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41 Diapers
The original diaper was of linen, and based on the 5-end sateen weave, woven on the damask principle. The cloth has a smooth, even surface. M shows one form of diaper design, but the design N based on the 8-end sateen, shows the correct method of producing these effects. Cotton diapers are now made and used for towels. Two or three-fold warp is usual, such as 2/16's, 3/24's, with 8's weft. In the cheaper qualities a single yarn 16's is used. The term is also applied to pattern and indicates rectangular shapes either uniform or varied in size and shape and repeated all over the fabric. Diapers like huckabacks are very ancient. They are largely used for toilet purposes. The following are fairly standard: - 3 shaft, 1,200 set X 13 shots, 40's/45's linen. 4 shaft, 1,400 set X 14 shots, 50's/50's linen. 5 shaft, 1,500 set X 15 shots, 40's/45's linen
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42 Glove Silk Hosiery
This term applies to hosiery made out of glove silk and the fabrics used are plain, milanese and fancy tricot. The manufacture of this type of hosiery resembles the manufacture of gloves more than any other garment. For an ordinary " glove silk stocking " seven pieces are required and metal dies are used to cut correctly-shaped pieces from the warp knit silk fabric, just as the various pieces are cut to form a glove. These separate pieces are the leg, heel and upper part of the toe, two heel reinforcing pieces, used to reinforce either side of the heel by having two thicknesses, two toe reinforcing pieces and a rectangular piece for the welt.Dictionary of the English textile terms > Glove Silk Hosiery
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43 Seamless Hosiery
In the making of ladies' seamless hose, the shape of the leg is obtained by modifying the stitch length. The heels and toes are seamless pockets or pouches formed on one side of the hose at the places required, and the toe is subsequently closed by linking. Various improvements have been effected so that heels and toes may be knitted from different yarn to the leg and foot. The part above the heel may be spliced either in a rectangular or triangular form and the sole may be thickened. The upper part of the hose or top may be knitted from another yarn and courses inserted to prevent laddering. " Split-foot " hosiery can also be produced whereby the instep part is knitted simultaneously with, but from different yarn than the sole. Mock seams and fashioning marks may be effected. Tuck lace, plated and embroidered hose, can be produced on a seamless basis. -
44 Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 27 March 1886 Aachen, Germanyd. 17 August 1969 Chicago, USA[br]German architect, third of the great trio of long-lived, second-generation modernists who established the international style in the inter-war years and brought it to maturity (See Jeanneret (Le Corbusier) and Gropius).[br]Mies van der Rohe was the son of a stonemason and his early constructional training came from his father. As a young man he gained experience of the modern school from study of the architecture of the earlier leaders, notably Peter Behrens, Hendrik Berlage and Frank Lloyd Wright. He commenced architectural practice in 1913 and soon after the First World War was establishing his own version of modern architecture. His building materials were always of the highest quality, of marble, stone, glass and, especially, steel. He stripped his designs of all extraneous decoration: more than any of his contemporaries he followed the theme of elegance, functionalism and an ascetic concentration on essentials. He believed that architectural design should not look backwards but should reflect the contemporary achievement of advanced technology in both its construction and the materials used, and he began early in his career to act upon these beliefs. Typical was his early concrete and glass office building of 1922, after which, more importantly, came his designs for the German Pavilion at the Barcelona Exposition of 1929. These designs included his famous Barcelona chair, made from chrome steel and leather in a geometrical design, one which has survived as a classic and is still in production. Another milestone was his Tugendhat House in Brno (1930), a long, low, rectilinear structure in glass and steel that set a pattern for many later buildings of this type. In 1930 Mies followed his colleagues as third Director of the Bauhaus, but due to the rise of National Socialism in Germany it was closed in 1933. He finally left Germany for the USA in 1937, and the following year he took up his post as Director of Architecture in Chicago at what is now known as the Illinois Institute of Technology and where he remained for twenty years. In America Mies van der Rohe continued to develop his work upon his original thesis. His buildings are always recognizable for their elegance, fine