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1 рецептор
1) Biology: end organ2) Medicine: ceptor, detecting element, end-organ, neuroceptor (нейро), pacefollower, receptive body, receptor, sense body, sensitive element, sensor3) Psychology: sensory receptor4) Electronics: receptor unit5) Immunology: molecular switcher6) Ecology: receptor area7) Aviation medicine: information-receiving cell, receptor cell9) Makarov: IgE-binding factor, binding site, receiver, receptor (объект, подвергшийся воздействию загрязнителей), synaptic site -
2 рецепторная клетка
1) Mathematics: receptor cell2) Aviation medicine: information-receiving cellУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > рецепторная клетка
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3 рецепторная клетка
receptor cell, information-receiving cell -
4 рецептор
м., НФЗЛ(re)ceptor, end organ, sense receptor, sensory receptor, sensor, information-receiving cell- вестибулярный рецептор
- вкусовой рецептор
- внутренний рецептор
- волосковый рецептор
- вторично чувствующий рецептор
- дистантный рецептор
- дистанционный рецептор
- зрительный рецептор
- интероцептивный рецептор
- ионотропные рецепторы
- кинестетический рецептор
- клеточный рецептор
- кожный рецептор
- контактный рецептор
- лабиринтный рецептор
- метаботропные рецепторы
- мышечный рецептор
- наружный рецептор
- неадаптирующийся рецептор
- обонятельный рецептор
- опиатный рецептор
- первично чувствующий рецептор
- периферический рецептор
- проприоцептивный рецептор
- ретинальный рецептор
- рецептор в кожном покрове
- рецептор в мышце
- рецептор давления
- рецептор растяжения
- рецептор Руффини
- рецептор, воспринимающий излучение
- рецептор, раздражение которого повышает благополучие организма
- рецепторы в сетчатке глаза
- сенсорный рецептор
- сетчаточный рецептор
- слуховой рецептор
- соматический рецептор
- специализированный рецептор
- тактильный рецептор
- температурный рецептор
- тепловой рецептор
- физиологический рецептор
- холодовый рецептор
- чувствительный рецептор
- экстероцептивный рецептор -
5 Bacon, Francis Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 21 December 1904 Billericay, Englandd. 24 May 1992 Little Shelford, Cambridge, England[br]English mechanical engineer, a pioneer in the modern phase of fuel-cell development.[br]After receiving his education at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, Bacon served with C.A. Parsons at Newcastle upon Tyne from 1925 to 1940. From 1946 to 1956 he carried out research on Hydrox fuel cells at Cambridge University and was a consultant on fuel-cell design to a number of organizations throughout the rest of his life.Sir William Grove was the first to observe that when oxygen and hydrogen were supplied to platinum electrodes immersed in sulphuric acid a current was produced in an external circuit, but he did not envisage this as a practical source of electrical energy. In the 1930s Bacon started work to develop a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell that operated at moderate temperatures and pressures using an alkaline electrolyte. In 1940 he was appointed to a post at King's College, London, and there, with the support of the Admiralty, he started full-time experimental work on fuel cells. His brief was to produce a power source for the propulsion of submarines. The following year he was posted as a temporary experimental officer to the Anti-Submarine Experimental Establishment at Fairlie, Ayrshire, and he remained there until the end of the Second World War.In 1946 he joined the Department of Chemical Engineering at Cambridge, receiving a small amount of money from the Electrical Research Association. Backing came six years later from the National Research and Development Corporation (NRDC), the development of the fuel cell being transferred to Marshalls of Cambridge, where Bacon was appointed Consultant.By 1959, after almost twenty years of individual effort, he was able to demonstrate a 6 kW (8 hp) power unit capable of driving a small truck. Bacon appreciated that when substantial power was required over long periods the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell associated with high-pressure gas storage would be more compact than conventional secondary batteries.The development of the fuel-cell system pioneered by Bacon was stimulated by a particular need for a compact, lightweight source of power in the United States space programme. Electro-chemical generators using hydrogen-oxygen cells were chosen to provide the main supplies on the Apollo spacecraft for landing on the surface of the moon in 1969. An added advantage of the cells was that they simultaneously provided water. NRDC was largely responsible for the forma-tion of Energy Conversion Ltd, a company that was set up to exploit Bacon's patents and to manufacture fuel cells, and which was supported by British Ropes Ltd, British Petroleum and Guest, Keen \& Nettlefold Ltd at Basingstoke. Bacon was their full-time consultant. In 1971 Energy Conversion's operation was moved to the UK Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell, as Fuel Cells Ltd. Bacon remained with them until he retired in 1973.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsOBE 1967. FRS 1972. Royal Society S.G. Brown Medal 1965. Royal Aeronautical Society British Silver Medal 1969.Bibliography27 February 1952, British patent no. 667,298 (hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell). 1963, contribution in W.Mitchell (ed.), Fuel Cells, New York, pp. 130–92.1965, contribution in B.S.Baker (ed.), Hydrocarbon Fuel Cell Technology, New York, pp. 1–7.Further ReadingObituary, 1992, Daily Telegraph (8 June).A.McDougal, 1976, Fuel Cells, London (makes an acknowledgement of Bacon's contribution to the design and application of fuel cells).D.P.Gregory, 1972, Fuel Cells, London (a concise introduction to fuel-cell technology).GW -
6 receptor
adj.receiving, recipient, collector.m.1 radio receiver, receiver.2 recipient, collector.3 catcher.4 recipient, person who receives an organ from a donor.5 receiver, person who receives a message by radio or telegraph.6 receptor, receptor cell.* * *► adjetivo1 receiving► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 receiver, recipient1 (de radio etc) receiver————————1 (de radio etc) receiver* * *(f. - receptora)noun* * *receptor, -a1.SM (Elec, Radio, TV) receiver2. SM / F1) (Med) recipient2) (Béisbol) catcher; [en fútbol americano] receiver3) (Ling) recipient* * *- tora masculino, femenino1) (Med, Ling) recipient2) (Dep) ( en fútbol americano) receiver; ( en béisbol) catcher3) receptor masculino (Rad) radio, receiver; (TV) television (receiver o set)* * *= receiver, receiving, recipient, receptor, downstream, host.Ex. Swedish Radio has conducted a trial of its teletext service, Extratext, by allocating teletext receivers to people with impaired hearing.Ex. Expert service is paid for by a reduction in the receiving department's establishment unless there can be similar levels of 'export' of servicing to other departments.Ex. He is the recipient of the Margaret Man Citation, the Beta Phi Award for good teaching, and the honorary Doctor of Laws from UCLA.Ex. The primary role of strategic information is to convince the receptor to make a decision favourable to the information provider (initiator).Ex. Downstream stations should know the transmission requirements of upstream stations in the early stages of transmission.Ex. The article is entitled 'The perfect match - parasite & host: made for each other'.----* adaptador de receptor = host adaptor.* de emisor a receptor = downstream.* de receptor a emisor = upstream.* interfaz de receptor = host interface.* por el receptor = at the receiving end.* receptor de anualidad = annuitant.* receptor de renta vitalicia = annuitant.* ser receptor de = be in receipt of.* transmisor receptor = transceiver.* * *- tora masculino, femenino1) (Med, Ling) recipient2) (Dep) ( en fútbol americano) receiver; ( en béisbol) catcher3) receptor masculino (Rad) radio, receiver; (TV) television (receiver o set)* * *= receiver, receiving, recipient, receptor, downstream, host.Ex: Swedish Radio has conducted a trial of its teletext service, Extratext, by allocating teletext receivers to people with impaired hearing.
Ex: Expert service is paid for by a reduction in the receiving department's establishment unless there can be similar levels of 'export' of servicing to other departments.Ex: He is the recipient of the Margaret Man Citation, the Beta Phi Award for good teaching, and the honorary Doctor of Laws from UCLA.Ex: The primary role of strategic information is to convince the receptor to make a decision favourable to the information provider (initiator).Ex: Downstream stations should know the transmission requirements of upstream stations in the early stages of transmission.Ex: The article is entitled 'The perfect match - parasite & host: made for each other'.* adaptador de receptor = host adaptor.* de emisor a receptor = downstream.* de receptor a emisor = upstream.* interfaz de receptor = host interface.* por el receptor = at the receiving end.* receptor de anualidad = annuitant.* receptor de renta vitalicia = annuitant.* ser receptor de = be in receipt of.* transmisor receptor = transceiver.* * *países receptores de esta tecnología countries which receive o which are recipients of this technologymasculine, feminineA1 ( Med) recipientel primer colombiano receptor de un corazón ajeno the first Colombian heart-transplant patient, the first Colombian to have a heart transplantCompuesto:universal recipientCompuesto:wide receiverC(TV) television receiver o set, television* * *
receptor◊ - tora sustantivo masculino, femenino
1 (Med, Ling) recipient
2 (Dep) ( en fútbol americano) receiver;
( en béisbol) catcher
3
(TV) television (receiver o set)
receptor,-ora
I m,f (persona) recipient
II adjetivo receiving
III m Tel Rad TV receiver
' receptor' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
radio
- receptora
- televisión
English:
receiver
- recipient
- two-way
- walkie-talkie
- wireless set
- catcher
- set
- television
- two
* * *receptor, -ora♦ adjreceiving;un país receptor de inmigrantes a country that welcomes immigrants♦ nm,f1. [paciente] recipientreceptor de órgano [en transplante] organ recipient;receptor universal universal recipient2. Ling recipient3. [en béisbol] catcher;[en fútbol americano] receiver♦ nm1. [aparato] receiver2. Biol receptor* * *I m RAD,TV receiver* * *: receiving1) : recipient2) : catcher (in baseball), receiver (in football)receptor nm: receiverreceptor de televisión: television set* * *receptor n set -
7 antena
f.1 aerial, antenna (radio & television).estar/salir en antena to be/go on the airantena parabólica satellite dish2 antenna.* * *1 RADIO TELEVISIÓN aerial, antenna2 ANATOMÍA antenna, feeler\estar en antena to be on the airantena parabólica satellite dish* * *noun f.1) antenna2) aerial* * *SF1) (Zool) feeler, antennatener antena para — (=intuición) to have a feeling for, have a nose for
2) (Náut) lateen yard3) (Radio, TV, Telec) aerial, antennasalir en antena — to go out on the air, be broadcast
antena de telefonía móvil — mobile-phone mast (Brit), cell site (EEUU), cell tower (EEUU)
antena direccional, antena dirigida — directional aerial
antena parabólica — satellite dish, dish antenna (EEUU)
* * *1) (de radio, televisión, coche) antenna (AmE), aerial (BrE)2) (Zool) antenna; (Náut) lateen yard* * *= aerial, antenna [antennae, -pl.].Ex. One must also not forget the need for television aerials and the related sockets.Ex. Radio waves are utilized for transmission between aerials ( antennas), or radiation sources and sensors.----* antena comunitaria de televisión = Communal Aerial TV (CATV).* antena de telefonía móvil = cellular antenna.* antena parabólica = dish aerial, dish [dishes, -pl.], satellite dish, parabolic antenna.* antena plegable = telescopic antenna.* antena telescópica = telescopic antenna.* antena tipo radio = whip antenna.* poner las antenas = prick (up) + Posesivo + ears, Posesivo + antennas + go up.* * *1) (de radio, televisión, coche) antenna (AmE), aerial (BrE)2) (Zool) antenna; (Náut) lateen yard* * *= aerial, antenna [antennae, -pl.].Ex: One must also not forget the need for television aerials and the related sockets.
