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1 פרצה
פִּרְצָה, פִּירְ׳f. (פָּרַץ) 1) breach, opening. B. Bath.53a פרץ פ׳וכ׳ if he widened the opening in the fence to go in and out by it. Succ.26a פ׳ קוראה לגנב a breach (occasion) invites the thief. Tanḥ. Vayishl. 5 אין ניתנין פ׳ לפני הכשרוכ׳ we must not leave an opening (offer a temptation) to an honest man, how much less to a thief. Y.Gitt.III, 45a היתה שם פ׳ אחתוכ׳ if there was a single gap (for the besieged to escape), it saves all (justifies the presumption that they are alive). Peah VII, 1 בצד פ׳ (Y. ed. הפרוצה) by the gap (entrance) in the fence; a. fr.Trnsf. inroad, calamity. Tanḥ. Bal. 13 יש פ׳ גדולה מזו is there a greater calamity than this (the death of Moses)? Yalk. Ps. 888 (ref. to פרץ, Ps. 144:14) פ׳ של פורענות the calamity of divine visitation (pestilence, with ref. to Ps. 106:29 ותפיץ); פ׳ של גלות the calamity of exile; Ruth R. introd. פ׳ של מגפה; פֶּרֶץ של גלות. Lev. R. s. 34, end (ref. to Is. 58:12) הפ׳ חזאת עלי היה לגודרהוכ׳ the Lord says, it was for me to repair that breach (to remedy the evil of poverty), and thou rosest to repair it (by charity); a. fr. 2) lawlessness, licentiousness, demoralization. Gen. R. s. 26 כל פ׳ שאינה … אינה פ׳ demoralization which does not proceed from the leaders, is no real demoralization; a. e.Pl. פְּרָצוֹת. Pes.56a, v. פָּרַץ. Midd. II, 3 שלש עשרה פ׳ היו בו שפרצוםוכ׳ there were thirteen breaches in the Temple palisades (סוֹרֶג) made by the Greek kings; Y.Shek.VI, 50a top. Ber.19a פִּרְצוֹתֵינוּ ופִרְצוֹתוכ׳, v. גָּדַר. B. Bath.91b (ref. to גדרה, 1 Chr. 4:23) זו סנהדרין שגדרו פִרְצוֹתֵיהֶןוכ׳ this refers to the Sanhedrin that healed the breaches of Israel. Yalk. Ez. 352; Ruth R. introd. שאלו עליתם בפ׳וכ׳ if you had stood in the breaches as Moses did ; a. fr.(Num. R. s. 20 שיש פרצים, v. פָּרַץ) 3) sect.Pl. as ab. Ab. dR. N. ch. V ונפרצו מהם שתי פ׳ and two sects proceeded from them. 4) spreading, increase. Gen. R. S. 73, a. e., v. פָּרַץ. -
2 פיר׳
פִּרְצָה, פִּירְ׳f. (פָּרַץ) 1) breach, opening. B. Bath.53a פרץ פ׳וכ׳ if he widened the opening in the fence to go in and out by it. Succ.26a פ׳ קוראה לגנב a breach (occasion) invites the thief. Tanḥ. Vayishl. 5 אין ניתנין פ׳ לפני הכשרוכ׳ we must not leave an opening (offer a temptation) to an honest man, how much less to a thief. Y.Gitt.III, 45a היתה שם פ׳ אחתוכ׳ if there was a single gap (for the besieged to escape), it saves all (justifies the presumption that they are alive). Peah VII, 1 בצד פ׳ (Y. ed. הפרוצה) by the gap (entrance) in the fence; a. fr.Trnsf. inroad, calamity. Tanḥ. Bal. 13 יש פ׳ גדולה מזו is there a greater calamity than this (the death of Moses)? Yalk. Ps. 888 (ref. to פרץ, Ps. 144:14) פ׳ של פורענות the calamity of divine visitation (pestilence, with ref. to Ps. 106:29 ותפיץ); פ׳ של גלות the calamity of exile; Ruth R. introd. פ׳ של מגפה; פֶּרֶץ של גלות. Lev. R. s. 34, end (ref. to Is. 58:12) הפ׳ חזאת עלי היה לגודרהוכ׳ the Lord says, it was for me to repair that breach (to remedy the evil of poverty), and thou rosest to repair it (by charity); a. fr. 2) lawlessness, licentiousness, demoralization. Gen. R. s. 26 כל פ׳ שאינה … אינה פ׳ demoralization which does not proceed from the leaders, is no real demoralization; a. e.Pl. פְּרָצוֹת. Pes.56a, v. פָּרַץ. Midd. II, 3 שלש עשרה פ׳ היו בו שפרצוםוכ׳ there were thirteen breaches in the Temple palisades (סוֹרֶג) made by the Greek kings; Y.Shek.VI, 50a top. Ber.19a פִּרְצוֹתֵינוּ ופִרְצוֹתוכ׳, v. גָּדַר. B. Bath.91b (ref. to גדרה, 1 Chr. 4:23) זו סנהדרין שגדרו פִרְצוֹתֵיהֶןוכ׳ this refers to the Sanhedrin that healed the breaches of Israel. Yalk. Ez. 352; Ruth R. introd. שאלו עליתם בפ׳וכ׳ if you had stood in the breaches as Moses did ; a. fr.(Num. R. s. 20 שיש פרצים, v. פָּרַץ) 3) sect.Pl. as ab. Ab. dR. N. ch. V ונפרצו מהם שתי פ׳ and two sects proceeded from them. 4) spreading, increase. Gen. R. S. 73, a. e., v. פָּרַץ. -
3 פִּרְצָה
