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81 Ericsson, John
[br]b. 31 July 1803 Farnebo, Swedend. 8 March 1899 New York, USA[br]Swedish (naturalized American 1848) engineer and inventor.[br]The son of a mine owner and inspector, Ericsson's first education was private and haphazard. War with Russia disrupted the mines and the father secured a position on the Gotha Canal, then under construction. He enrolled John, then aged 13, and another son as cadets in a corps of military engineers engaged on the canal. There John was given a sound education and training in the physical sciences and engineering. At the age of 17 he decided to enlist in the Army, and on receiving a commission he was drafted to cartographic survey duties. After some years he decided that a career outside the Army offered him the best opportunities, and in 1826 he moved to London to pursue a career of mechanical invention.Ericsson first developed a heat (external combustion) engine, which proved unsuccessful. Three years later he designed and constructed the steam locomotive Novelty, which he entered in the Rainhill locomotive trials on the new Liverpool \& Manchester Railway. The engine began by performing promisingly, but it later broke down and failed to complete the test runs. Later he devised a self-regulating lead (1835) and then, more important and successful, he invented the screw propeller, patented in 1835 and installed in his first screw-propelled ship of 1839. This work was carried out independently of Sir Francis Pettit Smith, who contemporaneously developed a four-bladed propeller that was adopted by the British Admiralty. Ericsson saw that with screw propulsion the engine could be below the waterline, a distinct advantage in warships. He crossed the Atlantic to interest the American government in his ideas and became a naturalized citizen in 1848. He pioneered the gun turret for mounting heavy guns on board ship. Ericsson came into his own during the American Civil War, with the construction of the epoch-making warship Monitor, a screw-propelled ironclad with gun turret. This vessel demonstrated its powers in a signal victory at Hampton Roads on 9 March 1862.Ericsson continued to design warships and torpedoes, pointing out to President Lincoln that success in war would now depend on technological rather than numerical superiority. Meanwhile he continued to pursue his interest in heat engines, and from 1870 to 1888 he spent much of his time and resources in pursuing research into alternative energy sources, such as solar power, gravitation and tidal forces.[br]Further ReadingW.C.Church, 1891, Life of John Ericsson, 2 vols, London.LRD -
82 opening
отключение; отверстие; проходка; пролёт; проём; внутренний габарит; выработка -
83 станция
авиационная фиксированная станцияaeronautical fixed station(авиационная фиксированная радиостанция) адрес запроса, передаваемого наземной станциейground interrogation addressаэродромная аккумуляторная зарядная станцияaerodrome accumulator plantаэродромная радиолокационная станцияterminal radarбереговая станцияshore stationближняя радиолокационная станцияinner locatorбортовая радиолокационная станцияairborne radarведущая станцияmaster stationвертолетная станцияhelicopter stationвызов всех станцийall stations callглавная радиолокационная станцияmaster radar stationдальняя радиолокационная станцияouter locatorзарядная станцияcharging setзаход на посадку по командам