Ex: Radio waves are utilized for transmission between aerials ( antennas), or radiation sources and sensors.* antena comunitaria de televisión = Communal Aerial TV (CATV).* antena de telefonía móvil = cellular antenna.* antena parabólica = dish aerial, dish [dishes, -pl.], satellite dish, parabolic antenna.* antena plegable = telescopic antenna.* antena telescópica = telescopic antenna.* antena tipo radio = whip antenna.* poner las antenas = prick (up) + Posesivo + ears, Posesivo + antennas + go up.* * *el programa lleva ya cuatro años en antena the program has been on the air o has been running for four yearsAntena 3 (↑ antena a1)Compuestos:communal antenna o aerial( Méx) rabbit ears, indoor antenna o aerialloop antenna o aerialradar dishdirectional antenna o aerialtransmitting antenna o aerialsatellite dish, parabolic antenna o aerial ( tech)receiving antenna o aerialrelay mastB ( Zool) antennaC( Náut) lateen yard* * *
antena sustantivo femenino
1 (de radio, televisión, coche) antenna (AmE), aerial (BrE);
antena colectiva communal antenna o aerial;
antena de radar radar dish;
antena parabólica satellite dish;
antena repetidora relay mast
2 (Zool) antenna
antena sustantivo femenino
1 Rad TV aerial
antena colectiva, communal aerial
antena parabólica, satellite dish (aerial)
2 Zool (de un insecto) antenna, feeler
♦ Locuciones: Rad estar en antena, to be on the air
fam irón poner la antena, (escuchar conversaciones ajenas) to prick up one's ears
tener la antena puesta, to have one's ears pricked up
' antena' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
instalar
- orientación
- orientar
English:
aerial
- air
- antenna
- dish
- dish aerial
- dish antenna
- feeler
- prick up
- satellite dish
- mast
* * *antena nf1. [de radio, televisión] aerial, antenna;estar/salir en antena to be/go on the air;Famponer la antena [escuchar] to prick up one's ears;Famestar con o [m5]tener la antena puesta: siempre tiene la antena puesta he's always listening in to other people's conversationsantena colectiva = aerial shared by all the inhabitants of a block of flats, US CATV;antena direccional directional aerial;antena directiva directional aerial;antena parabólica satellite dish;antena de radar radar dish;antena receptora receiving aerial o antenna2. [de animal] antenna* * *f1 TV, RAD antenna, Braerial;estar en antena be on the air2 ZO antenna* * *antena nf: antenna* * *antena n1. (de aparato) aerial -
8 por
prep.1 because of (causa).por mí no te preocupes don't worry about me¿por qué? why?¿por qué lo dijo? why did she say it?¿por qué no vienes? why don't you come?¿por? (informal) why?se enfadó por tu comportamiento she got angry because of your behaviorlo hizo por amor he did it out of o for love2 (in order) to.lo hizo por complacerte he did it to please youlo hice por ella I did it for her3 by (medio, modo, agente).por mensajero/fax/teléfono by courier/fax/telephoneestuvimos hablando por teléfono we were talking on the phonepor escrito in writinglo cogieron por el brazo they took him by the armel récord fue batido por el atleta the record was broken by the athlete4 through.vamos por aquí/allí let's go this/that wayiba paseando por el bosque/la calle she was walking through the forest/along the streetpasar por la aduana to go through customs5 for (a cambio de, en lugar de).lo ha comprado por poco dinero she bought it for very littlecambió el coche por la moto he exchanged his car for a motorbikeél lo hará por mí he'll do it for me6 per.80 céntimos por unidad 80 cents eachmil unidades por semana a thousand units a o per weekuno por uno one by one20 kms por hora 20 km an o per hour7 for.baja por tabaco go down to the shops for some cigarettes, go down to get some cigarettesa por forvino a por las entradas she came for the tickets8 times, multiplied by.* * *1 (gen) for2 (a través de) through, by3 (calle, carretera) along, down, up■ íbamos por la calle cuando... we were walking along the street when...4 (lugar aproximado) in, near, round5 (causa) because of6 (tiempo) at, for7 (medio) by8 (autoría) by9 (distribución) per10 (tras) by11 (con pasiva) by12 (a favor de) for, in favour of, US in favor of13 (en calidad de) as14 (en lugar de) instead of, in the place of15 (multiplicado por) times, multiplied by■ tres por cuatro, doce three fours are twelve, three times four is twelve■ por caro que sea, lo voy a comprar no matter how expensive it is I'm going to buy it■ por viejo que parezca funciona even though it looks old, it still works\estar por hacer to remain to be done, not to have been done yetpor aquí around herepor lo tanto thereforepor lo visto apparentlypor más que + subjuntivo however much, no matter how muchpor mucho que + subjuntivo however much, no matter how muchpor mí as far as I am concerned¿por qué? why?por supuesto of coursepor tanto therefore, so* * *prep.1) for2) during3) by4) through5) along6) around7) per8) from9) because of10) instead of•* * *PREPOSICIÓN1) [causa]a) + sustantivo because of•
por temor a — for fear ofb) + infinc) + adj2) [objetivo]a) + sustantivo forb) + infinpor no llegar tarde — so as not to arrive late, in order not to be late
3) (=en favor, defensa de) forhazlo por mí — do it for me, do it for my sake
4) [elección]5) [evidencia] judging by, judging frompor lo que dicen — judging by o from what they say
por la cara que pone no debe de gustarle — judging by o from his face I don't think he likes it
por las señas no piensa hacerlo — apparently he's not intending to do it, it doesn't seem like he's intending to do it
6) [medio]7) [agente] by"dirigido por" — "directed by"
8) [modo] by•
por orden alfabético — in alphabetical order9) [lugar]¿por dónde? — which way?
10) [aproximación]por aquí cerca — near o around here
por la feria — round about o around carnival time
11) [tiempo]por la mañana siempre tengo mucho trabajo — I always have a lot of work in o during the morning
12) [duración] for13) [sustitución, intercambio] (=a cambio de) for; (=en lugar de) instead ofhoy doy yo la clase por él — today I'm giving the class for him o in his place
14) [representación]hablo por todos — I speak on behalf of o for everyone
interceder por algn — to intercede on sb's behalf, intercede for sb
vino por su jefe — he came instead of o in place of his boss
15) [distribución]80km por hora — 80km per o an hour
tres dólares por persona — three dollars each, three dollars per person
16) [en multiplicaciones]cinco por tres, quince — five times three is fifteen, five threes are fifteen
17) (=en cuanto a)por mí no hay inconveniente — that's fine as o so far as I'm concerned
por mí, que se vaya — as o so far as I'm concerned he can go, for all I care he can go
por mí, como si quieres pasar una semana sin comer — I don't care if you want to go for a week without eating
si por mi fuera, tú estarías trabajando — if it were o was down to me, you'd be working
18) (=como)•
tomar a algn por esposo/esposa — to take sb to be one's husband/wife19) [concesión]+ subjunpor (muy) difícil que sea — however hard it is o may be
por mucho que lo quisieran — however much they would like to, much as they would like to
por más que lo intente — no matter how o however hard I try, try as I might
20) [acción inacabada]+ infin21) ir (a) por algo/algn (=en busca de) to go and get sth/sbvoy por el médico — I'll go and fetch o get the doctor
voy a por él — [a buscarle] I'll go and get him; [a atacarle] I'm going to get him
solo van a por las pelas — * they're only in it for the money
¡a por ellos! — get them!
22) [en preguntas]por qué why¿por? * why (do you ask)?¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?
* * *1) ( en relaciones causales) because ofpor falta de dinero — because of o owing to lack of money
si no fuera por mi hijo... — if it wasn't for my son...
por + inf — for -ing
me pidió perdón por haberme mentido — he apologized for lying o for having lied to me
2) ( según)por lo que parece... — it seems o it would seem...
3) (en locs)¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?
por más que me esfuerzo — however hard o no matter how hard I try
por (muy) fácil que sea — however easy o no matter how easy it is
5)a) ( en expresiones de modo)colócalos por orden de tamaño/altura — put them in order of size/height
b) ( indicando el medio)por avión/barco/carretera — by air/sea/road
me enteré por un amigo — I heard from o through a friend
lo intenté por todos los medios — I tried everything possible o every possible way
c) (Educ) from6)cobra $30 por clase — he charges $30 a o per class
120 kilómetros por hora — 120 kilometers an o per hour
uno por uno — one by one; ciento II
b) ( en multiplicaciones)tres por cuatro (son) doce — three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve
7)a) (en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación) forsu secretaria firmó por él — his secretary signed for him o on his behalf
yo puedo ir por ti — I can go for you o in your place
podrías pasar por inglesa — you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman
b) ( como)¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? — do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?
8) ( introduciendo el agente) by9) (expresando finalidad, objetivo)por + inf: daría cualquier cosa por verla — I'd give anything to see her
eso es hablar por hablar — that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it
por que + subj ( here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan — he was eager for them to listen to him
10) (indicando consideración, favor) forpor mí no lo hagas — don't do it just for me o for my sake
11) (indicando inclinación, elección)12) ( en busca de)salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan — he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread
13) ( en lo que respecta a)por mí no hay inconveniente — I don't mind
por mí que haga lo que quiera — as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes
por + inf: tengo la casa por limpiar — I've got the house to clean
15) (esp AmL)estar por + inf — ( estar a punto de)
16) (indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria)¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? — does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?
¿por dónde has venido? — which way did you come?
¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? — could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?
17)¿por dónde está or queda el hotel? — whereabouts is the hotel?
¿qué tal te fue por Londres? — how did you get on in London?
por todos lados or por todas partes — everywhere
voy por la página 15 — I'm up to o I'm on page 15
c) ( indicando extensión)viajamos por el norte de Francia — we travelled around o in the North of France
pasa un trapo por el piso — give the floor a quick wipe; ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera, encima, etc
18) ( expresando tiempo aproximado)por aquella época or por aquel entonces — at that time
19) (Esp) ( indicando una ocasión) for20) ( durante) forpor el momento or por ahora — for the time being o for now; ver tb mañana III, tarde II, noche
* * *= across, along, around, because of, by, by, down, for the sake of, in connection with, in the gift of, on account of, on the grounds that/of, per, through, times, under, x, as a matter of, out of, through the agency of.Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.Ex. This means that a large number of messages can be combined together along the same line, giving economies of scales.Ex. I wouldn't expect you to be detailed in your report in terms of where the bookmible would stop around town and where you'd park it.Ex. This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.Ex. A set of government publications could be filed alphabetically by the issuing bureau, and then by title of the particular series in numerical order.Ex. Micrographic and computer technologies and their integration will become increasingly efficacious as agents for change with respect to the continued existence of the traditional 75 by 125 millimeter card.Ex. Some users find the format of KWIC indexes unacceptable, they find alphabetical arrangement by keywords down the centre of a page, and wrapped-round titles awkward.Ex. The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.Ex. There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.Ex. Its notability is seen to lie in the fact that it has significantly broken the stranglehold upon postgraduate studentships in the gift of the Science and Engineering Research Council.Ex. Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.Ex. AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.Ex. Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.Ex. The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.Ex. 4 days times 30 cents per day = 120 cents.Ex. One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.Ex. Card catalogues or indexes comprise a set of cards often 5x3 inches (122x72 mm), with each entry on a separate card.Ex. Most drivers stop at stop signs: Some do under duress -- there may be a policeman concealed in nearby bushes, others as a matter of prudence -- a fast car with the right of way can be injurious.Ex. But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.Ex. This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.----* actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.* aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).* aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.* búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.* coger por sorpresa = catch out.* Día + por la tarde = late + Día.* digamos por ejemplo = let us say.* dominar por completo = sweep + the board.* encontrar por casualidad = come across.* encuadernación por encargo = bespoke binding.* error por omisión = omission failure.* estar por delante de = be ahead of.* hecho por encargo = bespoke.* introducir por primera vez = pioneer.* leer por encima = browse.* llamar por teléfono = call up.* muy por encima de todo = over and above all.* Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.* ordenado por fecha = in date order.* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], skip over, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by.* pongamos por ejemplo = let us say.* por accidente = accidentally.* por adelantado = advance, in advance (of), up-front [up front].* por ahí = out there.* por ahora = as of right now, as yet, at present, at the moment, at this point, for the present, for the time being, just yet, for now, at this time, as of now, at the present, by now, for the nonce.* por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.* por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.* por algún motivo = for whatever reason.* por algún tiempo = for sometime.* por allí = nearby [near-by].* por amor al arte = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por analogía = by analogy.* por anticipado = in advance (of).* por antonomasia = quintessential, unique.* por añadidura = in addition (to), on top of everything else.* por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.* por aquí = around here, nearby [near-by], round here.* por aquí y por allí = hanging about.* por así decir = as it were.* por boca de = by word of mouth.* por bondad = out of the goodness of + Posesivo + heart.* por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.* por buen camino = a step in the right direction.* por cabeza = per person.* por cable = wireline, corded.* por caminos apartados = off-road.* por capas = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], layered, tiered.* por casualidad = by chance, coincidentally, fortuitously, by accident, by happenstance, happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo, accidentally, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.* por chiripa = by chance, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.* por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).* por cierto = coincidentally, incidentally, by the way, anecdotally, by the by(e), speaking of which.* por coincidencia = by coincidence.* por comodidad = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.* por completo = fully.* por confirmar = to be announced, to be confirmed.* por consideración a = out of respect for.* por consideración a = out of consideration for.* por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.* por contra = in contrast.* por conveniencia = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.* por correo = by post, mailed.* por cortesía de = courtesy of.* por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.* por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.* por cuanto que = because.* por cuenta ajena = vicariously.* por cuenta de uno = privately.* por cuenta propia = freelance, self-employed, at + Posesivo + own expense.* por cuenta y riesgo de Uno = at + Posesivo + peril.* por curiosidad = out of curiosity.* por debajo de = below, beneath, underneath.* por debajo de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad.* por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.* por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.* por debajo de la media = sub-par, below-average.* por debajo de las posibilidades = below + Posesivo + capabilities.* por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.* por debajo de lo óptimo = sub-optimal [suboptimal].* por debajo del peso nomral = underweight.* por décadas = ten-yearly.* por decidir = to be decided.* por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.* por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.* por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.* por decisión propia = by choice.* por defecto = by default, default.* por deferencia a = in deference to.* por definición = by definition.* por delante = ahead.* por delante de = ahead of.* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.* por delante y por detrás = front and back.* por dentro = inwardly.* por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.* por despecho = spitefully, out of spite.* ¡por dios! = in heaven's name, for God's sake, gosh.* ¡por Dios! = for crying out loud!.* por diversión = for sport, for fun, (just) for the hell of (doing) it, for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it.* por divertirse = for kicks.* por doquier = all around.