9, 1 ext. 5; cf.also deinde eam postea supprimat,
Cic. Clu. 26, 71:post deinde,
Ter. Andr. 3, 2, 3; Cic. Att. 2, 23:deinde post,
Nep. Eum, 5, 5; Vell. 2, 23, 3:deinde porro,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 103; id. Epid. 5, 2, 61:mox deinde,
Tib. 1, 5, 73:deinde postremo,
Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 43; cf.:deinde ad extremum,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 28; id. Pis. 31 fin.:deinde deinceps,
id. Div. 1, 30, 64 (dub.); id, Leg. 3, 2, 4; Liv. 2, 47.—Strengthened by cum, postquam, posteaquam, ubi, etc.:B.dein (deinde) cum,
Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18:deinde cum,
as soon as, Liv. 3, 47; cf.:dein cum,
Plin. 19, 8, 51, § 166:deinde (dein) postquam,
Liv. 3, 66; 6, 13; 7, 37 et saep.:deinde posteaquam,
Cels. 7 praef.:deinde (dein) ubi,
Sall. J. 68, 69; id. C. 45 fin.; Liv. 7, 14. —Of future time, hereafter, from this time forward (rare):III.tu velim cures ut sciam, quibus nos dare oporteat eas, quas ad te deinde litteras mittemus,
Cic. ad Q. Frat. 3, 8, 2; cf. id. de Or. 2, 280;experiamini quidquid deinde fors tulerit,
Curt. 5, 25, 17. —In an enumeration or succession of facts or arguments, afterwards, next in order, then:B.ut a prima congressione maris et feminae, deinde a progenie et cognatione ordiar, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 24, 48:te ad coenas itare desisse moleste fero... Deinde etiam vereor... ne, etc.,
id. Fam. 9, 24, 2; id. de Or. 2, 11, 45 sq. et saep.—Esp. freq. following primum (primus), followed by postremo al.:C.quod in homine multo est evidentius, primum ex ea caritate, quae, etc., deinde, etc.,
Cic. Lael. 8, 27; 18, 65; 20, 73; id. Rep. 1, 13; 1, 17 et passim; cf.deinde, several times repeated,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 45; id. Inv. 1, 28, 43; id. Or. 54, 108 al.:primum with deinde eight times, and finally postremo,
id. Inv. 2, 49, 145:deinde... tum... post, etc.,
Cels. 2, 18; 3, 7 et saep.:deinde... deinde... postremo...,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 49: excellente tum Crasso et Antonio, deinde ( next in the order of excellence, not of time) Philippo, post Julio, id. Brut. 88, 301:deinde... tum... postremo,
Quint. 3, 9, 6 sq.:prima nobilitas Cilicio... dein Lyciae Olympo, mox Centuripino, etc.,
Plin. 21, 6, 17, § 31;so after optimus,
Plin. 25, 11, 87, § 136; 37, 9, 38, § 119;after laudatissimus,
id. 21, 18, 69, § 115; cf. id. 21, 21, 92, § 160:femur promovetur saepissime in interiorem: deinde in exteriorem: raro admodum in priorem aut posteriorem,
Cels. 8, 20.—So, in a climax, emphasizing the last of a series:suis artibus, fraude, deinde insidiis est prope circumventus,
at length, in fine, Liv. 21, 34; id. 21, 41; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 238 -249. -
55 whole
1. n целоеnature is a whole — природа — это единое целое
the whole of — всё, все
taught by the whole — обучил в целом; обученный в целом
2. a целый; полныйupon the whole — в целом; в общем
3. a весь, целыйthe whole world — весь мир, целый свет
a whole lot — уйма, масса
4. a невредимыйto escape with a whole skin — уцелеть, спасти свою шкуру
5. a цельный; целый6. a родной7. a горн. нетронутыйout of whole cloth — являющийся чистейшей выдумкой; фиктивный, ложный
Синонимический ряд:1. entire (adj.) all; choate; complete; entire; flawless; full; good; gross; intact; integral; outright; perfect; round; solid; total; unblemished; unbroken; undamaged; undiminished; unhurt; unimpaired; uninjured; unmarred; untouched2. fixed (adj.) concentrated; exclusive; fixed; intensive; undistracted; undivided; unswerving3. healthy (adj.) fit; hale; healthy; hearty; right; sane; sound; well; well-conditioned; well-liking; wholesome4. all (noun) aggregate; all; be-all and end-all; entirety; entity; gross; integral; integrate; sum; sum total; system; tale; total; totalityАнтонимический ряд:broken; diseased; part; partial; reduced; short; sick; unsound -
56 обращение
1. с. rotation; revolution2. с. circulation3. с. addressing, application, reference4. с. transformation, conversion5. с. handling6. с. access to, reference toобращение к массиву обеспечивается ключевыми словами — access to the file is available through key words
обращение к памяти осуществляется через … — the memory is accessed through …
адрес ячейки памяти допускает многократное обращение к ней — the address of a storage location permits repeated reference to the same cell
Синонимический ряд:1. воззвание (сущ.) воззвание; призыв2. вращение (сущ.) верчение; вращение; кружение3. превращение (сущ.) превращение -
57 величина
value, quantity, amount
- (скалярная) — magnitude
the vector is opposed to a scalar which has magnitude only.