наземных станцийadvisory approachиндекс станцииstation designatorиспытательная станцияengine test baseиспытательная станция воздушных судовaircraft test stationкислородная зарядная станцияoxygen-supply truckкоммерческая радиовещательная станцияcommercial broadcast stationлетно-испытательная станцияflight-test centerмасштаб развертки на экране радиолокационной станцииrange marker spacingметеорологическая радиолокационная станцияmeteorological radar stationметеорологическая станцияmeteorological stationнаведение по лучу радиолокационной станцииradar beam ridingназемная радиолокационная станцияground-based radarназемная станция1. ground station(обеспечения полетов) 2. earth station (обеспечения полетов) 3. land station (обеспечения полетов) насосная станцияpumping unitокеанский корабль - станцияocean station vesselоператор радиолокационной станцииradarmanопределение местоположения по пеленгу одной станцииone-station fixingпеленгаторная станция1. homer2. directing station пеленг станцииstation bearingпередающая станция1. transmitting station2. transmitting end 3. sending station передвижная станция технического обслуживанияmobile ship stationподвижная радиолокационная станцияmobile locatorпожарная станцияfire stationполет в направлении на станциюflight inbound the stationполет в направлении от станцииflight outbound the stationполет по наземным ориентирам или по командам наземных станцийreference flightпосадочная радиопеленгаторная станцияlanding direction-finding stationпринимающая станцияreceiving endрадиолокационная станция1. radar set2. position-radar station 3. compass locator 4. position-fixing station радиолокационная станция дальнего действияlong-range radarрадиолокационная станция наблюденияindication radarрадиолокационная станция наведения1. guidance radar2. control radar радиолокационная станция сопровожденияradar-tracking stationрадиопеленгаторная станция1. radio direction-finding station2. radio compass station ретрансляционная станция1. repeater station2. relay station сеть метеорологических станцийmeteorological networkсеть радиолокационных станцийradar netсредняя радиолокационная станцияmiddle locatorстанция аэронавигационной информацииaeronautical advisory stationстанция глушения радиосвязиjamming stationстанция дальнего обнаруженияearly warning stationстанция оповещенияwarning stationстанция предупреждения столкновенийcollision warning stationстанция слеженияtrackerстанция службы обеспечения полетовflight service stationстанция сопровожденияtrack station -
84 ἑτοιμάζω
ἑτοιμάζω fut. ἑτοιμάσω; 1 aor. ἡτοίμασα; pf. ἡτοίμακα. Pass.: fut. ἑτοιμασθήσομαι LXX; 1 aor. ἡτοιμάσθην; pf. pass. ἡτοίμασμαι (s. ἑτοιμασία, ἕτοιμος; Hom.+) to cause to be ready, put/keep in readiness, prepareⓐ of things that are being put in readiness τὶ someth.: prepare a way Mt 3:3; Mk 1:3; Lk 3:4 (all three Is 40:3; cp. J 1:23 εὐθύνω [q.v.]; 1:76; Rv 16:12; a pyre MPol 13:2; a meal (Gen 43:16; EpArist 181; TestAbr B 4 p. 108, 14f [Stone p. 64]; JosAs 3:6) Mt 22:4; Lk 17:8; cp. 1 Cl 39:9; τὸ πάσχα (q.v.) Mt 26:19; Mk 14:16; Lk 22:13; cp. GEb 308, 31.—Mk 15:1 v.l.; Lk 23:56; 24:1. ἃ ἡτοίμασας what you have prepared 12:20. Of possessions Hs 1:1, 2, 4.