* por dos años = two-year.* por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.* por (el) amor a = for the love of.* ¡por el amor de Dios! = for crying out loud!.* por el bien del saber = for knowledge's sake.* por el contrario = by contrast, conversely, however, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, by way of contrast, to the contrary, quite the opposite, by comparison, contrariwise, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.* por el cual = whereby, whereupon.* por el detalle = for detail.* por el día = by day, daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.* por el día o por la noche = day or night.* por el día y por la noche = day and night, night and day.* por elección propia = by choice.* por el gobierno = governmentally + Adjetivo.* por el gobierno federal = federally.* por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.* por el hombre = humanly.* por ello = on this basis, on that basis, accordingly.* por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.* por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.* por el modo = by the way.* por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.* por el placer de hacerlo = (just) for the fun of (doing) it.* por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.* por el receptor = at the receiving end.* por el sexo = gendered.* por encargo = custom, bespoke.* por encima = overhead, cursorily.* por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.* por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.* por encima de eso = beyond that.* por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.* por encima de la media = above average.* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.* por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.* por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.* por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.* por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.* por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.* por ende = thereby, accordingly, therefore.* por enfado = out of anger.* por enojo = out of anger.* por error = by mistake.* por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.* por escrito = in writing, in print, written.* por eso = on that score, therefore.* por eso que = hence.* por esta razón = for this reason.* por esta única razón = for this reason alone.* por este motivo = for this reason.* por esto = thus, accordingly, therefore.* por etapas = staged.* por excelencia = par excellence, quintessential, unique.* por exceso = excessively, to excess.* por explotar = untapped.* por + Expresión Temporal = by the + Expresión Temporal.* por extensión = by extension.* por extenso = in full, at length.* por falta de = for want of, for lack of.* por fases = staged.* por favor = please.* por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].* por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.* por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).* por frustración = out of frustration.* por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.* por grupos = in batches.* por gusto = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por hora = hourly.* por horas = on an hourly basis.* por igual = alike, on an equitable basis, equally, in equal measure(s).* por imitación = copycat.* por incremento gradual = incremental.* por incrementos graduales = incrementally.* por individuo = per capita, per person.* por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.* por instinto = instinctively.* por interés = out of interest.* por interés personal = self-interested.* por investigar = unresearched.* por invitación = invitational.* por invitación de = at the invitation of.* por la borda = overboard.* por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.* por la forma = by the way.* por la friolera de + Cantidad = to the tune of + Cantidad.* por la fuerza = forcibly.* por la mala fortuna = by ill fate.* por la mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by ill fate.* por la manera = by the way.* por la mañana = in the morning.* por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.* por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.* por la posibilidad de = at the prospect of.* por la presente = hereby.* por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.* por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.* por las nubes = soaring.* por la tarde = in the evening.* por ley = mandated.* por libre = freelance.* por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.* por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.* por lo pronto = for the time being.* por lo que = so.* por lo que concierne a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, so far as + Nombre + be concerned.* por lo que concierne a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.* por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.* por lo que es = in + Posesivo + own right.* por lo que incumbe a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.* ¡Por lo que más quieras! = for God's sake.* por lo que se refiere a = moving on to.* por lo que son = in + Posesivo + own right.* por lo que yo sé = to the best of my knowledge.* por los pelos = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, close call, close shave.* por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.* por los suelos = in tatters.* por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.* por lo visto = apparently, apparently.* por mala fortuna = unfortunately, unhappily, sadly.* por mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by a stroke of bad luck, by ill fate.* por mal camino = astray.* por más que lo intento = for the life of me.* por materias = subject-based, topically.* por mecionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention only a few.* por medio = out of.* por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of, through the agency of.* por medio de isótopos = isotopically.* por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.* por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.* por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.* por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to name only some.* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.* por menús = menu-driven.* por méritos = meritorious.* por mes = per month.* por miedo de = for fear of/that.* por millones = in the millions, by the millions.* por mor de = because of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.* por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.* por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.* por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.* por muchas razones = in many ways.* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + que + Subjuntivo = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + Verbo.* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.* por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.* por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.* por muy extraño que parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.* por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.* por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.* por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.* por nada = for nothing.* por nada del mundo = for the life of me.* por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.* por naturaleza = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently.* por necesidad = of necessity, out of necessity.* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.* por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.* por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.* por no decir nunca = if ever.* por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.* por nombrar (sólo) + Número = to name (only) + Número.* por nombrar sólo unos cuantos = to name only some.* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por + Nombre = on a + Adjetivo + basis.* por no mencionar = not to mention.* por norma = as a rule.* por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.* por orden de = mandated.* por orden del congreso = congressionally mandated.* por orden de llegada = on a first come first served basis.* por orden numérico = in numerical order.* por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.* por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other hand, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.* por parejas = in pairs.* por parte de = on the part of.* por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por pereza = lazily.* por + Período de Tiempo = for + Expresión Temporal.* por persona = per person.* por placer = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por poco dinero = cheaply.* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.* por poderes = by proxy.* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.* por + Posesivo + cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.* por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.* por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.* por principio = on principle.* por principios = as a matter of principle.* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* por propia iniciativa = self-directed.* por pura curiosidad = just out of interest, (just) as a mater of interest.* por pura diversión = for kicks.* por puro entretenimiento = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por puro placer = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por qué = why.* por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.* por razones de = for the sake of.* por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.* por razones éticas = on moral grounds.* por razones morales = on moral grounds.* por razones personales = for personal reasons.* por + Reflexivo + cuenta = for + Reflexivo.* por rencor = out of spite.* por respeto a = out of respect for, out of consideration for.* por rumores = grapevine.* por rutina = routinely.* por sacos = by the sackful.* por satélite = satellite-based.* por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.* por seguridad = for safety reasons.* por semana = per week.* por separado = at different times, in isolation, separately, singly.* por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.* por sexo = along gender lines.* por si = in the chance that.* por si acaso = in case of, on the off chance, just in case, on spec, for good measure.* por si casualidad = in the chance that.* por si era poco = for good measure.* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.* por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.* por si las moscas = just in case, on spec.* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, in + Posesivo + own right, itself, unto + Reflexivo, in and of + Reflexivo.* por sí mismos = in themselves.* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.* por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].* por sí solo = by itself, for its/their own sake, on its own, in and of + Reflexivo, in itself.* por sí solos = by themselves, in themselves.* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.* por sorpresa = unawares.* por su cuenta y riesgo = at + Posesivo + own risk.* por suerte = luckily, fortunately, happily.* por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.* por su naturaleza = by + Posesivo + nature.* por su papel = in its role.* por su parte = in + Posesivo + own right.* por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.* por su propio derecho = in + Posesivo + own right.* por supuesto = of course, surely, to be sure, certainly.* ¡por supuesto que no! = heaven forbid, heaven forbid.* por suscripción = subscriber + Nombre.* por su volatilidad = mercurially.* por su volubilidad = mercurially.* por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.* por teléfono = on the telephone, by tele(phone), over the phone, over the telephone.* por temas = topically.* por temor a = for fear of/that.* por temor a represalias = under duress.* por término medio = on average.* por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].* por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.* por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].* por toda la provincia = province-wide.* por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].* por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.* por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.* por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].* por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.* por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].* por todo el continente = continent-wide.* por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].* por todo el gobierno = government-wide.* por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.* por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.* por todo el servicio = service-wide.* por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.* por todo + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.* por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.* por todos conocido = well-known.* por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.* por todos los medios = by all means.* por todos sitios = everywhere.* por triplicado = in triplicate.* por trueque = in kind.* por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.* por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.* por unanimidad = unanimously.* por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.* por un gustazo, un trancazo = a kingdom for a kiss.* por unidad = per unit.* por un lado = for one, on the one hand, on the one side.* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.* por un momento = for a moment.* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.* por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.* por uno solo = solo.* por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.* por un tiempo = for a time.* por un tiempo indefinido = for an indefinite time to come, for indefinite time.* por valor de + Cantidad = amounting to + Cantidad.* por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.* por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.* por venganza = out of spite.* por voluntad propia = voluntarily.* quedar por ver = remain + to be seen.* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.* transporte por tierra = land transport.* utilizar por primera vez = pioneer.* venta al por mayor = wholesaling.* * *1) ( en relaciones causales) because ofpor falta de dinero — because of o owing to lack of money
si no fuera por mi hijo... — if it wasn't for my son...
por + inf — for -ing
me pidió perdón por haberme mentido — he apologized for lying o for having lied to me
2) ( según)por lo que parece... — it seems o it would seem...
3) (en locs)¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?
por más que me esfuerzo — however hard o no matter how hard I try
por (muy) fácil que sea — however easy o no matter how easy it is
5)a) ( en expresiones de modo)colócalos por orden de tamaño/altura — put them in order of size/height
b) ( indicando el medio)por avión/barco/carretera — by air/sea/road
me enteré por un amigo — I heard from o through a friend
lo intenté por todos los medios — I tried everything possible o every possible way
c) (Educ) from6)cobra $30 por clase — he charges $30 a o per class
120 kilómetros por hora — 120 kilometers an o per hour
uno por uno — one by one; ciento II
b) ( en multiplicaciones)tres por cuatro (son) doce — three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve
7)a) (en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación) forsu secretaria firmó por él — his secretary signed for him o on his behalf
yo puedo ir por ti — I can go for you o in your place
podrías pasar por inglesa — you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman
b) ( como)¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? — do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?
8) ( introduciendo el agente) by9) (expresando finalidad, objetivo)por + inf: daría cualquier cosa por verla — I'd give anything to see her
eso es hablar por hablar — that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it
por que + subj ( here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan — he was eager for them to listen to him
10) (indicando consideración, favor) forpor mí no lo hagas — don't do it just for me o for my sake
11) (indicando inclinación, elección)12) ( en busca de)salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan — he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread
13) ( en lo que respecta a)por mí no hay inconveniente — I don't mind
por mí que haga lo que quiera — as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes
por + inf: tengo la casa por limpiar — I've got the house to clean
15) (esp AmL)estar por + inf — ( estar a punto de)
16) (indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria)¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? — does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?
¿por dónde has venido? — which way did you come?
¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? — could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?
17)¿por dónde está or queda el hotel? — whereabouts is the hotel?
¿qué tal te fue por Londres? — how did you get on in London?
por todos lados or por todas partes — everywhere
voy por la página 15 — I'm up to o I'm on page 15
c) ( indicando extensión)viajamos por el norte de Francia — we travelled around o in the North of France
pasa un trapo por el piso — give the floor a quick wipe; ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera, encima, etc
18) ( expresando tiempo aproximado)por aquella época or por aquel entonces — at that time
19) (Esp) ( indicando una ocasión) for20) ( durante) forpor el momento or por ahora — for the time being o for now; ver tb mañana III, tarde II, noche
* * *= across, along, around, because of, by, by, down, for the sake of, in connection with, in the gift of, on account of, on the grounds that/of, per, through, times, under, x, as a matter of, out of, through the agency of.Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.