-, абсолютная — absolute value
- безопасная — safe value
pressure exceeds maximum safe value.
-, безразмерная — dimensionless value
- в (кг) — value in (kg)
- вектора — magnitude of vector
-, выраженная в (кг) — value expressed in (kg)
-, выраженная в виде (приборной скорости) — value stated in terms of (ias)
-, выходящая за установленные пределы — abnormal value
- д (взлетная дистанция и дистанция прерванного взлета в зависимости от относительной скорости принятия решения для заданных условий) — "d", value of d, distance d fig. gives a distance d and the associated v1/vr ratio for the given conditions of take-off and accelerate-stop distances available.
- больше (или меньше) чем (др. величина) — a value more (or less) than that of (other value)
-, дискретная — discrete value sampling circuit output is a series of discrete values.
-, заданная (данная) — given value
-, заданная (потребная) — desired value compare the required condition (desired value) with the actual condition.
-, замеренная — measured value
- звезды — stellar magnitude the minimum stellar magnitude that the telescope must detect.
-, измеряемая — measurand value of the measurand is expressed in terms...
-, максимально-допустимая безопасная — maximum safe value
- наибольшая (из двух) — value greater (of two values)
-, наибольшая (из нескольких) — the greatest value (in size, amount, degree, importance, etc.)
-, наибольшая (о весе, скорости — the highest value (of weight, speed)
- наименьшая (из двух) — value smaller /lesser/ (of two values) whichever is the smaller (lesser) of these two weights will be the maximum т.о. weight.
-, наименьшая (из нескольких) — the smallest value (in size, amount, degree, importance, etc.)
-, наименьшая (о весе, скорости) — the lowest value (of weight, speed)
-, номинальная — nominal value
-, ориентировочная — approximate value
- отклонения руля (рв, рн, эл) — amount of control surface (of el, rud, ail)
-, переменная — variable magnitude
конструкция выдерживает повторные нагрузки переменной величины. — the structure supports repeated loads of vairable magnitude.
- повреждения — extent of damage
-, постоянная — constant value
-, предельная — limit value
-, приближенная — approximate value
- приборной скорости (v1) — ias value (of v1)
-, приведенная к мса — value based upon /given in/ isa
-, принятая за начало отсчета — zero reference datum
-p — "r", value of r, distance r
длина разбега и дистанции прерванного взлета в зависимости от относительной скорости принятия решения для заданных условий. — fig. gives a distance r and the assosiated v1/vr ratio for the given conditions of take-off run and acceleratestop distance available.
-, угловая — angular value /displacement, information/
-, угловая (подаваемая на индикацию в память и т.п.) — angular information (supplied to be displayed, stored, etc.)
- ухода гироскопа — gyro drift amount
в пределах (ё5о) от фактической величины — within (ё5о) of the true value
подавать угловую в. (сигнал угловой величины) на сельсин — supply /transmit/ angular information to synchro
вводить поправку в в. — introduce the correction into the value
вводить поправку на в. — introduce the correction for the value
вносить поправку в в. — apply the correction to the value
выдерживать (параметр) на в. достигать в. — maintain (parameter) to... reach a value of...
