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21 account
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22 water
1) вода; уровень воды2) орошать; увлажнять; мочить; смачивать, поливать; поить3) просачиваться, давать течь4) разбавлять•- water of condensation - water of crystallization - absorption water - acid water - acid waste water - activated water - adhesive water - adsorbed water - aerated water - aggressive water - alkaline water - artesian water - atmospheric water - attraction water - backwash water - banked-up water - basal water - bathing water - bitter water - bleed-off water - boiler water - boiling water - bottom water - bound water - brackish water - capillary water - chemically combined water - chilled water - chlorinated water - chlorine water - circulating water - city water - clarified water - clear water - combined water - condensed water - confined water - connate water - contaminated water - cooling water - corrosive water - crystallization water - dammed water - day water - deep water - deionized water - delivered water - diluted water - dirty water - discharge water - dish water - distilled water - domestic water - domestic hot water - downstream water - drain water - drinking water - earthy water - earth water - edge water - effluent water - entrained water - eternal water - excess water - excessive tail water - feed water - film water - fixed water - finished water - fleet water - flood water - flowing water - flowing sheet water - flushing water - foul water - free water - fresh water - fringe water - gauging water - gel water - graphite water - gravitational water - gravity water - gravity ground water - gray water - gritty water - ground water - gutter water - hard water - head water - heavy water - high water - hydrate water - hydration water - hygroscopic water - impotable water - impounded surface water - impure water - industrial water - industrial waste water - infiltration water - influent water - injection water - intermediate water - interstitial water - irrigation water - jacket water - lagooned water - leakage water - level water - lime water - lockage water - low water - main water - make-up water - manufacturing water - mean high water - mean low water - melt water - meteoric water - microbiologically safe water - mine water - mineral water - mineral-free water - mixing water - moderately hard water - mother water - muddy water - municipal water - natural water - naturally soft water - natural sparkling water - natural tail water - nonartesian water - noncirculating water - nonpotable water - onsite water - outlet water - overflow water - perched water - percolating water - phreatic water - piped water - pit water - potable water - power water - precipitated water - press water - priming water - process water - product water - pure water - quarry water - quiescent water - rain water - raw water - reclaimed water - recycled water - residuary water - retained water - return water - reuse water - river water - running water - rusty water - safe water - saline water - saline-alkaline water - salt water - sample water - sanitary water - scale-producing water - sea water - seepage water - seismic sea water - seltzer water - service water - sewage water - shallow water - shoal water - sluicing water - snow water - soft water - softened water - sparkling water - spilling water - sprayed water - spring water - stagnant water - still water - still head water - storm water - subcutaneous water - subsurface water - sulphur water - surface water - suspended water - swamp water - sweet water - tail water - tap water - thawing water - thermal water - tide water - town water - treated water - trickling water - turbid water - uncontaminated water - underground water - untreated water - upper water - vadose water - very hard water - wash water - washing water - waste water - wasted water - well water - whirling water* * *1. вода; влага2. поливать водой; увлажнять, орошать- water of hydrationwater contained in aggregates — вода, содержащаяся в заполнителях; вода, поглощённая заполнителями
- absorbed water
- adsorbed water
- aggressive water
- artesian water
- bank-filtered water
- batched water
- bleed water
- boiler water
- bound water
- brackish water
- capillary fringe water
- chilled water
- circulating water
- city water
- clean water
- clear water
- concrete curing water
- condenser water
- confined water
- cooling water
- cut water
- deep-well water
- domestic hot water
- drinking water
- emergency water
- excess water
- feed water
- finished water
- finish water
- foul water
- free water
- fresh water
- fringe water
- gauged water
- glycol water
- gravitational water
- gravity water
- hard water
- heating water
- held water
- higher high water
- higher low water
- high pressure hot water
- hygroscopic water
- impounded water
- industrial water
- industrial waste water
- infiltration water
- interstitial water
- intrapermafrost water
- javelle water
- lime water
- lockage water
- low water
- lower high water
- lower low water
- low pressure hot water
- low temperature hot water
- mains water
- make-up water
- mixing water