Ex: This means that a large number of messages can be combined together along the same line, giving economies of scales.Ex: I wouldn't expect you to be detailed in your report in terms of where the bookmible would stop around town and where you'd park it.Ex: This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.Ex: A set of government publications could be filed alphabetically by the issuing bureau, and then by title of the particular series in numerical order.Ex: Micrographic and computer technologies and their integration will become increasingly efficacious as agents for change with respect to the continued existence of the traditional 75 by 125 millimeter card.Ex: Some users find the format of KWIC indexes unacceptable, they find alphabetical arrangement by keywords down the centre of a page, and wrapped-round titles awkward.Ex: The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.Ex: There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.Ex: Its notability is seen to lie in the fact that it has significantly broken the stranglehold upon postgraduate studentships in the gift of the Science and Engineering Research Council.Ex: Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.Ex: AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.Ex: Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.Ex: The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.Ex: 4 days times 30 cents per day = 120 cents.Ex: One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.Ex: Card catalogues or indexes comprise a set of cards often 5x3 inches (122x72 mm), with each entry on a separate card.Ex: Most drivers stop at stop signs: Some do under duress -- there may be a policeman concealed in nearby bushes, others as a matter of prudence -- a fast car with the right of way can be injurious.Ex: But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.Ex: This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.* actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.* aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).* aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.* búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.* coger por sorpresa = catch out.* Día + por la tarde = late + Día.* digamos por ejemplo = let us say.* dominar por completo = sweep + the board.* encontrar por casualidad = come across.* encuadernación por encargo = bespoke binding.* error por omisión = omission failure.* estar por delante de = be ahead of.* hecho por encargo = bespoke.* introducir por primera vez = pioneer.* leer por encima = browse.* llamar por teléfono = call up.* muy por encima de todo = over and above all.* Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.* ordenado por fecha = in date order.* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], skip over, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by.* pongamos por ejemplo = let us say.* por accidente = accidentally.* por adelantado = advance, in advance (of), up-front [up front].* por ahí = out there.* por ahora = as of right now, as yet, at present, at the moment, at this point, for the present, for the time being, just yet, for now, at this time, as of now, at the present, by now, for the nonce.* por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.* por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.* por algún motivo = for whatever reason.* por algún tiempo = for sometime.* por allí = nearby [near-by].* por amor al arte = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por analogía = by analogy.* por anticipado = in advance (of).* por antonomasia = quintessential, unique.* por añadidura = in addition (to), on top of everything else.* por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.* por aquí = around here, nearby [near-by], round here.* por aquí y por allí = hanging about.* por así decir = as it were.* por boca de = by word of mouth.* por bondad = out of the goodness of + Posesivo + heart.* por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.* por buen camino = a step in the right direction.* por cabeza = per person.* por cable = wireline, corded.* por caminos apartados = off-road.* por capas = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], layered, tiered.* por casualidad = by chance, coincidentally, fortuitously, by accident, by happenstance, happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo, accidentally, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.* por chiripa = by chance, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.* por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).* por cierto = coincidentally, incidentally, by the way, anecdotally, by the by(e), speaking of which.* por coincidencia = by coincidence.* por comodidad = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.* por completo = fully.* por confirmar = to be announced, to be confirmed.* por consideración a = out of respect for.* por consideración a = out of consideration for.* por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.* por contra = in contrast.* por conveniencia = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.* por correo = by post, mailed.* por cortesía de = courtesy of.* por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.* por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.* por cuanto que = because.* por cuenta ajena = vicariously.* por cuenta de uno = privately.* por cuenta propia = freelance, self-employed, at + Posesivo + own expense.* por cuenta y riesgo de Uno = at + Posesivo + peril.* por curiosidad = out of curiosity.* por debajo de = below, beneath, underneath.* por debajo de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad.* por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.* por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.* por debajo de la media = sub-par, below-average.* por debajo de las posibilidades = below + Posesivo + capabilities.* por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.* por debajo de lo óptimo = sub-optimal [suboptimal].* por debajo del peso nomral = underweight.* por décadas = ten-yearly.* por decidir = to be decided.* por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.* por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.* por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.* por decisión propia = by choice.* por defecto = by default, default.* por deferencia a = in deference to.* por definición = by definition.* por delante = ahead.* por delante de = ahead of.* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.* por delante y por detrás = front and back.* por dentro = inwardly.* por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.* por despecho = spitefully, out of spite.* ¡por dios! = in heaven's name, for God's sake, gosh.* ¡por Dios! = for crying out loud!.* por diversión = for sport, for fun, (just) for the hell of (doing) it, for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it.* por divertirse = for kicks.* por doquier = all around.* por dos años = two-year.* por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.* por (el) amor a = for the love of.* ¡por el amor de Dios! = for crying out loud!.* por el bien del saber = for knowledge's sake.* por el contrario = by contrast, conversely, however, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, by way of contrast, to the contrary, quite the opposite, by comparison, contrariwise, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.* por el cual = whereby, whereupon.* por el detalle = for detail.* por el día = by day, daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.* por el día o por la noche = day or night.* por el día y por la noche = day and night, night and day.* por elección propia = by choice.* por el gobierno = governmentally + Adjetivo.* por el gobierno federal = federally.* por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.* por el hombre = humanly.* por ello = on this basis, on that basis, accordingly.* por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.* por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.* por el modo = by the way.* por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.* por el placer de hacerlo = (just) for the fun of (doing) it.* por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.* por el receptor = at the receiving end.* por el sexo = gendered.* por encargo = custom, bespoke.* por encima = overhead, cursorily.* por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.* por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.* por encima de eso = beyond that.* por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.* por encima de la media = above average.* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.* por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.* por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.* por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.* por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.* por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.* por ende = thereby, accordingly, therefore.* por enfado = out of anger.* por enojo = out of anger.* por error = by mistake.* por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.* por escrito = in writing, in print, written.* por eso = on that score, therefore.* por eso que = hence.* por esta razón = for this reason.* por esta única razón = for this reason alone.* por este motivo = for this reason.* por esto = thus, accordingly, therefore.* por etapas = staged.* por excelencia = par excellence, quintessential, unique.* por exceso = excessively, to excess.* por explotar = untapped.* por + Expresión Temporal = by the + Expresión Temporal.* por extensión = by extension.* por extenso = in full, at length.* por falta de = for want of, for lack of.* por fases = staged.* por favor = please.* por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].* por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.* por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).* por frustración = out of frustration.* por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.* por grupos = in batches.* por gusto = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por hora = hourly.* por horas = on an hourly basis.* por igual = alike, on an equitable basis, equally, in equal measure(s).* por imitación = copycat.* por incremento gradual = incremental.* por incrementos graduales = incrementally.* por individuo = per capita, per person.* por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.* por instinto = instinctively.* por interés = out of interest.* por interés personal = self-interested.* por investigar = unresearched.* por invitación = invitational.* por invitación de = at the invitation of.* por la borda = overboard.* por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.* por la forma = by the way.* por la friolera de + Cantidad = to the tune of + Cantidad.* por la fuerza = forcibly.* por la mala fortuna = by ill fate.* por la mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by ill fate.* por la manera = by the way.* por la mañana = in the morning.* por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.* por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.* por la posibilidad de = at the prospect of.* por la presente = hereby.* por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.* por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.* por las nubes = soaring.* por la tarde = in the evening.* por ley = mandated.* por libre = freelance.* por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.* por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.* por lo pronto = for the time being.* por lo que = so.* por lo que concierne a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, so far as + Nombre + be concerned.* por lo que concierne a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.* por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.* por lo que es = in + Posesivo + own right.* por lo que incumbe a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.* ¡Por lo que más quieras! = for God's sake.* por lo que se refiere a = moving on to.* por lo que son = in + Posesivo + own right.* por lo que yo sé = to the best of my knowledge.* por los pelos = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, close call, close shave.* por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.* por los suelos = in tatters.* por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.* por lo visto = apparently, apparently.* por mala fortuna = unfortunately, unhappily, sadly.* por mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by a stroke of bad luck, by ill fate.* por mal camino = astray.* por más que lo intento = for the life of me.* por materias = subject-based, topically.* por mecionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention only a few.* por medio = out of.* por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of, through the agency of.* por medio de isótopos = isotopically.* por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.* por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.* por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.* por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to name only some.* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.* por menús = menu-driven.* por méritos = meritorious.* por mes = per month.* por miedo de = for fear of/that.* por millones = in the millions, by the millions.* por mor de = because of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.* por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.* por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.* por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.* por muchas razones = in many ways.* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + que + Subjuntivo = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + Verbo.* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.* por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.* por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.* por muy extraño que parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.* por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.* por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.* por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.* por nada = for nothing.* por nada del mundo = for the life of me.* por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.* por naturaleza = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently.* por necesidad = of necessity, out of necessity.* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.* por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.* por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.* por no decir nunca = if ever.* por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.* por nombrar (sólo) + Número = to name (only) + Número.* por nombrar sólo unos cuantos = to name only some.* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por + Nombre = on a + Adjetivo + basis.* por no mencionar = not to mention.* por norma = as a rule.* por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.* por orden de = mandated.* por orden del congreso = congressionally mandated.* por orden de llegada = on a first come first served basis.* por orden numérico = in numerical order.* por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.* por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other hand, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.* por parejas = in pairs.* por parte de = on the part of.* por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por pereza = lazily.* por + Período de Tiempo = for + Expresión Temporal.* por persona = per person.* por placer = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por poco dinero = cheaply.* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.* por poderes = by proxy.* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.* por + Posesivo + cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.* por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.* por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.* por principio = on principle.* por principios = as a matter of principle.* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* por propia iniciativa = self-directed.* por pura curiosidad = just out of interest, (just) as a mater of interest.* por pura diversión = for kicks.* por puro entretenimiento = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por puro placer = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por qué = why.* por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.* por razones de = for the sake of.* por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.* por razones éticas = on moral grounds.* por razones morales = on moral grounds.* por razones personales = for personal reasons.* por + Reflexivo + cuenta = for + Reflexivo.* por rencor = out of spite.* por respeto a = out of respect for, out of consideration for.* por rumores = grapevine.* por rutina = routinely.* por sacos = by the sackful.* por satélite = satellite-based.* por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.* por seguridad = for safety reasons.* por semana = per week.* por separado = at different times, in isolation, separately, singly.* por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.* por sexo = along gender lines.* por si = in the chance that.* por si acaso = in case of, on the off chance, just in case, on spec, for good measure.* por si casualidad = in the chance that.* por si era poco = for good measure.* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.* por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.* por si las moscas = just in case, on spec.* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, in + Posesivo + own right, itself, unto + Reflexivo, in and of + Reflexivo.* por sí mismos = in themselves.* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.* por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].* por sí solo = by itself, for its/their own sake, on its own, in and of + Reflexivo, in itself.* por sí solos = by themselves, in themselves.* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.* por sorpresa = unawares.* por su cuenta y riesgo = at + Posesivo + own risk.* por suerte = luckily, fortunately, happily.* por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.* por su naturaleza = by + Posesivo + nature.* por su papel = in its role.* por su parte = in + Posesivo + own right.* por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.* por su propio derecho = in + Posesivo + own right.* por supuesto = of course, surely, to be sure, certainly.* ¡por supuesto que no! = heaven forbid, heaven forbid.* por suscripción = subscriber + Nombre.* por su volatilidad = mercurially.* por su volubilidad = mercurially.* por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.* por teléfono = on the telephone, by tele(phone), over the phone, over the telephone.* por temas = topically.* por temor a = for fear of/that.* por temor a represalias = under duress.* por término medio = on average.* por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].* por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.* por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].* por toda la provincia = province-wide.* por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].* por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.* por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.* por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].* por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.* por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].* por todo el continente = continent-wide.* por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].* por todo el gobierno = government-wide.* por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.* por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.* por todo el servicio = service-wide.* por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.* por todo + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.* por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.* por todos conocido = well-known.* por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.* por todos los medios = by all means.* por todos sitios = everywhere.* por triplicado = in triplicate.* por trueque = in kind.* por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.* por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.* por unanimidad = unanimously.* por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.* por un gustazo, un trancazo = a kingdom for a kiss.* por unidad = per unit.* por un lado = for one, on the one hand, on the one side.* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.* por un momento = for a moment.* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.* por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.* por uno solo = solo.* por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.* por un tiempo = for a time.* por un tiempo indefinido = for an indefinite time to come, for indefinite time.* por valor de + Cantidad = amounting to + Cantidad.* por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.* por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.* por venganza = out of spite.* por voluntad propia = voluntarily.* quedar por ver = remain + to be seen.* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.* transporte por tierra = land transport.* utilizar por primera vez = pioneer.* venta al por mayor = wholesaling.* * *A en relaciones causalesB segúnC ¿por qué?D en locucionesE en expresiones concesivasF1 en expresiones de modo2 indicando el medio3 EducaciónG1 en relaciones de proporción2 en multiplicacionesH1 en relaciones de sustitución etc2 por ejemploI comoA al expresar finalidad, objetivoB indicando consideración, favorC indicando inclinación, elecciónD en busca deE en lo que respecta aF indicando una situación pendienteG estar porA indicando lugar de acceso, salidaBC expresando lugar determinadoD indicando extensiónA expresando tiempo aproximadoB indicando una ocasiónC duranteA (en relaciones causales) because ofhe puesto esto aquí por el gato I've put this here because of the catnunca se lo dijo por miedo a perderla he never told her out of fear of losing her o because he was afraid of losing hereso te pasa por crédulo that's what you get for being (so) gulliblelo conseguimos por él we got it thanks to himella es así por naturaleza she's like that by naturelo hace por necesidad he does it out of necessityno se acabó por falta de dinero it wasn't finished for o because of o owing to lack of moneyel final no por conocido me resulta menos triste knowing how it ends doesn't make it any less sadpor su alto contenido en proteínas because of o owing to its high protein contenttanto por su precio como por su practicidad both for its price and its practical designfue por eso por lo que no te llamé or fue por eso que no te llamé that was the reason o that was why I didn't call youprecisamente por eso no dije nada that's precisely why I didn't say anythingla muerte se produjo por asfixia he suffocated, death was caused by suffocation ( frml)éste serviría si no fuera por el color this one would do if it weren't for the colorfue elogiado por su excelente actuación he was praised for his excellent performancepor + INF for -INGme pidió perdón por haberme mentido he apologized for lying o for having lied to meB (según) frompor lo que he oído from what I've heardpor lo que parece no va a volver it seems o it would seem he's not coming backpor mi experiencia diría que … from my experience, I would say that …C ( fam):¿por? why?¿con quién vas? — con Daniel ¿por? who are you going with? — with Daniel, why? o why do you want to know?D ( en locuciones):por qué why¿por qué lloras? why are you crying?¿por qué no vienes a almorzar a casa? why don't you come to my house for lunch?por si in casellévate una muda, por si tuvieras que quedarte take a change of clothes (just) in case you have to stayE (en expresiones concesivas) por … QUE:por más que me esfuerzo me sigue saliendo mal no matter how hard I try o however hard I try, I still can't get it right(+ subj): por (muy) fácil que se lo pongan, no creo que lo sepa hacer however easy o no matter how easy they make it for him I don't think he'll be able to do itF1(en expresiones de modo): clasifícalos por tamaño classify them according to size o by sizecolóquense por orden de altura line up in order of heightpor adelantado in advancepor escrito in writing2(indicando el medio): se lo comunicaron por teléfono they told him over the phonelo dijeron por la radio they said it on the radiolo mandaron por avión/barco they sent it by air/seapor carretera by roadla conocí por la voz I recognized the o her voice, I recognized her by her voiceme enteré por un amigo I heard from o through a friendconocido por el nombre de Pancho known as Pancholo intenté por todos los medios I tried everything possible o every possible way3 ( Educación):es doctor honoris causa por Oxford he has an honorary doctorate from Oxfordun graduado en ciencias políticas por la universidad de Granada a graduate in political science from the university of GranadaG1(en relaciones de proporción): cobra $30 por clase he charges $30 a o per class120 kilómetros por hora 120 kilometers an o per hourlo venden por metro they sell it by the metertú comes por tres you eat enough for three peoplehabía un hombre por cada dos mujeres there was one man to every two womentiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho it's three meters long by one meter wideya hemos hecho bastante por hoy we've done enough for todaylos hizo entrar uno por uno she made them come in one by one o one at a timeexaminar un escrito punto por punto to go through a document point by point(en multiplicaciones): tres por cuatro (son) doce three times four is twelve, three fours are twelveH1(en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación): su secretaria firmó por él his secretary signed for him o on his behalfyo puedo ir por ti I can go for you o in your placepor toda respuesta se encogió de hombros all he did was shrug his shoulderstú podrías pasar por inglesa you could pass as English o for an Englishwomante dan uno nuevo por dos viejos they give you one new one in exchange for two old oneses senador por Canarias he's a senator for the Canary Islands2(como): por ejemplo for example¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?un lugar frecuentado por muchos famosos a place frequented by many famous peoplese vieron sorprendidos por una tormenta they were caught in a sudden stormla ocupación de la fábrica por (parte de) los obreros the occupation of the factory by the workersA(al expresar finalidad, objetivo): se estaban peleando por la pelota they were fighting over the balllo hace por el dinero he does it for the moneyte lo digo por tu bien I'm telling you for your own goodpor + INF:daría cualquier cosa por verte contento I'd give anything to see you happyno entré por no molestar I didn't go in so as not to disturb him o because I didn't want to disturb himeso es hablar por hablar that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of itestaba ansioso por que lo escucharan he was eager for them to listen to himrecemos por que lleguen a un acuerdo let's pray that they'll come to an agreementsiguieron luchando por que se hiciera justicia they continued fighting for justice to be doneB(indicando consideración, favor): haría cualquier cosa por ti I'd do anything for youintercede por nosotros intercede for uspor mí no lo hagas don't do it just for me o for my sakeC(indicando inclinación, elección): su amor por la música her love of musicdemostró gran interés por el cuadro he showed great interest in the paintingno siento nada por él I don't feel anything for himopté por no ir I chose not to govotó por ella he voted for her¿por la afirmativa? all those in favor?se manifestaron por el derecho al aborto they demonstrated for the right to abortionestar por algn ( fam); to be crazy about sbD(en busca de): salió/fue poror ( Esp) a por pan he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some breadE(en lo que respecta a): por mí no hay inconveniente I don't mindque haga lo que le dé la gana, por mí … let him do what he likes, as far as I'm concerned …F (indicando una situación pendiente) por + INF:tengo toda la casa por limpiar I've got the whole house to cleanestos cambios aún están por hacer these changes have still not been made o are yet to be madeG( AmL) estar por + INF (estar a punto de): deben de estar por llegar they should be arriving any minutela leche está por hervir the milk's about to boilA(indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria): entró por la ventana he came in through the windowsal por aquí go out this wayel acceso al edificio es por la calle Lamas you enter the building from Lamas Streetel piano no va a pasar por la puerta the piano won't go through the doorse cayó por la escalera he fell down the stairssubieron por la ladera este they went up by the east face¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?fuimos por el camino más largo we took the longer routeno vayas por ahí que te vas a perder don't go that way, you'll get lost¿por dónde has venido? which way did you come?¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?B(expresando lugar indeterminado): está por ahí he's over there somewhere¿por dónde está or queda el restaurante? whereabouts is the restaurant?viven por el sur/por mi barrio they live in the south somewhere/around my areahace mucho que no lo vemos por aquí we haven't seen him around here for ages¿qué tal te fue por Londres? how did you get on in London?C(expresando lugar determinado): corta por aquí cut herevoy por la página 15 I'm up to o I'm on page 15empieza por el principio start at the beginningagárralo por el mango hold it by the handleD(indicando extensión): lo he buscado por todos lados or por todas partes I've looked everywhere for itla epidemia se extendió por todo el país the epidemic spread throughout the (whole) countryestuvimos viajando por el norte de Francia we were traveling around o in the North of Francefuimos a caminar por la playa we went for a walk along the beachpasa un trapo por el piso give the floor a quick wipeA(expresando tiempo aproximado): por aquella época at that timepor aquel entonces vivían en Pozuelo at that time they were living in Pozuelosucedió por allá por 1960 it happened some time back around 1960B ( Esp) (indicando una ocasión) forme lo regalaron por mi cumpleaños they gave it to me for my birthdaypor Semana Santa pensamos ir a Londres we're thinking of going to London for EasterC (durante) forpor los siglos de los siglos for ever and everno se lo confío ni por un minuto I wouldn't trust him with it for a minutepuede quedar así por el momento or por ahora it can stay like that for the time being o for now* * *
por preposición
1 ( causa) because of;◊ por falta de dinero because of o owing to lack of money;
por naturaleza by nature;
por necesidad out of necessity;
por eso no dije nada that's why I didn't say anything;
fue por eso que no te llamé that was why I didn't call you;
si no fuera por mi hijo … if it wasn't for my son …;
me pidió perdón por haberme mentido he apologized for lying o for having lied to me
2 ( en locs)
no dijo por qué he didn't say why;
¿por qué no vienes conmigo? why don't you come with me?;
por si in case;
por si no entiende in case he doesn't understand;
See Also→ acaso 2, mosca
3 ( en expresiones concesivas):◊ por más que me esfuerzo however hard o no matter how hard I try;
por (muy) fácil que sea however easy o no matter how easy it is
4a) ( modo):
por adelantado in advance;
por escrito in writingb) ( medio):
lo dijeron por la radio they said it on the radio;
por avión by air;
la conocí por la voz I recognized her by her voice;
me enteré por un amigo I heard from o through a friend
5a) ( proporción):◊ cobra $30 por clase he charges $30 a o per class;
120 kilómetros por hora 120 kilometers an o per hour;
por metro/docena by the meter/dozen;
tú comes por tres you eat enough for three people;
tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho it's three meters long by one meter wide;
uno por uno one by one;
See Also→ ciento sustantivo masculino bb) ( en multiplicaciones):
6
◊ su secretaria firmó por él his secretary signed for him o on his behalf;
pasa por inglesa she passes for an Englishwomanb) ( como):
7 ( introduciendo el agente) by;
1 (finalidad, objetivo):
lo hace por el dinero he does it for the money;
no entré por no molestarlo I didn't go in because I didn't want to disturb him;
por que + subj (here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan he was eager for them to listen to him
2 (indicando inclinación, elección):
no siento nada por él I don't feel anything for him;
votó por ella he voted for her
3 ( en busca de): salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread
4 ( en lo que respecta a):◊ por mí que haga lo que quiera as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes
5 (esp AmL) estar por + inf ( estar a punto de) to be about to + inf;
deben (de) estar por llegar they should be arriving any minute
1a) ( lugar):
sal por aquí go out this way;
se cayó por la escalera he fell down the stairs;
¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?;
¿por dónde has venido? which way did you come?;
está por ahí he's over there somewhere;
¿por dónde está el hotel? whereabouts is the hotel?;
viven por mi barrio they live around my area;
voy por la página 15 I'm up to o I'm on page 15;
empieza por el principio start at the beginning;
agárralo por el mango hold it by the handle
◊ viajamos por el norte de Francia we traveled around o in the North of France;
ver tb dentro, fuera, encima, etc
2 ( tiempo) for;
por el momento or por ahora for the time being, for now;
ver tb mañana, tarde, noche
3 (Esp) ( ocasión) for;
por preposición
1 (autoría) by: está escrito por mí, it was written by me
2 (camino, lugar) through: viajamos por Castilla, we travelled round Castilla
3 (medio) lo enviaron por avión, they sent it by plane
me enteré por el periódico, I read about it in the newspaper
4 (motivo, causa) because of
por tu culpa, because of you
(en favor de) for: hazlo por ellos, do it for their sake
por la libertad, for freedom
5 (en torno a) por San Juan, near Saint John's Day
6 (durante) por la mañana/noche, in the morning/at night
por el momento, for the time being
7 (a través) entramos por la puerta, we got in through the door
miramos por la ventana, we looked out (of) the window
pasamos por la ciudad, we went through the town
8 (sobre, por encima de) cruzaremos por el puente, we'll cross the bridge
9 (delante de) paso todos los días por tu casa, I go by your house every day
10 (a cambio de) for: te doy mi helado por tu yogur, I'll swap you my ice-cream for your yoghurt
11 (en una distribución, cálculo) por cabeza, a head, per person
mil pesetas por hora, a thousand pesetas per hour
dos mil revoluciones por minuto, two thousand revolutions per minute
12 (en una multiplicación) dos por dos, cuatro, two times two is four
un diez por ciento, ten per cent
13 (con infinitivo) in order to, so as to
trabajar por trabajar, to work for the sake of it
♦ Locuciones: por así decirlo, so to speak
por más/mucho que..., no matter how...