определять в. повреждения — determine the extent of damage
определять в. по показаниям прибора — determine value by the instrument readingРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > величина
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58 Delphi technique
Gen Mgta qualitative forecasting method in which a panel of experts respond individually to a questionnaire or series of questionnaires, before reaching a consensus. The Delphi technique requires individual submission of, and response to, the questionnaire on the topic under investigation, in order to avoid the effect of a dominant personality influencing a group discussion. A summary of the written replies is then distributed so that responses can be revised in the light of the views expressed. This cycle is repeated until the coordinator of the group is satisfied that the best possible consensus has been reached. The Delphi technique was developed at the Rand Corporation during the late 1940s and 1950s and owes its name to the Greek oracle at Delphi, which was believed to make predictions about the future. -
59 Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 31 December 1888 Thizy, Rhône, Franced. 15 August 1960 Fontenoy-aux-Roses, France[br]French metallurgist, inventor of the alloys Elinvar and Platinite and of the method of strengthening nickel-chromium alloys by a precipitate ofNi3Al which provided the basis of all later super-alloy development.[br]Soon after graduating from the Ecole des Mines at St-Etienne in 1910, Chevenard joined the Société de Commentry Fourchambault et Decazeville at their steelworks at Imphy, where he remained for the whole of his career. Imphy had for some years specialized in the production of nickel steels. From this venture emerged the first austenitic nickel-chromium steel, containing 6 per cent chromium and 22–4 per cent nickel and produced commercially in 1895. Most of the alloys required by Guillaume in his search for the low-expansion alloy Invar were made at Imphy. At the Imphy Research Laboratory, established in 1911, Chevenard conducted research into the development of specialized nickel-based alloys. His first success followed from an observation that some of the ferro-nickels were free from the low-temperature brittleness exhibited by conventional steels. To satisfy the technical requirements of Georges Claude, the French cryogenic pioneer, Chevenard was then able in 1912 to develop an alloy containing 55–60 per cent nickel, 1–3 per cent manganese and 0.2–0.4 per cent carbon. This was ductile down to −190°C, at which temperature carbon steel was very brittle.By 1916 Elinvar, a nickel-iron-chromium alloy with an elastic modulus that did not vary appreciably with changes in ambient temperature, had been identified. This found extensive use in horology and instrument manufacture, and even for the production of high-quality tuning forks. Another very popular alloy was Platinite, which had the same coefficient of thermal expansion as platinum and soda glass. It was used in considerable quantities by incandescent-lamp manufacturers for lead-in wires. Other materials developed by Chevenard at this stage to satisfy the requirements of the electrical industry included resistance alloys, base-metal thermocouple combinations, magnetically soft high-permeability alloys, and nickel-aluminium permanent magnet steels of very high coercivity which greatly improved the power and reliability of car magnetos. Thermostatic bimetals of all varieties soon became an important branch of manufacture at Imphy.During the remainder of his career at Imphy, Chevenard brilliantly elaborated the work on nickel-chromium-tungsten alloys to make stronger pressure vessels for the Haber and other chemical processes. Another famous alloy that he developed, ATV, contained 35 per cent nickel and 11 per cent chromium and was free from the problem of stress-induced cracking in steam that had hitherto inhibited the development of high-power steam turbines. Between 1912 and 1917, Chevenard recognized the harmful effects of traces of carbon on this type of alloy, and in the immediate postwar years he found efficient methods of scavenging the residual carbon by controlled additions of reactive metals. This led to the development of a range of stabilized austenitic stainless steels which were free from the problems of intercrystalline corrosion and weld decay that then caused so much difficulty to the manufacturers of chemical plant.Chevenard soon concluded that only the nickel-chromium system could provide a satisfactory basis for the subsequent development of high-temperature alloys. The first published reference to the strengthening of such materials by additions of aluminium and/or titanium occurs in his UK patent of 1929. This strengthening approach was adopted in the later wartime development in Britain of the Nimonic series of alloys, all of which depended for their high-temperature strength upon the precipitated compound Ni3Al.In 1936 he was studying the effect of what is now known as "thermal fatigue", which contributes to the eventual failure of both gas and steam turbines. He then published details of equipment for assessing the susceptibility of nickel-chromium alloys to this type of breakdown by a process of repeated quenching. Around this time he began to make systematic use of the thermo-gravimetrie balance for high-temperature oxidation studies.