- perched water
- phreatic water
- potable water
- pressure water
- primary water
- process water
- raw water
- receiving water
- recirculated water
- recooling water
- regenerated water
- return water
- reused sewage water
- rinse water
- salt water
- scavenging water
- sea water
- silicone water
- slop water
- sludge water
- soft water
- storm water
- subpermafrost water
- subsurface water
- superheated water
- suprapermafrost water
- surface water
- surplus water
- sweet water
- system water
- tape water
- untreated water
- used water
- washout water
- wash water
- waste water
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23 Ford, Henry
[br]b. 30 July 1863 Dearborn, Michigan, USAd. 7 April 1947 Dearborn, Michigan, USA[br]American pioneer motor-car maker and developer of mass-production methods.[br]He was the son of an Irish immigrant farmer, William Ford, and the oldest son to survive of Mary Litogot; his mother died in 1876 with the birth of her sixth child. He went to the village school, and at the age of 16 he was apprenticed to Flower brothers' machine shop and then at the Drydock \& Engineering Works in Detroit. In 1882 he left to return to the family farm and spent some time working with a 1 1/2 hp steam engine doing odd jobs for the farming community at $3 per day. He was then employed as a demonstrator for Westinghouse steam engines. He met Clara Jane Bryant at New Year 1885 and they were married on 11 April 1888. Their only child, Edsel Bryant Ford, was born on 6 November 1893.At that time Henry worked on steam engine repairs for the Edison Illuminating Company, where he became Chief Engineer. He became one of a group working to develop a "horseless carriage" in 1896 and in June completed his first vehicle, a "quadri cycle" with a two-cylinder engine. It was built in a brick shed, which had to be partially demolished to get the carriage out.Ford became involved in motor racing, at which he was more successful than he was in starting a car-manufacturing company. Several early ventures failed, until the Ford Motor Company of 1903. By October 1908 they had started with production of the Model T. The first, of which over 15 million were built up to the end of its production in May 1927, came out with bought-out steel stampings and a planetary gearbox, and had a one-piece four-cylinder block with a bolt-on head. This was one of the most successful models built by Ford or any other motor manufacturer in the life of the motor car.Interchangeability of components was an important element in Ford's philosophy. Ford was a pioneer in the use of vanadium steel for engine components. He adopted the principles of Frederick Taylor, the pioneer of time-and-motion study, and installed the world's first moving assembly line for the production of magnetos, started in 1913. He installed blast furnaces at the factory to make his own steel, and he also promoted research and the cultivation of the soya bean, from which a plastic was derived.In October 1913 he introduced the "Five Dollar Day", almost doubling the normal rate of pay. This was a profit-sharing scheme for his employees and contained an element of a reward for good behaviour. About this time he initiated work on an agricultural tractor, the "Fordson" made by a separate company, the directors of which were Henry and his son Edsel.In 1915 he chartered the Oscar II, a "peace ship", and with fifty-five delegates sailed for Europe a week before Christmas, docking at Oslo. Their objective was to appeal to all European Heads of State to stop the war. He had hoped to persuade manufacturers to replace armaments with tractors in their production programmes. In the event, Ford took to his bed in the hotel with a chill, stayed there for five days and then sailed for New York and home. He did, however, continue to finance the peace activists who remained in Europe. Back in America, he stood for election to the US Senate but was defeated. He was probably the father of John Dahlinger, illegitimate son of Evangeline Dahlinger, a stenographer employed by the firm and on whom he lavished gifts of cars, clothes and properties. He became the owner of a weekly newspaper, the Dearborn Independent, which became the medium for the expression of many of his more unorthodox ideas. He was involved in a lawsuit with the Chicago Tribune in 1919, during which he was cross-examined on his knowledge of American history: he is reputed to have said "History is bunk". What he actually said was, "History is bunk as it is taught in schools", a very different comment. The lawyers who thus made a fool of him would have been surprised if they could have foreseen the force and energy that their actions were to release. For years Ford employed a team of specialists to scour America and Europe for furniture, artefacts and relics of all kinds, illustrating various aspects of history. Starting with the Wayside Inn from South Sudbury, Massachusetts, buildings were bought, dismantled and moved, to be reconstructed in Greenfield Village, near Dearborn. The courthouse where Abraham Lincoln had practised law and the Ohio bicycle shop where the Wright brothers