por qué, why
' por' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abogar
- abonar
- abonarse
- abotargada
- abotargado
- abuelo
- acabar
- acaso
- accidente
- acercarse
- acertar
- aclamación
- acomplejada
- acomplejado
- acomplejarse
- acoquinar
- acostumbrar
- actual
- adelantada
- adelantado
- adivinar
- admitir
- adoración
- aérea
- aéreo
- afanarse
- afectada I
- afectado
- afición
- agradecer
- aguantar
- ahí
- ahogada
- ahogado
- ahora
- ahorcarse
- ahorrar
- aire
- alegrarse
- algo
- allá
- allí
- almacén
- alquiler
- alta
- alto
- aludida
- aludido
- amarga
English:
A
- aback
- ablaze
- about
- above
- absence
- absorb
- accident
- accidentally
- acclaim
- accompany
- accord
- accordingly
- account
- accustom
- actual
- actually
- add to
- advocate
- after
- afternoon
- again
- against
- air
- airmail
- alert
- allowance
- alone
- alphabetically
- alternately
- amble
- amends
- amok
- angry
- annihilate
- annoy
- answer for
- answering service
- antipathy
- anxious
- anywhere
- apologetic
- apologize
- appal
- appall
- apparently
- appearance
- appease
- appointment
- appreciate
* * *por prep1. [indica causa] because of;llegó tarde por el tráfico she was late because of the traffic;lo hizo por amor he did it out of o for love;me disculpé por llegar tarde I apologized for arriving late;miré dentro por simple curiosidad I looked inside out of pure curiosity;accidentes por conducción temeraria accidents caused by reckless driving;muertes por enfermedades cardiovasculares deaths from cardiovascular disease;no quise llamar por la hora (que era) I didn't want to call because of the time;cerrado por vacaciones/reformas [en letrero] closed for holidays/alterations;por mí no te preocupes don't worry about me;Espfue por eso por lo que tuvimos tantos problemas, Am [m5] fue por eso que tuvimos tantos problemas that's why we had so many problems;eso te pasa por (ser tan) generoso that's what you get for being so generous;la razón por (la) que dimite the reason (why) she is resigning;¿por qué? why?;¿por qué no vienes? why don't you come?;¿por qué lo preguntas? – por nada why do you ask? – no reason;Fam¿por? why?;por si in case;por si se te olvida in case you forget2. [indica indicio]por lo que me dices/lo que he oído no debe de ser tan difícil from what you say/what I've heard, it can't be that difficult;por lo que tengo entendido, viven juntos as I understand it, they live together, my understanding is that they live together;por lo visto, por lo que se ve apparently3. [indica finalidad] (antes de infinitivo) (in order) to;* * *prp1 motivo for, because of;lo hace por mí he does it for me;lo hizo por amor she did it out of o for love;luchó por sus ideales he fought for his ideals;por miedo a ofenderle for fear of upsetting her;vino por verme he came to see me2 medio by;por avión by air;por correo by mail, Brtb by post3 tiempo:por un año/un segundo for a year/a second;por la mañana in the morning;por Navidad around Christmas:por la calle down the street;por un tunel through a tunnel;por aquí this way5 posición aproximada around, about;está por aquí it’s around here (somewhere);vive por el centro de la ciudad she lives somewhere around the center of town6 cambio:por cincuenta pesos for fifty pesos;por cabeza each, a head:por hora an o per hour;dos por dos two times two;¿por qué? why?;por el que … the reason why …;esa factura aún está por pagar that invoice still has to be paid;tomar por esposa marry;por difícil que sea however difficult it might be* * *por prep1) : for, duringse quedaron allí por la semana: they stayed there during the weekpor el momento: for now, at the moment2) : around, duringpor noviembre empieza a nevar: around November it starts to snowpor la mañana: in the morning3) : around (a place)debe estar por allí: it must be over therepor todas partes: everywhere4) : by, through, alongpor la puerta: through the doorpasé por tu casa: I stopped by your housepor la costa: along the coast5) : for, for the sake oflo hizo por su madre: he did it for his mother¡por Dios!: for heaven's sake!6) : because of, on account ofllegué tarde por el tráfico: I arrived late because of the trafficdejar por imposible: to give up as impossible7) : per60 millas por hora: 60 miles per hourpor docena: by the dozen8) : for, in exchange for, instead ofsu hermana habló por él: his sister spoke on his behalf9) : by means ofhablar por teléfono: to talk on the phonepor escrito: in writing10) : as forpor mí: as far as I'm concerned11) : timestres por dos son seis: three times two is six12) según: from, according topor lo que dices: judging from what you're telling me13) : as, forpor ejemplo: for example14) : byhecho por mi abuela: made by my grandmotherpor correo: by mail15) : for, in order tolucha por ganar su respeto: he struggles to win her respectestar por : to be about topor ciento : percentpor favor : pleasepor lo tanto : therefore, consequently¿por qué? : why?por... que : no matter howpor mucho que intente: no matter how hard I trypor si orpor si acaso : just in case* * *por prep1. (a través de) through2. (la calle) along / down3. (indica camino) via / by6. (a causa de) because of7. (a fin de) to / in order to8. (indica el autor) by9. (en favor o defensa de) for10. (multiplicado) times11. (a cambio de) for12. (en vez de) instead ofir por / ir a por to fetch¡ve a por mis zapatillas, por favor! fetch my slippers, please!por lo general generally / usuallypor si... in case...¿por qué? why? -
9 камера
( помещение) camera, ( в камерно-столбовой разработке угля) bord, bowl, box, cabinet пищ., case, cell, chamber, compartment, enclosure, room, stall, ( шины) inner tube, ( шины или рукава) tube резин.* * *ка́мера ж.1. ( помещение) chamber, compartmentгерметизи́ровать ка́меру1. ( уплотнять) seal the chamber2. ( создавать положительный перепад давления) pressurize the chamber2. ( внутренняя оболочка шины) (inner) tube3. ( внутренняя часть фотоаппарата) camera4. горн. chamberка́мера Бо́йса — Boys rotating lens-type cameraброди́льная ка́мера — fermentation roomбурова́я ка́мера — drill chamberва́куумная ка́мера — vacuum chamberва́куумно-косми́ческая ка́мера — space chamberва́рочная ка́мера ( для вулканизации шин) — curing bagвентиляцио́нная ка́мера — air-ventilation chamberвзрывна́я ка́мера горн. — blasting chamberка́мера Ви́льсона — (Wilson) cloud chamberка́мера Ви́льсона, диффузио́нная — diffusion cloud chamberвла́жная ка́мера — moist chamberводоприё́мная ка́мера гидр. — water intake chamberвозду́шная ка́мера — wind chamberка́мера вса́сывания ( в насосе) — inlet chamberвулканизацио́нная ка́мера — vulcanization [curing] chamberвысо́тная ка́мера — altitude chamber(высо́тная) ка́мера воспроизво́дит усло́вия, существу́ющие на больши́х высо́тах — an altitude chamber simulates conditions up to extreme hightsвытяжна́я ка́мера — exhaust chamberка́мера глазирова́ния пищ. — glazing chamberка́мера глуши́теля — baffle chamberка́мера горе́ния ( в печи) — primary furnaceка́мера грохоче́ния горн. — grizzly chamberгрязева́я ка́мера — mud chamberка́мера давле́ния — pressure vessel; pressure chamberдезактивацио́нная ка́мера ( для обработки после поражения радиоактивными веществами) — decontamination chamberдезинфекцио́нная ка́мера — disinfectorдекомпрессио́нная ка́мера — decompression chamberка́мера деле́ния яд. физ. — fission chamberка́мера деле́ния, многоэлектро́дная — multiplate fission chamberдели́тельная ка́мера яд. физ. — fission chamberдистилляцио́нная ка́мера — distillation chamberдиффузио́нно-конденсацио́нная ка́мера — diffusion (cloud) chamberка́мера для дожига́ния ( отходящих газов) — combustion chamberка́мера для запа́рки поча́тков текст. — cop steaming boxка́мера для испыта́ния в солево́м тума́не, коррозио́нная — salt-spray chamberка́мера для окра́ски распыле́нием авто — (paint) spray boothка́мера догора́ния ( в печи) — secondary furnace, secondary combustion spaceка́мера дожига́ния ав. — reheat [afterburner] chamberдожига́тельная ка́мера ( в печи) — secondary furnace, secondary combustion spaceдробестру́йная ка́мера — shot-blasting chamberка́мера дробле́ния1. горн. crusher chamber2. ( щековой дробилки) breaking spaceдугогаси́тельная ка́мера ( в выключателях-автоматах) — arc chuteдутьева́я ка́мера ( в печи) — wind boxзаглушё́нная ка́мера ак. — anechoic [echo-free] chamber, dead [free-field] roomзагру́зочная ка́мера1. loading chamber2. с.-х. feed chamberзака́лочная ка́мера — hardening [quenching] chamberзаря́дная ка́мера горн. — charging room, battery (charging) roomизмельчи́тельная ка́мера с.-х. — chopper chamberионизацио́нная ка́мера — ionization [ion] chamberионизацио́нная, воздухоэквивале́нтная ка́мера — air-equivalent ionization chamberионизацио́нная, возду́шная ка́мера — free-air ionization chamberионизацио́нная, двойна́я ка́мера — back-to-back ionization [double ionization] chamberионизацио́нная, дифференциа́льная ка́мера — differential ionization chamberионизацио́нная, и́мпульсная ка́мера — pulse ionization chamberионизацио́нная, интегри́рующая ка́мера — integrating ionization chamberионизацио́нная, компенсацио́нная ка́мера — compensated ionization chamberионизацио́нная, напё́рстковая ка́мера — thimble ionization chamberионизацио́нная, прото́чная ка́мера — flow-type ionization chamberионизацио́нная ка́мера с электро́нным и́мпульсом — fast ionization chamberионизацио́нная, тканеэквивале́нтная ка́мера — tissue-equivalent ionization chamberионизацио́нная, экстраполяцио́нная ка́мера — extrapolation ionization chamberискроулови́тельная ка́мера метал. — spark condensing chamberка́мера иску́сственного кли́мата — environmental [climatic] chamber, climatizerка́мера ка́бельной ли́нии — cable line cellкиносъё́мочная ка́мера — motion-picture [cine] cameraкиносъё́мочная, люби́тельская ка́мера — amateur cine cameraкиносъё́мочная, многообъекти́вная ка́мера — multiple-lens cameraкиносъё́мочная, мультипликацио́нная ка́мера — animation-cartoon cameraкиносъё́мочная, подво́дная ка́мера — underwater motion-picture [underwater cine] cameraкиносъё́мочная, регистрацио́нная ка́мера — instrumentation cameraкиносъё́мочная, ручна́я ка́мера — band-held motion-picture [hand-held cine] cameraкиносъё́мочная, скоростна́я ка́мера — high-speed cine cameraкла́панная ка́мера — valve chamberкоагуляцио́нная ка́мера — coagulation tankка́мера коксова́ния — coking chamberкомпрессио́нная ка́мера — compression chamberконденсацио́нная ка́мера — (Wilson) cloud [condensing] chamberка́мера кондициони́рования — conditioning chamberкопти́льная ка́мера — smoking [smoke] chamber, smoke-room, smoke cabinetка́мера котла́, водяна́я — heater of a boilerлучева́я ка́мера ( для электроннолучевой плавки) — beam chamberка́мера манипуляцио́нная ручна́я ка́мера ( для работы с радиоактивными веществами) — glove boxка́мера молоти́лки, приё́мная — feeder houseмолоти́льная ка́мера — heating chamberморози́льная ка́мера — freezing room, freezing chamberка́мера нагнета́ния ( насоса) — discharge [pressure] chamberнапо́рная ка́мера ( насоса) — discharge [pressure] chamberнаправля́ющая ка́мера ( для ленты видеомагнитофона) — concave guideнасо́сная ка́мера горн. — pump chamber, pump roomнизкотемперату́рная ка́мера — cold chamberка́мера облуче́ния — irradiation chamberка́мера оку́ривания — fumigating chamber, fumigator roomосади́тельная ка́мера — settling chamberоса́дочная ка́мера — settling vesselотжига́тельная ка́мера — annealing chamberка́мера отрыва́ющего аппара́та с.