proportions, high-quality materials and clean, geometrical forms; nearly all are of glass and steel in rectangular shapes. The structure and design evolved according to the individual needs of each commission, and there were three fundamental types of design. One type was the single or grouped high-rise tower, built for apartments for the wealthy, as in his Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago (1948–51), or for city-centre offices, as in his Seagram Building in New York (1954–8, with Philip Johnson) or his Chicago Federal Centre (1964). Another form was the long, low rectangle based upon the earlier Tugendhat House and seen again in the New National Gallery in Berlin (1965–8). Third, there were the grouped schemes when the commission called for buildings of varied purpose on a single, large site. Here Mies van der Rohe achieved a variety and interest in the different shapes and heights of buildings set out in spatial harmony of landscape. Some examples of this type of scheme were housing estates (Lafayette Park Housing Development in Detroit, 1955–6), while others were for educational, commercial or shopping requirements, as at the Toronto Dominion Centre (1963–9).[br]Further ReadingL.Hilbersheimer, 1956, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Chicago: P.Theobald.Peter Blake, 1960, Mies van der Rohe, Architecture and Structure, Penguin, Pelican. Arthur Drexler, 1960, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, London: Mayflower.Philip Johnson, 1978, Mies van der Rohe, Seeker and Warburg.DYBiographical history of technology > Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig
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45 Stephenson, Robert
[br]b. 16 October 1803 Willington Quay, Northumberland, Englandd. 12 October 1859 London, England[br]English engineer who built the locomotive Rocket and constructed many important early trunk railways.[br]Robert Stephenson's father was George Stephenson, who ensured that his son was educated to obtain the theoretical knowledge he lacked himself. In 1821 Robert Stephenson assisted his father in his survey of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway and in 1822 he assisted William James in the first survey of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway. He then went to Edinburgh University for six months, and the following year Robert Stephenson \& Co. was named after him as Managing Partner when it was formed by himself, his father and others. The firm was to build stationary engines, locomotives and railway rolling stock; in its early years it also built paper-making machinery and did general engineering.In 1824, however, Robert Stephenson accepted, perhaps in reaction to an excess of parental control, an invitation by a group of London speculators called the Colombian Mining Association to lead an expedition to South America to use steam power to reopen gold and silver mines. He subsequently visited North America before returning to England in 1827 to rejoin his father as an equal and again take charge of Robert Stephenson \& Co. There he set about altering the design of steam locomotives to improve both their riding and their steam-generating capacity. Lancashire Witch, completed in July 1828, was the first locomotive mounted on steel springs and had twin furnace tubes through the boiler to produce a large heating surface. Later that year Robert Stephenson \& Co. supplied the Stockton \& Darlington Railway with a wagon, mounted for the first time on springs and with outside bearings. It was to be the prototype of the standard British railway wagon. Between April and September 1829 Robert Stephenson built, not without difficulty, a multi-tubular boiler, as suggested by Henry Booth to George Stephenson, and incorporated it into the locomotive Rocket which the three men entered in the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway's Rainhill Trials in October. Rocket, was outstandingly successful and demonstrated that the long-distance steam railway was practicable.Robert Stephenson continued to develop the locomotive. Northumbrian, built in 1830, had for the first time, a smokebox at the front of the boiler and also the firebox built integrally with the rear of the boiler. Then in Planet, built later the same year, he adopted a layout for the working parts used earlier by steam road-coach pioneer Goldsworthy Gurney, placing the cylinders, for the first time, in a nearly horizontal position beneath the smokebox, with the connecting rods driving a cranked axle. He had evolved the definitive form for the steam locomotive.Also in 1830, Robert Stephenson surveyed the London \& Birmingham Railway, which was authorized by Act of Parliament in 1833. Stephenson became Engineer for construction of the 112-mile (180 km) railway, probably at that date the greatest task ever undertaken in of civil engineering. In this he was greatly assisted by G.P.Bidder, who as a child prodigy had