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Société de Physique. Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.Bibliography1929, Analyse dilatométrique des matériaux, with a preface be C.E.Guillaume, Paris: Dunod (still regarded as the definitive work on this subject).The Dictionary of Scientific Biography lists around thirty of his more important publications between 1914 and 1943.Further Reading"Chevenard, a great French metallurgist", 1960, Acier Fins (Spec.) 36:92–100.L.Valluz, 1961, "Notice sur les travaux de Pierre Chevenard, 1888–1960", Paris: Institut de France, Académie des Sciences.ASDBiographical history of technology > Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
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60 Wöhler, August
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 22 June 1819 Soltau, Germanyd. 21 June 1914 Hannover, Germany[br]German railway engineer who first established the fatigue fracture of metals.[br]Wöhler, the son of a schoolteacher, was born at Soltau on the Luneburg Heath and received his early education at his father's school, where his mathematical abilities soon became apparent. He completed his studies at the Technical High School, Hannover.In 1840 he obtained a position at the Borsig Engineering Works in Berlin and acquired there much valuable experience in railway technology. He trained as an engine driver in Belgium and in 1843 was appointed as an engineer to the first Hannoverian Railway, then being constructed between Hannover and Lehrte. In 1847 he became Chief Superintendent of rolling stock on the Lower Silesian-Brandenhurg Railway, where his technical abilities influenced the Prussian Minister of Commerce to appoint him to a commission set up to investigate the reasons for the unusually high incidence of axle failures then being encountered on the railways. This was in 1852, and by 1854, when the Brandenburg line had been nationalized, Wöhler had already embarked on the long, systematic programme of mechanical testing which eventually provided him with a clear insight into the process of what is now referred to as "fatigue failure". He concentrated initially on the behaviour of machined iron and steel specimens subjected to fluctuating direct, bending and torsional stresses that were imposed by testing machines of his own design.Although Wöhler was not the first investigator in this area, he was the first to recognize the state of "fatigue" induced in metals by the repeated application of cycles of stress at levels well below those that would cause immediate failure. His method of plotting the fatigue stress amplitude "S" against the number of stress cycles necessary to cause failure "N" yielded the well-known S-N curve which described very precisely the susceptibility to fatigue failure of the material concerned. Engineers were thus provided with an invaluable testing technique that is still widely used in the 1990s.Between 1851 and 1898 Wöhler published forty-two papers in German technical journals, although the importance of his work was not initially fully appreciated in other countries. A display of some of his fracture fatigue specimens at the Paris Exposition in 1867, however, stimulated a short review of his work in Engineering in London. Four years later, in 1871, Engineering published a series of nine articles which described Wöhler's findings in considerable detail and brought them to the attention of engineers. Wöhler became a member of the newly created management board of the Imperial German Railways in 1874, an appointment that he retained until 1889. He is also remembered for his derivation in 1855 of a formula for calculating the deflections under load of lattice girders, plate girders, and other continuous beams resting on more than two supports. This "Three Moments" theorem appeared two years before Clapeyron independently advanced the same expression. Wöhler's other major contribution to bridge design was to use rollers at one end to allow for thermal expansion and contraction.[br]Bibliography1855, "Theorie rechteckiger eiserner Brückenbalken", Zeitschrift für Bauwesen 5:122–66. 1870, "Über die Festigkeitversuche mit Eisen und Stahl", Zeitschrift für Bauwesen 20:73– 106.Wöhler's experiments on the fatigue of metals were reported in Engineering (1867) 2:160; (1871) 11:199–200, 222, 243–4, 261, 299–300, 326–7, 349–50, 397, 439–41.Further ReadingR.Blaum, 1918, "August Wöhler", Beiträge zur Geschichte der Technik und Industrie 8:35–55.——1925, "August Wöhler", Deutsches biographisches Jahrbuch, Vol. I, Stuttgart, pp. 103–7.K.Pearson, 1890, "On Wöhler's experiments on alternating stress", Messeng. Math.20:21–37.J.Gilchrist, 1900, "On Wöhler's Laws", Engineer 90:203–4.ASD
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