פִּרְצָה, פִּירְ׳f. (פָּרַץ) 1) breach, opening. B. Bath.53a פרץ פ׳וכ׳ if he widened the opening in the fence to go in and out by it. Succ.26a פ׳ קוראה לגנב a breach (occasion) invites the thief. Tanḥ. Vayishl. 5 אין ניתנין פ׳ לפני הכשרוכ׳ we must not leave an opening (offer a temptation) to an honest man, how much less to a thief. Y.Gitt.III, 45a היתה שם פ׳ אחתוכ׳ if there was a single gap (for the besieged to escape), it saves all (justifies the presumption that they are alive). Peah VII, 1 בצד פ׳ (Y. ed. הפרוצה) by the gap (entrance) in the fence; a. fr.Trnsf. inroad, calamity. Tanḥ. Bal. 13 יש פ׳ גדולה מזו is there a greater calamity than this (the death of Moses)? Yalk. Ps. 888 (ref. to פרץ, Ps. 144:14) פ׳ של פורענות the calamity of divine visitation (pestilence, with ref. to Ps. 106:29 ותפיץ); פ׳ של גלות the calamity of exile; Ruth R. introd. פ׳ של מגפה; פֶּרֶץ של גלות. Lev. R. s. 34, end (ref. to Is. 58:12) הפ׳ חזאת עלי היה לגודרהוכ׳ the Lord says, it was for me to repair that breach (to remedy the evil of poverty), and thou rosest to repair it (by charity); a. fr. 2) lawlessness, licentiousness, demoralization. Gen. R. s. 26 כל פ׳ שאינה … אינה פ׳ demoralization which does not proceed from the leaders, is no real demoralization; a. e.Pl. פְּרָצוֹת. Pes.56a, v. פָּרַץ. Midd. II, 3 שלש עשרה פ׳ היו בו שפרצוםוכ׳ there were thirteen breaches in the Temple palisades (סוֹרֶג) made by the Greek kings; Y.Shek.VI, 50a top. Ber.19a פִּרְצוֹתֵינוּ ופִרְצוֹתוכ׳, v. גָּדַר. B. Bath.91b (ref. to גדרה, 1 Chr. 4:23) זו סנהדרין שגדרו פִרְצוֹתֵיהֶןוכ׳ this refers to the Sanhedrin that healed the breaches of Israel. Yalk. Ez. 352; Ruth R. introd. שאלו עליתם בפ׳וכ׳ if you had stood in the breaches as Moses did ; a. fr.(Num. R. s. 20 שיש פרצים, v. פָּרַץ) 3) sect.Pl. as ab. Ab. dR. N. ch. V ונפרצו מהם שתי פ׳ and two sects proceeded from them. 4) spreading, increase. Gen. R. S. 73, a. e., v. פָּרַץ. -
4 פִּירְ׳
פִּרְצָה, פִּירְ׳f. (פָּרַץ) 1) breach, opening. B. Bath.53a פרץ פ׳וכ׳ if he widened the opening in the fence to go in and out by it. Succ.26a פ׳ קוראה לגנב a breach (occasion) invites the thief. Tanḥ. Vayishl. 5 אין ניתנין פ׳ לפני הכשרוכ׳ we must not leave an opening (offer a temptation) to an honest man, how much less to a thief. Y.Gitt.III, 45a היתה שם פ׳ אחתוכ׳ if there was a single gap (for the besieged to escape), it saves all (justifies the presumption that they are alive). Peah VII, 1 בצד פ׳ (Y. ed. הפרוצה) by the gap (entrance) in the fence; a. fr.Trnsf. inroad, calamity. Tanḥ. Bal. 13 יש פ׳ גדולה מזו is there a greater calamity than this (the death of Moses)? Yalk. Ps. 888 (ref. to פרץ, Ps. 144:14) פ׳ של פורענות the calamity of divine visitation (pestilence, with ref. to Ps. 106:29 ותפיץ); פ׳ של גלות the calamity of exile; Ruth R. introd. פ׳ של מגפה; פֶּרֶץ של גלות. Lev. R. s. 34, end (ref. to Is. 58:12) הפ׳ חזאת עלי היה לגודרהוכ׳ the Lord says, it was for me to repair that breach (to remedy the evil of poverty), and thou rosest to repair it (by charity); a. fr. 2) lawlessness, licentiousness, demoralization. Gen. R. s. 26 כל פ׳ שאינה … אינה פ׳ demoralization which does not proceed from the leaders, is no real demoralization; a. e.Pl. פְּרָצוֹת. Pes.56a, v. פָּרַץ. Midd. II, 3 שלש עשרה פ׳ היו בו שפרצוםוכ׳ there were thirteen breaches in the Temple palisades (סוֹרֶג) made by the Greek kings; Y.Shek.VI, 50a top. Ber.19a פִּרְצוֹתֵינוּ ופִרְצוֹתוכ׳, v. גָּדַר. B. Bath.91b (ref. to גדרה, 1 Chr. 4:23) זו סנהדרין שגדרו פִרְצוֹתֵיהֶןוכ׳ this refers to the Sanhedrin that healed the breaches of Israel. Yalk. Ez. 352; Ruth R. introd. שאלו עליתם בפ׳וכ׳ if you had stood in the breaches as Moses did ; a. fr.(Num. R. s. 20 שיש פרצים, v. פָּרַץ) 3) sect.Pl. as ab. Ab. dR. N. ch. V ונפרצו מהם שתי פ׳ and two sects proceeded from them. 4) spreading, increase. Gen. R. S. 73, a. e., v. פָּרַץ. -
5 ликвидировать прорыв
1) General subject: plug the gap, seal the gap, stop a gap, supply a gap2) Military: bite off a penetration, close the gap, eliminate a penetration, eliminate penetration, fill a gap, patch up the line, plug a gap, repair a breach, seal a gap, seal off a breach3) Makarov: reseal a defensive line, secure a gap, stem the breach, close a gap, fill the gapУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > ликвидировать прорыв
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6 разрыв
1) divorce; (отсутствие связи) gap; (несоответствие тж.) disparityтехнологический разрыв (отставание в уровне технического развития одной страны по сравнению с другой) — technological / technology gap
разрыв в уровнях экономического развития — gap / disparities in the level of economic development
разрыв между денежными доходами и их материальным покрытием — gap between monetary incomes and available commodities
разрыв между потенциально возможным уровнем национального продукта и реальным валовым национальным продуктом — gross national product gap
разрыв между спросом и предложением — supply-demand gap, gap between demand and supply
2) (нарушение) breach, breaking off, rupture, severence, divorceвыступать за разрыв отношений (с кем-л.) — to stand for a break (with smb.)
положить конец разрыву между странами — to heal / to repair the breach between the countries
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7 закрывать брешь в обороне