been known as "The Calculating Boy", and the two men were to be associated in many subsequent projects. On the London \& Birmingham Railway there were long and deep cuttings to be excavated and difficult tunnels to be bored, notoriously at Kilsby. The line was opened in 1838.In 1837 Stephenson provided facilities for W.F. Cooke to make an experimental electrictelegraph installation at London Euston. The directors of the London \& Birmingham Railway company, however, did not accept his recommendation that they should adopt the electric telegraph and it was left to I.K. Brunel to instigate the first permanent installation, alongside the Great Western Railway. After Cooke formed the Electric Telegraph Company, Stephenson became a shareholder and was Chairman during 1857–8.Earlier, in the 1830s, Robert Stephenson assisted his father in advising on railways in Belgium and came to be increasingly in demand as a consultant. In 1840, however, he was almost ruined financially as a result of the collapse of the Stanhope \& Tyne Rail Road; in return for acting as Engineer-in-Chief he had unwisely accepted shares, with unlimited liability, instead of a fee.During the late 1840s Stephenson's greatest achievements were the design and construction of four great bridges, as part of railways for which he was responsible. The High Level Bridge over the Tyne at Newcastle and the Royal Border Bridge over the Tweed at Berwick were the links needed to complete the East Coast Route from London to Scotland. For the Chester \& Holyhead Railway to cross the Menai Strait, a bridge with spans as long-as 460 ft (140 m) was needed: Stephenson designed them as wrought-iron tubes of rectangular cross-section, through which the trains would pass, and eventually joined the spans together into a tube 1,511 ft (460 m) long from shore to shore. Extensive testing was done beforehand by shipbuilder William Fairbairn to prove the method, and as a preliminary it was first used for a 400 ft (122 m) span bridge at Conway.In 1847 Robert Stephenson was elected MP for Whitby, a position he held until his death, and he was one of the exhibition commissioners for the Great Exhibition of 1851. In the early 1850s he was Engineer-in-Chief for the Norwegian Trunk Railway, the first railway in Norway, and he also built the Alexandria \& Cairo Railway, the first railway in Africa. This included two tubular bridges with the railway running on top of the tubes. The railway was extended to Suez in 1858 and for several years provided a link in the route from Britain to India, until superseded by the Suez Canal, which Stephenson had opposed in Parliament. The greatest of all his tubular bridges was the Victoria Bridge across the River St Lawrence at Montreal: after inspecting the site in 1852 he was appointed Engineer-in-Chief for the bridge, which was 1 1/2 miles (2 km) long and was designed in his London offices. Sadly he, like Brunel, died young from self-imposed overwork, before the bridge was completed in 1859.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1849. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1849. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1856. Order of St Olaf (Norway). Order of Leopold (Belgium). Like his father, Robert Stephenson refused a knighthood.Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, London: Longman (a good modern biography).J.C.Jeaffreson, 1864, The Life of Robert Stephenson, London: Longman (the standard nine-teenth-century biography).M.R.Bailey, 1979, "Robert Stephenson \& Co. 1823–1829", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 50 (provides details of the early products of that company).J.Kieve, 1973, The Electric Telegraph, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.PJGR -
46 rack
- реечный механизм
- подставка (центрифужный держатель) для пробирок
- перемещать с помощью зубчатой рейки
- открытая стойка
- магазин (для бурильных труб)
- кремальера
- зубчатый рельс
зубчатый рельс
зубчатая рейка
кремальера
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[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
кремальера
Элемент в форме параллелепипеда, несущий на одной из своих поверхностей ряд одинаковых равноотстоящих зубьев
[ ГОСТ 28500-90( ИСО 5288-82)]EN
rack
Toothed member having the form of a rectangular bar, whose teeth may be superimposed by rectilinear translation
[ ГОСТ 28500-90( ИСО 5288-82)]FR
crémaillère
Organe de forme parallélépipédique, et portant sur une de ses faces une série de dents superpo-sables par translation rectiligne
[ ГОСТ 28500-90( ИСО 5288-82)]Тематики
EN
FR
магазин (для бурильных труб)
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
EN
открытая стойка
-
[Интент]
стойка
Стандартизованная стойка для размещения оборудования. Наибольшее распространение получила стойка шириной 19 дюймов
[ http://www.radistr.ru/misc/document423.phtml]
стойка
Конструктив, служащий для установки в него компьютерного и/или сетевого оборудования.