-х. — stripping chamberотсто́йная ка́мера — settling chamberка́мера охлажде́ния ( топки) — secondary furnaceка́мера очё́са с.-х. — combing chamberпарова́я ка́мера — steam chamberпека́рная ка́мера — baking chamberплави́льная ка́мера — melt(ing) chamberка́мера подава́теля комба́йна — feeder houseка́мера подогре́ва двс. — (pre)heating chamberпомо́льная ка́мера метал. — grinding chamberпоплавко́вая ка́мера тепл. — float chamberка́мера предвари́тельного прессова́ния с.-х. — precompression chamberпредсоплова́я ка́мера ( летательного аппарата на воздушной подушке) — plenum chamberпрессова́льная ка́мера с.-х. — bale [baling] chamberка́мера прессова́ния ( в литье под давлением) — pressure chamberприё́мная ка́мера1. inlet chamber2. с.-х. feed chamberпромы́вочная ка́мера — washing chamberпропа́рочная ка́мера — steam-curing chamberпряди́льная ка́мера — spinning cellпузырько́вая ка́мера яд. физ. — bubble chamberпузырько́вая, «чи́стая» ка́мера яд. физ. — clean-type bubble chamberпускова́я ка́мера ракет. — precombustion chamberпылеосади́тельная ка́мера — dust-collecting chamberпылеотдели́тельная ка́мера — dust-separation chamberразгру́зочная ка́мера1. с.-х. discharge chamber2. тепл. balancing chamberразря́дная ка́мера — discharge chamberраспа́рочная ка́мера рез. — steam-softening chamberка́мера распредели́тельного устро́йства эл. — switchgear cellраспыли́тельная ка́мера1. spray [atomizing] chamber2. двс. jet chamberрасшири́тельная ка́мера — expansion chamberреверберацио́нная ка́мера — reverberation chamberрентге́новская ка́мера — X-ray cameraрентге́новская, порошко́вая ка́мера — powder X-ray cameraка́мера сгора́ния — combustion chamber… происхо́дит прога́р ка́меры сгора́ния ркт. — …then the combustion chamber burns up [burns out]удаля́ть нага́р из ка́меры сгора́ния двс. — de-gum the combustion chamberка́мера сгора́ния, вихрева́я — high-turbulence [vortex, swirl-type] combustion chamberка́мера сгора́ния, кольцева́я ( газотурбинного двигателя) — annular combustion chamberка́мера сгора́ния ма́ршевого дви́гателя — sustainer [cruising] chamberка́мера сгора́ния, противото́чная — reverse-flow combustion chamberка́мера сгора́ния, прямото́чная — straight flow [direct-flow] combustion chamberка́мера сгора́ния, сверхзвукова́я — supersonic combustorка́мера сгора́ния со стабилиза́торами пла́мени — can combustorка́мера сгора́ния с плё́ночным охлажде́нием — film-cooled combustion chamberка́мера сгора́ния с турбулиза́торами пото́ка — baffle-type combustorка́мера сгора́ния, тру́бчатая — tubular-type [can-type] combustion chamberка́мера сгора́ния, тру́бчато-кольцева́я — canular combustion chamberка́мера сгора́ния, поворо́тная — swiveling combustion chamberсеменна́я ка́мера с.-х. — seed vesselка́мера сжа́тия двс. — compression chamberсмеси́тельная ка́мера — plenum [mixing] chamberсмесите́льная ка́мера карбюра́тора — mixing tubeсоплова́я ка́мера тепл. — steam belt; nozzle chamberсортиру́ющая ка́мера ( масс-спектрометра) — sorting chamberка́мера спектро́графа — spectrograph cameraспира́льная ка́мера ( гидротурбины) — spiral caseстереофотограмметри́ческая ка́мера — stereometric camera, photogrammetric stereocameraстерилизацио́нная ка́мера с.-х. — sterilizing boxсульфитацио́нная ка́мера пищ. — sulphitation chamberсуши́льная ка́мера — drying cell, drying chamberсуши́льная ка́мера непреры́вного де́йствия дер.-об. — continuous kilnсуши́льная ка́мера периоди́ческого де́йствия дер.-об. — intermittent kilnтелевизио́нная (передаю́щая) ка́мера — television [TV] cameraповора́чивать телевизио́нную ка́меру в вертика́льном направле́ний — tilt the cameraповора́чивать телевизио́нную ка́меру в горизонта́льном направле́нии — pan the cameraтелевизио́нная, переносна́я ка́мера — portable pick-up TV cameraтелевизио́нная, репорта́жная ка́мера — field TV cameraтелевизио́нная ка́мера с бегу́щим лучо́м — flying-spot TV cameraтелевизио́нная, студи́йная ка́мера — studio TV cameraтелевизио́нная, цветна́я ка́мера — colour TV cameraтелевизио́нная, чё́рно-бе́лая ка́мера — monochrome TV cameraто́почная ка́мера тепл. — furnaceтороида́льная ка́мера ( ускорителя частиц) — toroidal chamber, doughnutка́мера увлажне́ния дер.-об. — humidifying chamberувлажни́тельная ка́мера пищ. — humidifying chamberуравни́тельная ка́мера — singe tankуспокои́тельная ка́мера ( аэродинамической трубы) — plenum chamberферментацио́нная ка́мера пищ. — fermentation roomфорса́жная ка́мера ав. — afterburnerка́мера форсу́нки ав. — nozzle chamberфотографи́ческая ка́мера — (photographic) cameraфотографи́ческая, зерка́льная ка́мера — reflex (photographic) cameraфотографи́ческая ка́мера кругово́го обзо́ра — all-sky (photographic) cameraфотографи́ческая, лу́нная ка́мера астр. — moon (photographic) cameraфотографи́ческая, широкоуго́льная ка́мера — wide-angle (photographic) cameraфоторепродукцио́нная ка́мера — process [reproducing] cameraка́мера хлопкоубо́рочной маши́ны, приё́мная — cotton receiving chamberка́мера хлопкоубо́рочной маши́ны, рабо́чая — picking throat, cotton picking receptacleхолоди́льная ка́мера — refrigerating chamberхолоди́льная, сбо́рная ка́мера — sectional coolerка́мера хране́ния багажа́ — cloakroom, luggage roomцикло́нная ка́мера — vortex chamberшвицева́льная ка́мера кож. — sweat pitка́мера ши́ны — tyre (inner) tubeка́мера ши́ны, автомоби́льная — automobile (inner) tubeка́мера ши́ны, велосипе́дная — bicycle (inner) tubeка́мера ши́ны, самозакле́ивающаяся — self-sealing (inner) tubeка́мера шлаковика́ — slag chamberшлюзова́я ка́мера — sluice [lock] chamberщитова́я ка́мера горн. — shield chamberэкологи́ческая ка́мера с.-х. — environmental cabinetэлектроли́тная ка́мера — electrolyte chamberэмульсио́нная ка́мера яд. физ. — emulsion chamber, pellicle stack -
10 telefonía
f.telephony.* * *1 telephony, telephone system\telefonía móvil mobile telephones* * *SF telephonyred de telefonía móvil — mobile phone (Brit) o cellphone (EEUU) network
servicios de telefonía móvil — mobile phone (Brit) o cellphone (EEUU) services
telefonía celular — mobile phone (Brit) o cellphone (EEUU) system
* * *= telephony.Ex. Telephony and data communication require point-to-point transmission (from a specific transmitting dish aerial to another, receiving dish).----* antena de telefonía móvil = cellular antenna.* mercado de telefonía móvil = mobile telephone market.* red de telefonía móvil = mobile network.* servicio de telefonía móvil = mobile telephone service, mobile phone service.* * *= telephony.Ex: Telephony and data communication require point-to-point transmission (from a specific transmitting dish aerial to another, receiving dish).
* antena de telefonía móvil = cellular antenna.* mercado de telefonía móvil = mobile telephone market.* red de telefonía móvil = mobile network.* servicio de telefonía móvil = mobile telephone service, mobile phone service.* * *telephony ( frml)la telefonía rural the rural telephone systemCompuestos:fixed line telephony* * *
telefonía sustantivo femenino telephony
telefonía móvil, mobile phones
* * *telefonía nftelephonytelefonía básica basic telephony;telefonía celular cellphones, Br mobile phones;telefonía fija fixed telephony;telefonía móvil mobile telephony;* * *f telephony -
11 сборник
1) General subject: accumulator cell, album (стихов, миниатюр), body of, collection, corpus, digest, miscellanea, miscellany, omnibus, one shot (тематический), repertory, symposium2) Naval: summary3) Medicine: receiver jar, tank4) Engineering: ACC, accumulator, accumulator tank, collecting tank, collector, collector box, collector jar, drain tank, header, receiver, receptacle, recipient, recovery bottle, scoop, tank trap (резервуар)5) Mathematics: collection (of works), compendium, transaction, transactions6) Railway term: chamber collector8) Cinema: miscellanies9) Metallurgy: storage tank10) Polygraphy: composite book, miscellany (литературных произведений разного жанра), sump11) Information technology: bin12) Oil: accumulator cell (в опробователе), collecting box, down-tank, downtank, holding tank, manifold, receiving tank13) Perfume: collecting vessel14) Ecology: intake tank, trap15) Oil&Gas technology accumulator (гидравлический аккумулятор системы управления ПВП), downtake, pool16) Polymers: catch-all tank, catchall, collection vessel, pit, save-all, trough18) Makarov: body (законов и т.п.), book, collected book (вид издания), collected volume (вид издания), collector (напр., летучей золы, пыли), gathering tank -
12 фотодетектор
1) General subject: phosphoric acid2) Engineering: image-storage device, imaging device, light sensor, light-sensitive cell, optical sensor, photodetector, photoreceiver, photosensitive cell, photosensor3) Construction: photocell, photoelectric detector, photoelectric receptor4) Telecommunications: light-sensitive detector, light-sensor photodetector, photodevice5) Astronautics: photo detector6) Microelectronics: light-receiving element7) Makarov: photodetector (см.тж. фотоприёмник) -