1) Military: repair a breach, seal off a breach2) Makarov: reseal a defensive lineУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > закрывать брешь в обороне
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8 положить конец разрыву в отношениях между двумя странами
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > положить конец разрыву в отношениях между двумя странами
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9 Vermuyden, Sir Cornelius
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. c. 1590 St Maartensdijk, Zeeland, the Netherlandsd. 4 February 1656 probably London, England[br]Dutch/British civil engineer responsible for many of the drainage and flood-protection schemes in low-lying areas of England in the seventeenth century.[br]At the beginning of the seventeenth century, several wealthy men in England joined forces as "adventurers" to put their money into land ventures. One such group was responsible for the draining of the Fens. The first need was to find engineers who were versed in the processes of land drainage, particularly when that land was at, or below, sea level. It was natural, therefore, to turn to the Netherlands to find these skilled men. Joachim Liens was one of the first of the Dutch engineers to go to England, and he started work on the Great Level; however, no real progress was made until 1621, when Cornelius Vermuyden was brought to England to assist in the work.Vermuyden had grown up in a district where he could see for himself the techniques of embanking and reclaiming land from the sea. He acquired a reputation of expertise in this field, and by 1621 his fame had spread to England. In that year the Thames had flooded and breached its banks near Havering and Dagenham in Essex. Vermuyden was commissioned to repair the breach and drain neighbouring marshland, with what he claimed as complete success. The Commissioners of Sewers for Essex disputed this claim and whthheld his fee, but King Charles I granted him a portion of the reclaimed land as compensation.In 1626 Vermuyden carried out his first scheme for drainage works as a consultant. This was the drainage of Hatfield Chase in South Yorkshire. Charles I was, in fact, Vermuyden's employer in the drainage of the Chase, and the work was undertaken as a means of raising additional rents for the Royal Exchequer. Vermuyden was himself an "adventurer" in the undertaking, putting capital into the venture and receiving the title to a considerable proportion of the drained lands. One of the important elements of his drainage designs was the principal of "washes", which were flat areas between the protective dykes and the rivers to carry flood waters, to prevent them spreading on to nearby land. Vermuyden faced bitter opposition from those whose livelihoods depended on the marshlands and who resorted to sabotage of the embankments and violence against his imported Dutch workmen to defend their rights. The work could not be completed until arbiters had ruled out on the respective rights of the parties involved. Disagreements and criticism of his engineering practices continued and he gave up his interest in Hatfield Chase. The Hatfield Chase undertaking was not a great success, although the land is now rich farmland around the river Don in Doncaster. However, the involved financial and land-ownership arrangements were the key to the granting of a knighthood to Cornelius Vermuyden in January 1628, and in 1630 he purchased 4,000 acres of low-lying land on Sedgemoor in Somerset.In 1629 Vermuyden embarked on his most important work, that of draining the Great Level in the fenlands of East Anglia. Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford, was given charge of the work, with Vermuyden as Engineer; in this venture they were speculators and partners and were recompensed by a grant of land. The area which contains the Cambridgeshire tributaries of the Great Ouse were subject to severe and usually annual flooding. The works to contain the rivers in their flood period were important. Whilst the rivers were contained with the enclosed flood plain, the land beyond became highly sought-after because of the quality of the soil. The fourteen "adventurers" who eventually came into partnership with the Earl of Bedford and Vermuyden were the financiers of the scheme and also received land in accordance with their input into the scheme. In 1637 the work was claimed to be complete, but this was disputed, with Vermuyden defending himself against criticism in a pamphlet entitled Discourse Touching the Great Fennes (1638; 1642, London). In fact, much remained to be done, and after an interruption due to the Civil War the scheme was finished in 1652. Whilst the process of the Great Level works had closely involved the King, Oliver Cromwell was equally concerned over the success of the scheme. By 1655 Cornelius Vermuyden had ceased to have anything to do with the Great Level. At that stage he was asked to account for large sums granted to him to expedite the work but was unable to do so; most of his assets were seized to cover the deficiency, and from then on he subsided into obscurity and poverty.While Cornelius Vermuyden, as a Dutchman, was well versed in the drainage needs of his own country, he developed his skills as a hydraulic engineer in England and drained acres of derelict flooded land.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1628.Further ReadingL.E.Harris, 1953, Vermuyden and the Fens, London: Cleaver Hume Press. J.Korthals-Altes, 1977, Sir Cornelius Vermuyden: The Lifework of a Great Anglo-Dutchman in Land-Reclamation and Drainage, New York: Alto Press.KM / LRDBiographical history of technology > Vermuyden, Sir Cornelius
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10 בדק
בֶּדֶק(b. h., preced.) 1) breach, defect. 2) attendance, repair. ב׳ הבית (2 Kings 12:8) keeping the Temple in repair. Y.Pes.VIII, 36a top. Tem.I, 6 קדשי ב׳ הב׳ (Mish. קרבנות) offerings for the Temple repair, opp. to קדשי מזבח objects dedicated for sacrifices. Ibid. VII, 1; a. fr.Pl. בְּדָקִים, constr. בִּדְקֵי Sabb.32a ב׳ מיתה breaches through which death enters, i. e. sins for which one is visited with death; v. דֶּבֶק. -
11 בֶּדֶק
בֶּדֶק(b. h., preced.) 1) breach, defect. 2) attendance, repair. ב׳ הבית (2 Kings 12:8) keeping the Temple in repair. Y.Pes.VIII, 36a top. Tem.I, 6 קדשי ב׳ הב׳ (Mish. קרבנות) offerings for the Temple repair, opp. to קדשי מזבח objects dedicated for sacrifices. Ibid. VII, 1; a. fr.Pl. בְּדָקִים, constr. בִּדְקֵי Sabb.32a ב׳ מיתה breaches through which death enters, i. e. sins for which one is visited with death; v. דֶּבֶק. -
12 שפץ
שְׁפַץPa. שַׁפֵּיץ (Shaf. of פצץ) ( to undo a breach (cmp. דִּשֵּׁן to remove the ashes), to repair. Targ. 2 Chr. 11:11 וש׳ ותקיף (h. text ויחזק). Ib. 23 ובנא וש׳ קרוין ומניוכ׳ (h. text ויבן ויפרץ, to which Targ. supplies ויפקד) he built and fortified cities, and appointed Meg.4a אתא אסא שַׁפְּצִינְהוּ Ar. a. Rashi (ed. שפצנהי, corr. acc.) Asa came and restored their fortifications. Yeb.63a טום ולא תְשֵׁפֵּיץ שַׁפֵּיץוכ׳ fill up (a hole in time), that thou need not repair, repair, that thou need not build. -
13 שְׁפַץ
שְׁפַץPa. שַׁפֵּיץ (Shaf. of פצץ) ( to undo a breach (cmp. דִּשֵּׁן to remove the ashes), to repair. Targ. 2 Chr. 11:11 וש׳ ותקיף (h. text ויחזק). Ib. 23 ובנא וש׳ קרוין ומניוכ׳ (h. text ויבן ויפרץ, to which Targ. supplies ויפקד) he built and fortified cities, and appointed Meg.4a אתא אסא שַׁפְּצִינְהוּ Ar. a. Rashi (ed. שפצנהי, corr. acc.) Asa came and restored their fortifications. Yeb.63a טום ולא תְשֵׁפֵּיץ שַׁפֵּיץוכ׳ fill up (a hole in time), that thou need not repair, repair, that thou need not build. -
14 отношение отношени·е
1) attitudeбезучастное отношение — indifference, detached attitude
бережное отношение к людям — regard for / consideration for the people
добросовестное отношение к своим обязанностям — conscientious attitude to / towards one's duties
негативное / отрицательное отношение — negative attitude
непредвзятое / объективное отношение — unbias(s)ed attitude
непримиримое отношение — uncompromising / irreconcilable attitude (to)
пристраст ное отношение — partial / bias(s)ed attitude
формальное отношение — formal / conventional attitude
2) мн— relations, relationshipвосстановить отношения — to reestablish / to resume / to restore relations
запутать отношения — to muddle / to blur / to dim relations / relationship
испортить отношения — to damage / to upset relations
испортить отношения между странами — to harm / to damage relations between the countries
крепить / упрочить отношения — cement; relations
нанести ущерб отношениям — to damage / to harm / to impair / to upset relations
омрачать / портить отношения — to mar relations
перестраивать отношения — to recast / to restructure relations
поддерживать / сохранять отношения — to maintain relations
порвать / разорвать отношения — to break off / to disrupt / to rupture / to sever relations
улучшать отношения — to improve / to repair relations
установить отношения — to enter into / to establish relations
установить хорошие отношения с представителями прессы / с прессой — to cultivate reporters