[ http://www.outsourcing.ru/content/glossary/A/page-1.asp]
стойка
Конструкция, предназначенная для удобного, компактного, технологичного и безопасного крепления телекоммуникационного оборудования — серверов, маршрутизаторов, модемов, телефонных станций. Открытые монтажные телекоммуникационные стойки являются альтернативой монтажным шкафам.
Монтажные стойки существуют в 3-х видах: однорамные, двухрамные (конструкция стоек позволяет устанавливать тяжелое оборудование на четырёхточечную фиксацию, что повышает их устойчивость и степень нагрузки) и серверные (специально разработанные для установки в них серверного оборудования); их отличительной особенностью являются повышенная жесткость и прочность конструкции, оптимальный вес, возможность установки дополнительных компонентов.
[ http://www.dtln.ru/slovar-terminov]EN
rack
free-standing or fixed structure for housing electrical and electronic equipment
[IEV number 581-25-03]FR
bâti
structure auto-stable ou fixe prévue pour contenir le matériel électrique et électronique
[IEV number 581-25-03]
1 - Открытая 4-опорная стойка;
2 - ШкафТематики
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Gestell, n
FR
перемещать с помощью зубчатой рейки
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[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
EN
подставка (центрифужный держатель) для пробирок
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[Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А. Англо-русский толковый словарь генетических терминов 1995 407с.]Тематики
EN
реечный механизм
Механизм для отодвигания станка от устья скважины во время операций с трубами
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > rack
См. также в других словарях:
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rectangular — rec•tan•gu•lar [[t]rɛkˈtæŋ gyə lər[/t]] adj. 1) math. shaped like a rectangle 2) math. having a base or section in the form of a rectangle: a rectangular pyramid[/ex] 3) math. having one or more right angles 4) math. forming a right angle •… … From formal English to slang
rectangular — /rɛkˈtæŋgjələ/ (say rek tanggyuhluh) adjective 1. shaped like a rectangle. 2. having the base or section in the form of a rectangle. 3. having right angles or a right angle. 4. forming a right angle. –rectangularity /rɛkˌtæŋgjəˈlærəti/ (say… …
wave form — noun the shape of a wave illustrated graphically by plotting the values of the period quantity against time • Syn: ↑waveform, ↑wave shape • Hypernyms: ↑wave, ↑undulation * * * noun : a curve that represents the condition of a wave propagating… … Useful english dictionary
furniture — furnitureless, adj. /ferr ni cheuhr/, n. 1. the movable articles, as tables, chairs, desks or cabinets, required for use or ornament in a house, office, or the like. 2. fittings, apparatus, or necessary accessories for something. 3. equipment for … Universalium
History of cartography — The Fra Mauro map, one of the greatest memorial of medieval cartography, was made around 1450 by the Venetian monk Fra Mauro. It is a circular world map drawn on parchment and set in a wooden frame, about two meters in diameter Cartography (from… … Wikipedia
square — /skwɛə / (say skwair) noun 1. a four sided plane having all its sides equal and all its angles right angles. 2. anything having this form or a form approximating it. 3. one of the rectangular or otherwise shaped divisions of a game board, as a… …
Complex number — A complex number can be visually represented as a pair of numbers forming a vector on a diagram called an Argand diagram, representing the complex plane. Re is the real axis, Im is the imaginary axis, and i is the square root of –1. A complex… … Wikipedia