—τινί τι someth. for someone Hs 1:6. θηρίων τῶν ἐμοὶ ἡτοιμασμένων the beast held in readiness for me IRo 5:2. Of the preparations for receiving and entertaining someone (PTebt 592 … σοῦ ταχὺ ἐρχομένου … ἡτοιμάκειν σοι πάντα; POxy 1299, 9; 1490, 7; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 19 and 28 [Stone p. 8]) ἑτοίμαζέ μοι ξενίαν Phlm 22. ἑ. τινὶ τόπον J 14:2, 3 (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 53 §219 of those who go before, who ἀσφαλῆ τὰ ἐκεῖ προετοιμάσαι=prepare a safe place there [for those who follow]; 1 Ch 15:1). So also without an object acc. ἑ. τινί make preparations for someone Lk 9:52. In a different sense prepare (a meal) Mk 14:15. Abs. (1 Esdr 1:4; Jer 26:14; Job 28:27) Lk 12:47; 22:9, 12. ὁλοκαύτωμα δεκτὸν τῷ θεῷ ἡτοιμασμένον MPol 14:1. τινί w. inf. foll. Mt 26:17. W. ἵνα foll. Mk 14:12. τινί τι w. ἵνα foll. Lk 22:8.—ἡτοιμασμένος ready, prepared εἴς τι for someth. (3 Macc 6:31) of a vessel 2 Ti 2:21; of horses εἰς πόλεμον Rv 9:7 (cp. Pr 21:31 ἵππος ἑτοιμάζεται εἰς ἡμέραν πολέμου, also 1 Macc 13:22; 12:27; TestLevi 3:2 v.l.; fig. of building stones IEph 9:1.).—S. also pass. in b end, beg. w. Mk 10:40.ⓑ Of pers. (En 99:3; TestJob 43:14; Jos., Vi. 203) ἑ. στρατιώτας Ac 23:23 (AMeuwese, De rer. gest. Divi Augusti vers. graeca 1920, 82). Of a bride Rv 21:2. ἑ. ἑαυτόν prepare oneself (Ezk 38:7; ParJer 6:6; 9:11; cp. POslo 88, 13 ἑτοιμάζεσθαι ἑαυτόν) 19:7; w. ἵνα foll. 8:6. Ἰωσὴφ ἡτοιμάσθη τοῦ ἐξελθεῖν Joseph prepared to leave GJs 21:1. W. εἰς foll. (Appian, Mithrid. 26 §103; PsSol 10:2 νῶτον εἰς μάστιγας). Of angels ἡτοιμασμένοι εἰς τ. ὥραν held in readiness for that hour Rv 9:15. Of Jesus, ὸ̔ς εἰς τοῦτο ἡτοιμάσθη, ἵνα B 14:5. God comes ἐφʼ οὓς τ. πνεῦμα ἡτοίμασεν to those whom the Spirit has prepared D 4:10; B 19:7. Of a people that is made ready (2 Km 7:24) B 3:6; 5:7; 14:6; τῷ κυρίῳ (Sir 49:12) Lk 1:17. Here God is referred to several times as the one who brought the preparation about, and in the following pass. God appears explictly as subject: w. pers. or thing as obj. (Ex 23:20; En 25:7; PsSol 5:10; χορτάσματα … παντὶ ζῶντι; JosAs 8:11 κατάπαυσιν … τοῖς ἐκλεκτοῖς; ApcEsdr 6:17 and 21 ὁ στέφανός σοι ἡτοίμασται) Mt 20:23; βασιλείαν 25:34; D 10:5. πῦρ Mt 25:41.—Mk 10:40; Lk 2:31; 1 Cor 2:9=1 Cl 34:8 (quot. of unknown orig.); cp. 2 Cl 14:5; Hb 11:16 (πόλιν ἑ. as Hab 2:12); Rv 12:6; 1 Cl 35:3; Dg 8:11.—M-M. TW. -
85 וריד
וָרִידm. ( ירד, cmp. יָרִיד a. יַרְדֵּן) the large blood vessel, jugular vein (leading from the head to the heart).Pl. וְורִידִין. Ḥull.II, 1 עד שישחוט את הו׳ he must sever the jugular veins; Tosef. ib. II, 1.Zeb.25a sq. צריך שיתן וו׳וכ׳ he must let the blood of the jugular veins run into the center of the receiving bowl. Ber.8b; Snh.96a הוהרו בוו׳ be careful in slaughtering that you sever the veins, v. supra; a. e. -
86 וָרִיד
וָרִידm. ( ירד, cmp. יָרִיד a. יַרְדֵּן) the large blood vessel, jugular vein (leading from the head to the heart).Pl. וְורִידִין. Ḥull.II, 1 עד שישחוט את הו׳ he must sever the jugular veins; Tosef. ib. II, 1.Zeb.25a sq. צריך שיתן וו׳וכ׳ he must let the blood of the jugular veins run into the center of the receiving bowl. Ber.8b; Snh.96a הוהרו בוו׳ be careful in slaughtering that you sever the veins, v. supra; a. e. -
87 כינוס