взаимовыгодные отношения — mutually advantageous / beneficial relations
внешние отношения — external / foreign relations
враждебные отношения — hostility / hostile relations
денежные отношения — monetary / money relations
дипломатические отношения — diplomatic intercourse / relations
полные дипломатические отношения, в полном объеме — full diplomatic relations
акты об установлении дипломатических отношений — official papers on establishment of diplomatic missions
разрыв дипломатических отношений — breach / breaking off / rupture / severance of diplomatic relations
формальное установление дипломатических отношений — formal initiation / establishment of diplomatic relations
добрососедские отношения — good-neighbourly / good-neighbour relations
развивать добрососедские отношения — to develop good-neighbourly / good-neighbour relations
дружественные отношения — amicable / friendly relations
межгосударственные отношения — interstate / state-to-state relations
общепризнанные нормы межгосударственных отношений — generally recognized norms of relations between states
международные отношения — international intercourse, international / foreign relations
равноправные / справедливые международные отношения — equitable international relations
имитация / моделирование международных отношение — simulation of international relations
межнациональные отношения — interethnic relations, international relations
мирные / миролюбивые отношения — peace / peaceful relations
принцип многосторонних отношений (напр. торговых между несколькими странами) — multilateralism
напряжённые / натянутые отношения — tense / strained relations
совершенствование общественных отношений — perfecting / refinement of social relations
торговые отношения — trade / commercial relations
взаимовыгодные экономические отношения — mutually advatageous / beneficial economic relations
оздоровление международных экономических отношений — normalization of international economic relations
налаживание отношений — development of relations; (с избирателями, печатью и т.п.) fence-mending
отношения взаимовыгодного сотрудничества — relations of mutually advantageous / beneficial cooperation
отношения между странами значительно ухудшились — the relations between the countries are at a low ebb
отношения, построенные на страхе — relations built on fear
охлаждение в отношение ях — cooldown / chill in relations
содействовать / способствовать развитию отношений — to further / to promote relations
разрыв отношений — breaking off / rupture / severance of relations
в поисках / целях улучшения отношений — in pursuit of improved relations
ухудшение отношений — aggravation / deterioration in / of relations
3)4)в отношении чего-л. — in respect of smth.
во всех отношениях — in all respects / in every respect
по отношению к чему-л. — with respect to smth.
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > отношение отношени·е
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15 גדר
גָּדַר(b. h.; v. גדד I) 1) to cut, esp. to harvest dates. B. Mets.89b (Ar. גדד, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 300). B. Bath.36b עד שיגדור ג׳ גדירות until he has reaped three date harvests.Y.Sabb.VII, 9c top; Bab. ib. 73b (terms equivalent to קוצר); Y. ib. 10a ed. Krot. הגורד (corr. acc.).Sabb.50a; 125b חריות … שגְּדָרָן לעצים twigs of a date tree which one cut with the intention of using them for fuel; v. גָּדַע.Tosef.Ber.IV, 21; a. fr.Part. pass. גָּדוּר cut down. Tosef.Shebi.IV, 13 כרם ג׳ בציפורי (Var. גדול; R. S. to Shebi. VI, 4 גריד) a ruined vineyard in Zepphoris. 2) to surround with a גֶּדֶר, fence in; to limit, control, ward off. B. Kam.23a שהיה לו לגֹודְרָהּ ולא גְדָרָהּ he ought to have fenced it in and did not do so. Tosef.M. Kat. I, 7 חומת … גֹּודְרִין אותה if a city wall is broken into, we may fence it in (repair it, during the festive week).Gen. R. s. 49 (play on haaf, Gen. 18:23) אתה גֹודֵר את האף והאף לא יִגְדָּרְךָ Thou controllest the anger, but the anger does not control Thee.Y.Ber.IX, end, 14c וגֹודְרָהּ, v. זָקֵן I.Mikv. V, 6 גודר כלים one may form a dam with garments (Tosef. ib. IV, 10 גרר, corr. acc.). Y.Ber.III, 6c דבר שהוא גֹודֵר את ישראל מןוכ׳ a custom which guards Israel from sin. Lev. R. s. 24 מי שהוא גודר עצמווכ׳ (Y.Yeb.II, 3d top פורש) he who guards himself against sin (restraining himself from anything unchaste) is called holy. Gen. R. s. 70 גָּדְרוּ עצמןוכ׳ trained themselves to chastity; a. fr.Part. pass. גָּדוּר abstinent, chaste. Lev. R. s. 22 ומעצמו הוא ג׳ and he will become abstinent of his own accord. Gen. R. l. c. אנשי מזרח גְּדוּרִיםוכ׳ the people of the East are chaste; a. fr.