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81 Gilbert, Thomas
[br]b. 1720 Cotton Hall, Cotton, Staffordshire, Englandd. 18 December 1798[br]English politician, mine and canal entrepreneur.[br]He was the older brother of John Gilbert and, trained as a lawyer, he became Land Agent to Earl Gower and Legal Adviser to the Duke of Bridgewater (Francis Egerton). Brindley had carried out work for Gilbert on the Gower estates and the standard of work impressed him. In 1759 he recommended Brindley to his brother at Worsley as a competent engineer who would be valuable in the construction of the new canal. Gilbert became Member of Parliament for Newcastle under Lyme in 1763 and was thus able to sponsor the Trent and Mersey Bill when it came before Parliament. He joined the committee of the Trent and Mersey, representing the interests of both Earl Gower and himself. He was also involved with the East Shropshire mines and canals with his brother. He continued as a Member of Parliament (until 1768 for Newcastle and afterwards for Lichfield) until December 1794.[br]Further ReadingP.Lead, 1990, Agents of Revolution: John and Thomas Gilbert—Entrepreneurs, Keele University Centre for Local History.JHB -
82 Gillott, Joseph
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 1799 Sheffield, Yorkshire d. 1877[br]English maker of steel pens.[br]The name Joseph Gillott became synonymous with pen making at a time when the basic equipment for writing was undergoing a change. The quill pen had served writers for centuries, but attempts had been made since the seventeenth century to improve on it. The first major technical development was the steel nib, which began to be made c.1829. The steel nib was still little known in Birmingham in 1839, but ten years later it was in common use. Its stiffness was at first a drawback, but Gillott was among the first to improve its flexibility by introducing three slots, which later became standard practice. Mechanical methods of manufacture made the pen cheaper and improved its quality. In 1840 Gillott issued a "precept" informing the public that he was pen maker to the Queen and that he had been manufacturing pens for twenty years at his Victoria Works in Birmingham. He announced the successful reception by the public of his new patent pen. There were also special "warranted school" pens designed for the various grades of writing taught in schools. Finally, he warned against inferior imitations and recommended the public to buy only those pens stamped with his name.[br]Further ReadingJ.T.Bunce and S.Timmins, c.1880 Joseph Gillott 1799–1877: A Sketch of His Life.H.Bore, 1890, The Story of the Invention of the Steel Pen, London.J.Whalley, 1975, Writing Implements and Accessories, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.LRD -
83 Outram, Benjamin
[br]b. 1 April 1764 Alfreton, Englandd. 22 May 1805 London, England[br]English ironmaster and engineer of canals and tramroads, protagonist of angled plate rails in place of edge rails.[br]Outram's father was one of the principal promoters of the Cromford Canal, Derbyshire, and Benjamin Outram became Assistant to the canal's Engineer, William Jessop. In 1789 Outram was appointed Superintendent in charge of construction, and his responsibilities included the 2,978 yd (2,723 m) Butterley Tunnel; while the tunnel was being driven, coal and iron ore were encountered. Outram and a partner purchased the Butterley Hall estate above the tunnel and formed Outram \& Co. to exploit the coal and iron: a wide length of the tunnel beneath the company's furnace was linked to the surface by shafts to become in effect an underground wharf. Jessop soon joined the company, which grew and prospered to eventually become the long-lived Butterley Company.As a canal engineer, Outram's subsequent projects included the Derby, Huddersfield Narrow and Peak Forest Canals. On the Derby Canal he built a small iron aqueduct, which though designed later than the Longdon Aqueduct of Thomas Telford was opened earlier, in 1796, to become the first iron aqueduct.It is as a tramroad engineer that Outram is best known. In 1793 he completed a mile-long (1.6 km) tramroad from Outram \& Co.'s limestone quarry at Crich to the Cromford Canal, for which he used plate rails of the type recently developed by John Curr. He was, however, able to use a wider gauge—3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m) between the flanges—and larger wagons than Curr had been able to use underground in mines. It appears to have been Outram's idea to mount the rails on stone blocks, rather than wooden sleepers.Outram then engineered tramroads to extend the lines of the Derby and Peak Forest Canals. He encouraged construction of such tramroads in many parts of Britain, often as feeders of traffic to canals. He acted as Engineer, and his company often provided the rails and sometimes undertook the entire construction of a line. Foreseeing that lines would be linked together, he recommended a gauge of 4 ft 2 in. (1.27 m) between the flanges as standard, and for twenty years or so Outram's plateways, with horses or gravity as motive power, became the usual form of construction for new railways. However, experience then showed that edge rails, weight for weight, could carry greater load, and were indeed almost essential for the introduction of steam locomotives.[br]Further ReadingR.B.Schofield, 1986, "The design and construction of the Cromford Canal, 1788–1794", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 57 (provides good coverage of Outram's early career).P.J.Riden, 1973, The Butterley Company and railway construction, 1790–1830', Transport History 6(1) (covers Outram's development of tramroads).R.A.Mott, 1969, Tramroads of the eighteenth century and their originator: John Curr', Transactions of the Newcomen Society 42."Dowie" (A.R.Cowlishaw, J.H.Price and R.G.P. Tebb), 1971, The Crich Mineral Railways, Crich: Tramway Publications.PJGR -
84 and