כִּינּוּס, כִּנּ׳m. (כָּנַס) 1) gathering, piling up. Kel. XV, 5 העשוי לכ׳ a vessel used for piling up (shovel), opp. לקבלה as a receptacle. Nidd.49b כ׳ע״י הדחק receiving (absorbing) liquids under pressure (through pores, perforations) B. Bath.68a בית כ׳ העצים (Ms. O. כּוֹנֵס; Tosef. ib. III, 3 כְּנִיסַת) store-room for wood. Snh.VIII, 5 כ׳ לרשעים כו׳ gathering (living together) of the wicked is bad, opp. פִּיזּוּר. Y.Kidd.I, 59d top מקום כ׳ שיער a spot of the body where hair grows in quantities. Gen. R. s. 32 (ref. to Gen. 7:5) זה שיכון לכ׳וכ׳ this is the execution of the command to gather in the animals. Midr. Till. to Ps. 8 (ref. to ויצר, Gen. 2:19) לשון כ׳ it means the gathering (the animals before Adam); Gen. R. s. 17 וכאן לכבוש (corr. acc.); a. fr. 2) (cmp. כְּנֶסֶת) retirement for prayer. Ib. s. 84, beg. (ref. to קבוציך, Is. 57:13) כִּינּוּסוֹוכ׳ בניווכ׳ his (Jacobs) and his sons prayers saved him ; Yalk. Gen. 140; Yalk. Is. 349. -
88 כנ׳
כִּינּוּס, כִּנּ׳m. (כָּנַס) 1) gathering, piling up. Kel. XV, 5 העשוי לכ׳ a vessel used for piling up (shovel), opp. לקבלה as a receptacle. Nidd.49b כ׳ע״י הדחק receiving (absorbing) liquids under pressure (through pores, perforations) B. Bath.68a בית כ׳ העצים (Ms. O. כּוֹנֵס; Tosef. ib. III, 3 כְּנִיסַת) store-room for wood. Snh.VIII, 5 כ׳ לרשעים כו׳ gathering (living together) of the wicked is bad, opp. פִּיזּוּר. Y.Kidd.I, 59d top מקום כ׳ שיער a spot of the body where hair grows in quantities. Gen. R. s. 32 (ref. to Gen. 7:5) זה שיכון לכ׳וכ׳ this is the execution of the command to gather in the animals. Midr. Till. to Ps. 8 (ref. to ויצר, Gen. 2:19) לשון כ׳ it means the gathering (the animals before Adam); Gen. R. s. 17 וכאן לכבוש (corr. acc.); a. fr. 2) (cmp. כְּנֶסֶת) retirement for prayer. Ib. s. 84, beg. (ref. to קבוציך, Is. 57:13) כִּינּוּסוֹוכ׳ בניווכ׳ his (Jacobs) and his sons prayers saved him ; Yalk. Gen. 140; Yalk. Is. 349. -
89 כִּינּוּס
כִּינּוּס, כִּנּ׳m. (כָּנַס) 1) gathering, piling up. Kel. XV, 5 העשוי לכ׳ a vessel used for piling up (shovel), opp. לקבלה as a receptacle. Nidd.49b כ׳ע״י הדחק receiving (absorbing) liquids under pressure (through pores, perforations) B. Bath.68a בית כ׳ העצים (Ms. O. כּוֹנֵס; Tosef. ib. III, 3 כְּנִיסַת) store-room for wood. Snh.VIII, 5 כ׳ לרשעים כו׳ gathering (living together) of the wicked is bad, opp. פִּיזּוּר. Y.Kidd.I, 59d top מקום כ׳ שיער a spot of the body where hair grows in quantities. Gen. R. s. 32 (ref. to Gen. 7:5) זה שיכון לכ׳וכ׳ this is the execution of the command to gather in the animals. Midr. Till. to Ps. 8 (ref. to ויצר, Gen. 2:19) לשון כ׳ it means the gathering (the animals before Adam); Gen. R. s. 17 וכאן לכבוש (corr. acc.); a. fr. 2) (cmp. כְּנֶסֶת) retirement for prayer. Ib. s. 84, beg. (ref. to קבוציך, Is. 57:13) כִּינּוּסוֹוכ׳ בניווכ׳ his (Jacobs) and his sons prayers saved him ; Yalk. Gen. 140; Yalk. Is. 349. -
90 כִּנּ׳
כִּינּוּס, כִּנּ׳m. (כָּנַס) 1) gathering, piling up. Kel. XV, 5 העשוי לכ׳ a vessel used for piling up (shovel), opp. לקבלה as a receptacle. Nidd.49b כ׳ע״י הדחק receiving (absorbing) liquids under pressure (through pores, perforations) B. Bath.68a בית כ׳ העצים (Ms. O. כּוֹנֵס; Tosef. ib. III, 3 כְּנִיסַת) store-room for wood. Snh.VIII, 5 כ׳ לרשעים כו׳ gathering (living together) of the wicked is bad, opp. פִּיזּוּר. Y.Kidd.I, 59d top מקום כ׳ שיער a spot of the body where hair grows in quantities. Gen. R. s. 32 (ref. to Gen. 7:5) זה שיכון לכ׳וכ׳ this is the execution of the command to gather in the animals. Midr. Till. to Ps. 8 (ref. to ויצר, Gen. 2:19) לשון כ׳ it means the gathering (the animals before Adam); Gen. R. s. 17 וכאן לכבוש (corr. acc.); a. fr. 2) (cmp. כְּנֶסֶת) retirement for prayer. Ib. s. 84, beg. (ref. to קבוציך, Is. 57:13) כִּינּוּסוֹוכ׳ בניווכ׳ his (Jacobs) and his sons prayers saved him ; Yalk. Gen. 140; Yalk. Is. 349.
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