ג׳ פרצה (or sub. פרצה) to fence in a breach, to remedy calamities, also to check lawlessness by preventive measures (v. גְּזֵרָה). Ber.19a שתִּגְדֹּורוכ׳ that Thou repair our breaches (relieve us); B. Bath.91b.Lev. R. s. 1 (play on Abigdor 1 Chr. 4:4) הרבה גֹודְרִיןוכ׳ Israel had many fence-makers (guardians against sin). Ruth. R. s. 2, a. fr.Erub.6a, a. e. ג׳ בה גדר, v. בִּקְעָה.Y.Erub.X, 26b bot. דלת גודרתוכ׳; Tosef. ib. XI (VII), 18 גוררת ed. Zuck., Var. גוד׳, v. גָּרַר.Y.Sabb.XV, 15b top וגדרתא, read וּגְדָרַתָּהּ. Nif. נִגְדָּר to be guarded; to guard ones self. Y.Sabb.XVII, beg.16a כיון שנִגְדְּרוּ (ib. III, 6a top שנִתְגַּדְּרוּ) when they had been trained (to guard against desecrating the Sabbath). Lev. R. s. 32 נ׳ כל הנשיםוכ׳ all women were made chaste through her meritorious example; a. e. Pi. גִּידֵּר to cut into. Gitt.56b; Lev. R. s. 20; 22; Num. R. s. 18 וגִידּ׳ את הפרוכת and cut into the curtain (Koh. R. to V, 8; Tanḥ. Ḥuck. 1 וגָד׳). Tosef.Shebi.III, 20 מְגַדֵּר בחורשין Var. (ed. Zuck. מברך) to cut into, to clear thickets, v. בהה. Hithpa. הִתְגַּדֵּר 1) ( to cut onesself off from others, to distinguish ones self, to excel; to raise ones self above others, to arrogate power, he presumptuous. Ber.17a כשם שהוא אינו מִתְגַּדֵּרוכ׳ as he cannot excel in my work (study), so can I not in his (field labor). Ḥull.7a my predecessors have left room for me להִתְגַּדֵּר בו to distinguish myself; Yoma 78a; (Y.Dem.II, 22c bot. עטרה לחתעטר, Ar. להתגדר).Ned.81a כדי שלא יִתְגַּדְּרוּ עלוכ׳ in order that they may not be presumptuous towards the people; v. גָּבַר Hithpa. (Mekh. Bshall., Vayassa 1 כבן שמתגדרוכ׳, v. גָּרַר II. 2) to be trained, v. supra Nif. -
16 גָּדַר
גָּדַר(b. h.; v. גדד I) 1) to cut, esp. to harvest dates. B. Mets.89b (Ar. גדד, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 300). B. Bath.36b עד שיגדור ג׳ גדירות until he has reaped three date harvests.Y.Sabb.VII, 9c top; Bab. ib. 73b (terms equivalent to קוצר); Y. ib. 10a ed. Krot. הגורד (corr. acc.).Sabb.50a; 125b חריות … שגְּדָרָן לעצים twigs of a date tree which one cut with the intention of using them for fuel; v. גָּדַע.Tosef.Ber.IV, 21; a. fr.Part. pass. גָּדוּר cut down. Tosef.Shebi.IV, 13 כרם ג׳ בציפורי (Var. גדול; R. S. to Shebi. VI, 4 גריד) a ruined vineyard in Zepphoris. 2) to surround with a גֶּדֶר, fence in; to limit, control, ward off. B. Kam.23a שהיה לו לגֹודְרָהּ ולא גְדָרָהּ he ought to have fenced it in and did not do so. Tosef.M. Kat. I, 7 חומת … גֹּודְרִין אותה if a city wall is broken into, we may fence it in (repair it, during the festive week).Gen. R. s. 49 (play on haaf, Gen. 18:23) אתה גֹודֵר את האף והאף לא יִגְדָּרְךָ Thou controllest the anger, but the anger does not control Thee.Y.Ber.IX, end, 14c וגֹודְרָהּ, v. זָקֵן I.Mikv. V, 6 גודר כלים one may form a dam with garments (Tosef. ib. IV, 10 גרר, corr. acc.). Y.Ber.III, 6c דבר שהוא גֹודֵר את ישראל מןוכ׳ a custom which guards Israel from sin. Lev. R. s. 24 מי שהוא גודר עצמווכ׳ (Y.Yeb.II, 3d top פורש) he who guards himself against sin (restraining himself from anything unchaste) is called holy. Gen. R. s. 70 גָּדְרוּ עצמןוכ׳ trained themselves to chastity; a. fr.Part. pass. גָּדוּר abstinent, chaste. Lev. R. s. 22 ומעצמו הוא ג׳ and he will become abstinent of his own accord. Gen. R. l. c. אנשי מזרח גְּדוּרִיםוכ׳ the people of the East are chaste; a. fr.ג׳ פרצה (or sub. פרצה) to fence in a breach, to remedy calamities, also to check lawlessness by preventive measures (v. גְּזֵרָה). Ber.19a שתִּגְדֹּורוכ׳ that Thou repair our breaches (relieve us); B. Bath.91b.Lev. R. s. 1 (play on Abigdor 1 Chr. 4:4) הרבה גֹודְרִיןוכ׳ Israel had many fence-makers (guardians against sin). Ruth. R. s. 2, a. fr.Erub.6a, a. e. ג׳ בה גדר, v. בִּקְעָה.Y.Erub.X, 26b bot. דלת גודרתוכ׳; Tosef. ib. XI (VII), 18 גוררת ed. Zuck., Var. גוד׳, v. גָּרַר.Y.Sabb.XV, 15b top וגדרתא, read וּגְדָרַתָּהּ. Nif. נִגְדָּר to be guarded; to guard ones self. Y.Sabb.XVII, beg.16a כיון שנִגְדְּרוּ (ib. III, 6a top שנִתְגַּדְּרוּ) when they had been trained (to guard against desecrating the Sabbath). Lev. R. s. 32 נ׳ כל הנשיםוכ׳ all women were made chaste through her meritorious example; a. e. Pi. גִּידֵּר to cut into. Gitt.56b; Lev. R. s. 20; 22; Num. R. s. 18 וגִידּ׳ את הפרוכת and cut into the curtain (Koh. R. to V, 8; Tanḥ. Ḥuck. 1 וגָד׳). Tosef.Shebi.III, 20 מְגַדֵּר בחורשין Var. (ed. Zuck. מברך) to cut into, to clear thickets, v. בהה. Hithpa. הִתְגַּדֵּר 1) ( to cut onesself off from others, to distinguish ones self, to excel; to raise ones self above others, to arrogate power, he presumptuous. Ber.17a כשם שהוא אינו מִתְגַּדֵּרוכ׳ as he cannot excel in my work (study), so can I not in his (field labor). Ḥull.7a my predecessors have left room for me להִתְגַּדֵּר בו to distinguish myself; Yoma 78a; (Y.Dem.II, 22c bot. עטרה לחתעטר, Ar. להתגדר).Ned.81a כדי שלא יִתְגַּדְּרוּ עלוכ׳ in order that they may not be presumptuous towards the people; v. גָּבַר Hithpa. (Mekh. Bshall., Vayassa 1 כבן שמתגדרוכ׳, v. גָּרַר II. 2) to be trained, v. supra Nif. -