Accident Investigation and Prevention SectionСекция расследования и предотвращения авиационных происшествий(ИКАО) Aerodromes, Air Routes and Ground Aids SectionСекция аэродромов, воздушных трасс и наземных средств(ИКАО) Aeronautical Information and Chart SectionСекция аэронавигационной информации и карт(ИКАО) airways and air communications serviceслужба воздушных сообщенийangle-of-attack, slip and acceleration warning systemсистема автоматической сигнализации углов атаки, скольжения и перегрузокbrake rotor and stator assemblyпакет тормозных дисков колеса шассиBureau of Administration and ServicesАдминистративно-хозяйственное управлениеconventional takeoff and landing aircraftвоздушное судно обычной схемы взлета и посадкиcost and freightстоимость и фрахтEconomics and Statistics BranchЭкономико-статистический отделFacilitation and Joint Financing BranchОтдел упрощения формальностей и совместного финансированияfares and rates agreementсоглашение по пассажирским и грузовым тарифамfares and rates enforcementвведение в действие пассажирских и грузовых тарифовfits and clearances cardкарта допусков и посадокfits and clearances tableтаблица допусков и посадокGeneral Conference of Weights and MeasureГенеральная конференция по мерам и весамInternational Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot AssociationsМеждународный совет ассоциаций владельцев воздушных судов и пилотовInterpretation, Terminology and Reference SectionСекция синхронного перевода, терминологии и справок(ИКАО) joint civil and military aerodromeаэродром совместного базирования гражданского и военных воздушных судовlanding gear is down and lockedшасси выпущено и установлено на замки выпущенного положенияlifting and transporting equipmentподъемно-транспортное оборудованиеload and trim sheetграфик загрузки и центровкиonboard weight and balance systemбортовая система определения массы и центровкиPersonnel Licensing and Training Practices SectionСекция свидетельств и подготовки личного состава(ИКАО) recommendations for standards, practices and proceduresрекомендации по стандартам, практике и правиламRecruitment and Placement SectionСекция найма и оформления(ИКАО) reduced takeoff and landing aircraftвоздушное судно укороченного взлета и посадкиRegistry and Achieves UnitСектор регистрации и архивовRegistry and Distribution SectionСекция регистрации и распространения(ИКАО) rotocraft snow and dust testиспытание вертолета в условиях снежного и пыльного вихрейsearch and rescue aircraftпоисково-спасательное воздушное судноsearch and rescue areaрайон поиска и спасанияsearch and rescue centerцентр поиска и спасанияsearch and rescue operationsпоисково-спасательные работыsearch and rescue procedureпорядок поиска и спасенияsearch and rescue regionрайон поиска и спасанияsearch and rescue serviceслужба поиска и спасанияsearch and rescue systemсистема поиска и спасанияsearch and rescue worksпоисково-спасательные работыsee and avoid capabilityспособность видеть и избегатьsee and avoid operationsдействия по обнаружению и уходуShopping and Mail UnitЭкспедицияshort takeoff and landing aircraftвоздушное судно короткого взлета и посадкиshowers of rain and snowливневый дождь со снегомstandard and recommended practiceстандарты и рекомендуемая практикаtake-off and landing characteristicsвзлетно-посадочные характеристикиtool and equipment listперечень инструмента и приспособленийvertical takeoff and landing aircraftвоздушное судно вертикального взлета и посадкиweight and balance controlledдиспетчер по загрузке и центровкеweight and balance dataвесовые и центровочные данные -
85 practice
aircraft maintenance practiceтехнология технического обслуживания воздушного суднаPersonnel Licensing and Training Practices SectionСекция свидетельств и подготовки личного состава(ИКАО) practice aircraftтренировочное воздушное судноpractice flightтренировочный полетpractice low approachтренировочный заход на посадкуpractice operationтренировочный полетpractice takeoffтренировочный взлетrecommendations for standards, practices and proceduresрекомендации по стандартам, практике и правиламsafe practiceтехника безопасностиsafety practiceправила обеспечения безопасностиstandard and recommended practiceстандарты и рекомендуемая практикаtraining practiceпрактика обучения -
86 floating floor
пол плавающий
Пол, отделённый от основания и стен амортизирующими прослойками или изолирующими устройствами для повышения звукоизоляции смежных помещений
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]EN
floating floor
The upper layer of floor construction supported on battens, mountings or a resilient sheet membrane of damping material such as expanded polystyrene or mineral wool to provide acoustic isolation.
floating floor
A floating floor is a floor that does not need to be nailed or glued to the subfloor. The term floating floor refers to the installation method, but is often used synonymously with laminate flooring in a domestic context.
A sprung floor is a special type of floating floor designed to enhance sports or dance performance. In general though the term refers to a floor used to reduce noise or vibration.
A domestic floating floor might be constructed over a subfloor or even over an existing floor. It can consist of a glass fibre, felt or cork layer for sound insulation with neoprene pads holding up a laminate floor. There is a gap between the floating floor and the walls to decouple them and allow for expansion; this gap is covered with skirting boards or mouldings.
Floating floors as used in sound studios can be either just larger versions of the domestic variety, or much larger constructions with slabs of concrete to keep the resonance frequency down. The manufacture of integrated circuits uses massive floating floors with hundreds of tons in weight of concrete to avoid vibration affecting mask alignment.
Floating floors are one of the requirements for the THX high-fidelity sound reproduction standard for movie theaters, screening rooms, home theaters, computer speakers, gaming consoles, and car audio systems.
While floating floors add to the appeal of a home, they are not recommended for areas that may get wet, i.e. bathrooms and near exterior doors.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_floor]Тематики
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Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > floating floor
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