built their first primitive aeroplane were added to the farmhouse where the proprietor, Henry Ford, had been born. Replicas were made of Independence Hall, Congress Hall and the old City Hall in Philadelphia, and even a reconstruction of Edison's Menlo Park laboratory was installed. The Henry Ford museum was officially opened on 21 October 1929, on the fiftieth anniversary of Edison's invention of the incandescent bulb, but it continued to be a primary preoccupation of the great American car maker until his death.Henry Ford was also responsible for a number of aeronautical developments at the Ford Airport at Dearborn. He introduced the first use of radio to guide a commercial aircraft, the first regular airmail service in the United States. He also manufactured the country's first all-metal multi-engined plane, the Ford Tri-Motor.Edsel became President of the Ford Motor Company on his father's resignation from that position on 30 December 1918. Following the end of production in May 1927 of the Model T, the replacement Model A was not in production for another six months. During this period Henry Ford, though officially retired from the presidency of the company, repeatedly interfered and countermanded the orders of his son, ostensibly the man in charge. Edsel, who died of stomach cancer at his home at Grosse Point, Detroit, on 26 May 1943, was the father of Henry Ford II. Henry Ford died at his home, "Fair Lane", four years after his son's death.[br]Bibliography1922, with S.Crowther, My Life and Work, London: Heinemann.Further ReadingR.Lacey, 1986, Ford, the Men and the Machine, London: Heinemann. W.C.Richards, 1948, The Last Billionaire, Henry Ford, New York: Charles Scribner.IMcN -
24 Mees, Charles Edward Kenneth
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1882 Wellingborough, Englandd. 1960 USA[br]Anglo-American photographic scientist and Director of Research at the Kodak Research Laboratory.[br]The son of a Wesleyan minister, Mees was interested in chemistry from an early age and studied at St Dunstan's College in Catford, where he met Samuel E.Sheppard, with whom he went on to University College London in 1900. They worked together on a thesis for BSc degrees in 1903, developing the work begun by Hurter and Driffield on photographic sensitometry. This and other research papers were published in 1907 in the book Investigations on the Theory of the Photographic Process, which became a standard reference work. After obtaining a doctorate in 1906, Mees joined the firm of Wratten \& Wainwright (see F.C.L.Wratten), manufacturers of dry plates in Croydon; he started work on 1 April 1906, first tackling the problem of manufacturing colour-sensitive emulsions and enabling the company to market the first fully panchromatic plates from the end of that year.During the next few years Mees ran the commercial operation of the company as Managing Director and carried out research into new products, including filters for use with the new emulsions. In January 1912 he was visited by George Eastman, the American photographic manufacturer, who asked him to go to Rochester, New York, and set up a photographic research laboratory in the Kodak factory there. Wratten was prepared to release Mees on condition that Eastman bought the company; thus, Wratten and Wainwright became part of Kodak Ltd, and Mees left for America. He supervised the construction of a building in the heart of Kodak Park, and the building was fully equipped not only as a research laboratory, but also with facilities for coating and packing sensitized materials. It also had the most comprehensive library of photographic books in the world. Work at the laboratory started at the beginning of 1913, with a staff of twenty recruited from America and England, including Mees's collaborator of earlier years, Sheppard. Under Mees's direction there flowed from the Kodak research Laboratory a constant stream of discoveries, many of them leading to new products. Among these were the 16 mm amateur film-making system launched in 1923; the first amateur colour-movie system, Kodacolor, in 1928; and 8 mm home movies, in 1932. His support for the young experimenters Mannes and Godowsky, who were working on colour photography, led to their joining the Research Laboratory and to the introduction of the first multi-layer colour film, Kodachrome, in 1935. Eastman had agreed from the beginning that as much of the laboratory's work as possible should be published, and Mees himself wrote prolifically, publishing over 200 articles and ten books. While he made significant contributions to the understanding of the photographic process, particularly through his early research, it is his creation and organization of the Kodak Research Laboratory that is his lasting memorial. His interests were many and varied, including Egyptology, astronomy, marine biology and history. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS.Bibliography1961, From Dry Plates to Ektachrome Film, New York (partly autobiographical).BCBiographical history of technology > Mees, Charles Edward Kenneth
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