17 Schaden
Schaden m 1. PAT, RECHT damage; 2. VERSICH claim, damage • einen Schaden decken FIN cover a loss • einen Schaden regulieren VERSICH adjust a claim • für den Schaden aufkommen GEN, VERSICH compensate for the damage • jmdm. Schäden bis zu £ 10.000 zugestehen VERSICH award sb £ 10,000 damages • Schaden abschätzen GEN appraise damages • Schaden erleiden WIWI suffer damage • Schaden nehmen WIWI suffer damage • Schaden taxieren GEN appraise damages • zum Schaden von GEN to the detriment of* * *m 1. <Patent, Recht> damage; 2. < Versich> claim, damage ■ einen Schaden decken < Finanz> cover a loss ■ einen Schaden regulieren < Versich> adjust a claim ■ jmdm. Schäden bis zu £ 10.000 zugestehen < Versich> award sb £ 10,000 damages ■ Schaden abschätzen < Geschäft> appraise damages ■ Schaden erleiden <Vw> suffer damage ■ Schaden nehmen <Vw> suffer damage ■ Schaden taxieren < Geschäft> appraise damages ■ zum Schaden von < Geschäft> to the detriment of* * *Schaden
damage, loss, (Kosten) cost[s], (Nachteil) prejudice, detriment, disadvantage, mischief, (rechtlich) tort, (Verletzung) injury, harm, (Versicherung) loss, casualty, claim;
• je Schaden (Versicherung) each and every loss;
• ohne Schaden [zu nehmen] without prejudice;
• zum Schaden von to the detriment of;
• abschätzbarer Schaden estimable loss;
• in Geld abzulösender Schaden constructive loss;
• allgemeiner Schaden general damage;
• durch Vieh angerichteter Schaden cattle damage;
• lang anhaltender Schaden protracted loss;
• außergewöhnlicher Schaden exceptional loss;
• auf Brandstiftung beruhender Schaden incendiary loss;
• auf Unfall beruhender Schaden accidental injury;
• beträchtlicher Schaden considerable (extensive) damage, substantial harm;
• eigentlicher Schaden actual loss;
• bereits eingetretener Schaden detriment already incurred;
• noch nicht eingetretener Schaden unaccrued damage;
• einklagbarer Schaden actionable loss, civil injury;
• empfindlicher Schaden serious loss;
• entstandener Schaden loss incurred, resulting damage;
• durch einen Autounfall entstandener Schaden accidental collision damage;
• bei der Brandbekämpfung entstandener Schaden fire-fighting damage;
• tatsächlich entstandener Schaden actual damage;
• auf dem Transport entstandener Schaden damage in transit;
• durch Vertragsbruch entstandener Schaden loss occasioned by breach of contract;
• erheblicher Schaden serious (heavy, considerable) loss;
• erlittener Schaden damage suffered, sustained loss;
• ernstlicher Schaden serious loss;
• ersetzbarer Schaden recoverable average;
• nicht ersetzbarer Schaden irreparable injury;
• laut Versicherungspolice zu ersetzender Schaden loss recoverable under a policy;
• fahrlässiger Schaden accidental injury;
• festgestellter Schaden ascertained (proved, observed) damage, (Spediteur) known damage;
• in Geld feststellbarer Schaden pecuniary damage;
• nicht in Geld feststellbarer Schaden general damage;
• finanzieller Schaden money damage, pecuniary loss;
• fingierter Schaden constructive injury;
• durch die Versicherung voll gedeckter Schaden loss fully covered by insurance;
• geldwerter Schaden pecuniary damage (loss);
• geringer Schaden slight injury;
• geringfügiger Schaden nominal (small) damage;
• gesundheitlicher Schaden injury to health;
• durch Schadenersatz nicht gutzumachender Schaden inadequate damage;
• nicht wieder gutzumachender Schaden injury past redress;
• immaterieller Schaden nominal damage;
• indirekter Schaden remote damage;
• konkreter Schaden special damage, actual loss;
• körperlicher Schaden bodily injury (harm);
• materieller Schaden material (physical) damage;
• mittelbarer Schaden indirect (consequential) damage (loss);
• nachgewiesener Schaden proved damage;
• nomineller Schaden nominal damage;
• radioaktiver Schaden radioactive losses;
• regulierter Schaden (Versicherung) settled claim;
• schätzungsbedürftiger Schaden unliquidated damage;
• wirtschaftlich nicht zu Buch[e] schlagender Schaden non-economic damage;
• schwerer Schaden serious (substantial) damage;
• substantiierter Schaden substantiated damage;
• tatsächlicher Schaden actual damage;
• unabsehbarer Schaden immeasurable (incalculable) loss;
• unbedeutender (unerheblicher) Schaden nominal (negligible) damage;
• uneinbringlicher Schaden irretrievable loss;
• unerheblicher Schaden trivial loss, negligible damage;
• unmittelbarer Schaden direct damage (loss), positive injury;
• unübersehbarer Schaden incalculable loss;
• versicherter Schaden direct (insured) loss;
• von Ihnen zu vertretender Schaden damage chargeable to you;
• verursachter Schaden damage done;
• vorausberechneter (vorausberechenbarer) Schaden speculative damage;
• nicht voraussehbarer Schaden remote damage;
• nicht zurechenbarer Schaden remote damage;
• nur auf die versicherte Gefahr zurückzuführender Schaden loss from insured peril only;
• Schaden jeder Art loss or damage;
• Schaden wirtschaftlicher Art material damage;
• Schaden im Einzelfall special damage;
• Schaden an der Ladung damage to cargo;
• Schaden durch inneren Verderb damage by intrinsic defects;
• Schaden durch Wasser damage caused by water;
• Schaden abschätzen to estimate (assess, value) the damage, to assess a loss;
• Schaden anmelden to give notice of claim;
• Schaden anrichten to [cause] damage;
• schweren Schaden anrichten to cause serious damage, (Unwetter) to cause havoc;
• für einen Schaden aufkommen to indemnify, to compensate;
• Schadenaufnehmen to assess the damage;
• Schaden ausbessern (beheben) to repair a damage;
• Schaden besichtigen to inspect the extent of damage;
• Schaden auf 1000 L beziffern to put the loss at L 1000;
• Schaden decken to make good a deficiency, (Versicherung) to recover a loss;
• sich von einem Schaden erholen (Börse) to recover one’s losses;
• Schaden erleiden to suffer damage, to sustain (incur, meet with) a loss;
• Schaden durch unzulässige Staatseingriffe erleiden to suffer from undue regulations;
• Schaden ermitteln to estimate (assess) damage;
• Schaden ersetzen to make good the damage done, to make up for a loss;
• jem. den Schaden in voller Höhe ersetzen to pay full indemnity to s. o.;
• Schaden feststellen to estimate the loss;
• Schaden zu vertreten haben to be answerable for (responsible for, liable in) damages;
• für einen Schaden haften (haftbar sein) to be responsible for (liable in) a damage, to be liable for a loss;
• zu Schaden kommen to come to grief;
• seinen Schaden mindern to mitigate one’s damage (loss);
• für einen Schaden aufkommen müssen to be liable for a loss;
• seinen Schaden nachweisen to prove one’s damage;
• auf dem Transport Schaden nehmen to suffer damage in transit;
• Schaden regeln (regulieren) to settle a loss (claim);
• einem Kunden in Höhe des entstandenen Schadens haftbar sein to be liable to a customer in extent of a loss;
• Schaden tragen to be liable for (bear) a loss;
• Schaden vergüten to make good a loss;
• mit Schaden verkaufen to sell at a loss;
• Ersatz des mittelbaren Schadens verlangen to claim constructive damages;
• gegen Schaden versichern to insure against loss;
• Schaden verursachen to cause damage;
• Schaden zufügen to damnify, to injure, to do (inflict) an injury, to inflict damage, to hurt, to [cause a] damage. -
18 risarcimento
"indemnity;Entschädigung;ressarcimento"* * *m compensation* * *risarcimento s.m.1 (dir., comm.) compensation [U], indemnity, refund, reparation; damages (pl.): risarcimento dei danni, compensation for damages; (dir.) risarcimento nominale dei danni, nominal damages; domanda di risarcimento, claim for damages; infortunio rimasto senza risarcimento, an accident which has not been compensated; aggiudicare il risarcimento dei danni, to award damages; avere diritto al risarcimento dei danni, to be entitled to an indemnity (o to damages); domandare il risarcimento dei danni, to claim damages; essere obbligato al risarcimento, to be bound to pay an indemnity; (dir.) risarcimento del danno morale, solatium; (dir.) risarcimento in forma specifica, specific redress; ottenere un risarcimento, ( per danni) to recover damages; risarcimento per inadempimento contrattuale, damages for breach of contract; risarcimento dei danni di guerra, reparations (for war damages); risarcimento delle spese, refund of expenses2 ( riparazione) repair.* * *[risartʃi'mento]sostantivo maschile indemnification, amends pl.; dir. compensation, recompense, restitutionrichiesta di risarcimento danni — claim for damages, insurance claim
* * *risarcimento/risart∫i'mento/sostantivo m.indemnification, amends pl.; dir. compensation, recompense, restitution; richiesta di risarcimento danni claim for damages, insurance claim; richiedere il risarcimento dei danni to claim for damages.
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