13 मधु _madhu
मधु a. (-धु or-ध्वी f.) [मन्यत इति मधु, मन्-उ नस्य धः Uṇ.1.18) Sweet, pleasant, agreeable, delightful; आपापयति गोविन्दपादपद्मासवं मधु Bhāg.1.18.12; त्वया सह निवत्स्यामि वनेषु मधुगन्धिषु U.2.18. -f. N. of a plant (जीवा, जीवन्ती). -n.-(धु) 1 Honey; एतास्ता मधुनो धाराश्च्योतन्ति सविषास्त्वयि U.3.34; मधु तिष्ठति जिह्वाग्रे हृदये तु हलाहलम्.-2 The juice or nectar of flowers; मधु द्विरेफः कुसुमैकपात्रे पपौ प्रियां स्वामनुवर्तमानः Ku.3.36; देहि मुखकमलमधुपानम् Gīt.1.-3 A sweet intoxicating drink, wine, spirituous liquor; विनयन्ते स्म तद्योधा मधुभिर्विजयश्रमम् R.4.65; Ṛs. 1.3.-4 Water.-5 Sugar.-6 Sweetness.-7 Any- thing sweet.-8 Ved. Soma juice.-9 Milk or anything produced from milk (Ved.).-1 A bee-hive; केचित्- पीत्वापविध्यन्ति मधूनि मधुपिङ्गलाः Rām.5.62.1.-11 Bee-wax; Ms.1.88. -m.(धुः) 1 The spring or vernal season; मधुरया मधुबोधितमाधवी Śi.6.2; क्व नु ते हृदयंगमः सखा कुसुमायोजितकार्मुको मधुः Ku.4.24,25;3.1,3.-2 The month of Chaitra; भास्करस्य मधुमाधवाविव R.11.7; मासे मधौ मधुरकोकिलभृङ्गनादै रामा हरन्ति हृदयं प्रसभं नराणाम् Ṛs.6. 25.-3 N. of a demon killed by Viṣṇu.-4 N. of another demon, father of Rāvaṇa and killed by Śatru- ghna.-5 The Aśoka tree.-6 N. of king Kārtavīrya.-Comp. -अष्ठीला a lump of honey, clotted honey.-आधारः wax.-आपात a. having honey at the first taste; शक्तः परजने दाता स्वजने दुःखजीविनि । मध्वापातो विषास्वादः स धर्मप्रतिरूपकः ॥ Ms.11.9.-आम्रः a kind of mango tree.-आलु n.,-आलुकम् sweet potato.-आवासः the mango tree.-आसवः sweet spirituous liquor (made from honey).-आसवनिकः distiller, vintner.-आस्वाद a. having the taste of honey.-आहुतिः f. a sacrificial offering of sweet things.-उच्छिष्टम्, -उत्थभ्, -उत्थितभ् 1 bees'-wax; शस्त्रासवमधूच्छिष्टं मधु लाक्षा च बर्हिषः Y.3.37; मधूच्छिष्टेन केचिच्च जध्नुरन्योन्यमुत्कटाः Rām.5.62.11.-2 the casting of an image in wax; Mānasāra; the name of 68th chapter.-उत्सवः the spring or vernal festival celebrated on the full-moon day of Chaitra.-उदकम् 'honey-water', water mixed with honey, hydromel.-उद्यानम् a spring-garden.-उपघ्नम् 'the abode of Madhu', an epithet of Mathurā; स च प्राप मधूपघ्नं कुम्भीन- स्याश्च कुक्षिजः R.15.15.-उषितम् wax.-कण्ठः the cuckoo.-करः 1 a large black bee; कुटजे खलु तेनेहा तेने हा मधुकरेण कथम् Bv.1.1; R.9.3; Me.37,49; सर्वतः सारमादत्ते यथा मधुकरो बुधः Bhāg.-2 a lover, libertine.-3 sweet lime. (-री) a female bee; न च मधुकरीवदन्नरस- भोजिन्यो देवता इति प्रमाणमस्ति ŚB. on MS.9.1.9. ˚गणः, ˚श्रेणिः f. a swarm of bees.-कर्कटी 1 sweet lime, a kind of citron.-2 A kind of date.-काननम्, -वनम् the forest of the demon Madhu.-कारः, -कारिन् m. a bee.-कुक्कुटिका, -कुक्कुटी a sort of citron tree.-कुल्या a stream of honey.-कृत् m. a bee; Bhāg. 11.7.33.-केशटः a bee.-कोशः, -षः 1 a bee-hive.-2 a honey comb.-क्रमः 1 a bee-hive.-2 a honey comb. (pl.) drinking-bout, carousals.-क्षीरः, -क्षीरकः a Kharjūra tree.-गन्धः the Bakula tree.-गन्धि, -गन्धिक a. scented with honey, sweet-smelling; वनेषु मधुगन्धिषु U.2.18.-गायनः the cuckoo.-गुञ्जनः the drum-stick plant (Mar. शेवगा).-ग्रहः a libation of honey.-घोषः the cuckoo.-च्युत्, -त, -श्च्युत् a.1 dropping or distilling honey; ददतु तरवः पुष्पैरर्घ्यं फलैश्च मधुश्च्युतः U.3.24.-2 mellifluous, overflowing with sweets.-जम् bees'-wax.-जा 1 sugar-candy.-2 the earth.-जम्बीरः a kind of citron.-जित्, -द्विष्, -निषूदन, -निहन्तृ m.,-मथः, -मथनः, -रिपुः, -शत्रुः, -सूदनः epithets or Viṣṇu; इति मधुरिपुणा सखी नियुक्ता Gīt.5; R.9.48; Śi.15.1.-जीवनः N. of plant (Mar. बेहडा).-तृणः, -णम् sugar cane.-त्रयम् the three sweet things; i. e. sugar, honey, and clarified butter.-दीपः the god of love.-दूतः the mango tree.-दोहः the extracting of sweetness or honey.-द्रः 1 a bee.-2 a libertine.-द्रवः N. of a tree having red blossoms (Mar. तांबडा शेवगा).-द्रुमः the mango tree.-धातुः a kind of yellow pyrites (सुवर्णमाक्षिक).-धारा a stream of honey.-धूलिः f. molasses.-धेनुः honey offered to Brāhmaṇas in the form of a cow.-नाडी a cell in a honey-comb.-नारिकेलः, -नारिकेरकः a kind of cocoanut (Mar. मोहाचा नारळ).-नेतृ m. bee.-पः a bee or a drunkard; राजप्रियाः कैरविण्यो रमन्ते मधुपैः सह Bv.1.126;1.63 (where both meanings are intended).-पटलम् a bee-hive.-पतिः an epithet of Kṛiṣṇa.-पर्कः 1 'a mixture of honey', a respectful offering made to a guest or to the bridegroom on his arrival at the door of the father of the bride; (its usual ingredients are five:- दधि सर्पिर्जलं क्षौद्रं सिता चैतैश्च पञ्चभिः । प्रोच्यते मधुपर्कः); समांसो मधुपर्कः U.4; असिस्वदद्यन्मधु- पर्कमर्पितं स तद् व्यधात्तर्कमुदर्कदर्शिनाम् । यदैष पास्यन्मधु भीमजाधरं मिषेण पुण्याहविधिं तदा कृतम् N.16.13; Ms.3.119 et seq.-2 the ceremony of receiving a guest.-पर्किकः one who praises at the time of मधुपर्क; पठन्ति पाणिस्वनिका मागधा मधुपर्किकाः Mb.7.82.2. (com. मधुपर्किकाः माङ्गल्योपस्थापकाः).-पर्क्य a. worthy of madhuparka q. v.-पर्णिका, -पर्णी the Indigo plant.-पाका sweet melon.-पात्रम् a wine-jug.-पानम् drinking wine; धनलवमधुपानभ्रान्त- सर्वेन्द्रियाणाम् Bh.-पायिन् m. a bee.-पालः a honey- keeper.-पुरम्, -री an epithet of Mathurā; संप्रत्युज्झित- वासनं मधुपुरीमध्ये हरिः सेव्यते Bv.4.44.-पुष्पः 1 the Aśoka tree.-2 the Bakula tree.-3 the Dantī tree.-4 the Śirīṣa tree.-प्रणयः addiction to wine.-प्रमेहः diabetes, sacharine urine.-प्राशनम् one of the sixteen purificatory Samskāras (which consists in putting a little honey into the mouth of a new-born male child).-प्रियः an epithet of Balarāma.-फलः a kind of cocoa- nut.-फलिका a kind of date.-बहुला the Mādhavī creeper.-बा(वी)जः a pomegranate tree.-बी(वी)- जपूरः a kind of citron.-भूमिकः an epithet of Yogin in the second order.-मक्षः, -क्षा, -मक्षिका a bee.-मज्जनः the tree called आखोट.-मत्त a.1 drunk with wine.-2 excited by the spring.-मदः the intoxication of liquor.-मन्थः a kind of drink mixed with honey.-मल्लिः, -ल्ली f. the Mālatī creeper.-मस्तकम् a kind of sweetmeat made of honey, flour, oil, and ghee; मधुतैलघृतैर्मध्ये वेष्टिताः समिताश्च याः । मधुमस्तकमुद्दिष्टम्..... Śabda-chandrikā.-माक्षिकम् = मधुधातु q. v.-माधवम्, -वौ the two spring months (चैत्र and वैशाख).-माधवी 1 a kind of intoxicating drink; क्रीडन्त्यो$भिरताः सर्वाः पिबन्त्यो मधुमाधवीम् Mb.1.81.3.-2 any springflower.-माध्वीकम् a kind of intoxicating liquor.-मारकः a bee.-मांसम् honey and meat; Ms.11.158.-मूलम् N. of an edible root (like Mar. रताळें, सुरण).-मेहः मधुप्रमेह q. v.-यष्टिः, -ष्टी f.1 sugar-cane.-2 liquorice.-यष्टिका, -वल्ली liquorice.-रस a. sweet-flavoured, sweet.-(सः) 1 the wine-palm.-2 sugarcane.-3 sweetness.-(सा) 1 a bunch of grapes.-2 vine.-लग्नः N. of a tree.-लिह्, -लेह्, -लेहिन् m.-लोलुपः a bee; so मधुनोलेहः; मधुलिहां मधुदानविशारदा R.9.29; मधुलेहिगीतौ Bk.; मधुलिह इव मधुबिन्दून् विरलानपि भजत गुणलेशान् Ve.1.5.-वनम् 1 N. of the forest inhabited by the demon Madhu where Śatrughna founded Mathurā.-2 N. of the forest of Sugrīva. (-नः) the cuckoo.-वल्ली 1 liquorice.-2 a kind of grape-3 Sweet citron.-वाच् the Indian cuckoo.-वाराः (m. pl.) drinking often and often, tippling, carousing; जज्ञिरे बहुमताः प्रमदानामोष्ठयावक- नुदा मधुवाराः Ki.9.59; क्षालितं नु शमितं नु वधूनां द्रावितं नु हृदयं मधुवारैः Śi.1.14; sometimes in the sing, also; see: अङ्गनास्यचषकैर्मधुवारः Ki.9.57.-विद्या N. of a mystical doctrine.-व्रतः a bee; मार्मिकः को मरन्दानामन्तरेण मधुव्रतम् Bv.1.117; तस्मिन्नद्य मधुव्रते विधिवशान्माध्वीकमाकाङ्क्षति 46; मालां मधुव्रतवरूथगिरोपघुष्टाम् Bhāg.-शर्करा honey-sugar.-शाखः a kind of tree.-शिला = मधुधातु q. v.-शिष्टम्, -शेषम् wax.-श्री beauty of spring.-सखः, -सहायः, -सारथिः, -सुहृद् m. the god of love.-संधानम् brandy.-सिक्थकः a kind of poison.-सूदनः 1 a bee; गायन् कलं क्रीडति पद्मिनीषु मधूनि पीत्वा मधुसूदनो$सौ Chanḍ. M.-2 an epithet of Viṣṇu; भक्तानां कर्मणां चैव सूदनान्मधुसूदनः-3 N. of a writer of works like अद्वैतसिद्धि.-स्थानम् a bee-hive.-स्रवः a. dropping honey or sweetness.-(वा) 1 liquo- rice.-2 N. of the third day in the bright half of Śrāvaṇa.-स्वरः the cuckoo.-हन् m.1 a destroyer or collector of honey; सर्वथा संहतैरेव दुर्बलैर्बलवानपि । अमित्रः शक्यते हन्तुं मधुहा भ्रमरैरिव ॥ Mb.3.33.7; Bhāg.11.7.34.-2 a kind of bird of prey.-3 a sooth-sayer.-4 an epithet of Viṣṇu. -
14 сепаратор
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15 פרש
פָּרַש(b. h.) (to divide, separate, 1) (neut. verb) to go away, go aside, depart; to keep off. Yoma I, 5 הוא פוֹרֵש … פּוֹרְשִׁיןוכ׳ he turned aside and wept, and so did they. Y.Keth.I, 25d bot. ראו אותו פירש מציפורין they saw him come out of Sepphoris (so that he is presumably an inhabitant of Sepphoris); פירש מן הבתים they saw him leave one of the houses of Sepphoris. Num. R. s. 9 את פָּרַשְׁתְּ מדרךוכ׳ thou didst depart from the way (disregard the customs) of Israels daughters. Zeb.113a (play on פרשה, Num. 19:5) מקים שפּוֹרֶשֶׁת למיתהוכ׳ there where she departs for death, she shall be burnt. Y.M. Kat. I, 80b bot. (ref. to Lev. 13:45) כדי שתהא טומאה … פְּרוֹש: that the uncleanness itself may cry out …, ‘keep off; Y.Maas. Sh. V, beg. 55d; a. fr. 2) to pass, cross. Yalk. Prov. 946; Yalk. Num. 738 הספינות פּוֹרְשוֹת בים the ships make their way through the sea. 3) (act. verb) to separate, keep off. Num. R. s. 10 כשם שאדם פירש את עצמווכ׳ as a person keeps himself away (abstains) from the fruits of Orlah, so will those who misbehave towards their handmaids, be separated from the virtuous on the day of judgment.; a. fr.Part. pass. פָּרוּש, q. v. 4) (cmp. פָּרַט) to single out, specify, speak distinctly. Ib. (expl. יַפְלִא, Num. 6:2) כשיִפְרוֹש לנדורוכ׳ when he speaks out his vow, to the exclusion of him who thinks it in his heart; a. fr.Sifré Num. 24 עד שיפרוש לך … כדרך שפירשוכ׳ (Yalk. ib. 710 שיפרוט … שפרט), v. פָּרַט. Nif. נִפְרַש to be separated, kept away. Lev. R. s. 22 והן נִפְרָשִׁים מעבודה זרה and thus they will be kept away from idolatrous worship; a. e. Pi. פֵּירֵש 1) (neut. verb) to depart, withdraw; to abstain. Snh.82b היה לו … לפרוש ולא פי׳ Zimri might have withdrawn (from the woman), but he did not. Ib. a אם פ׳וכ׳ if Z. had withdrawn, and Phineas had slain him Pes.87b פ׳ מן האשה withdrew from contact with his wife. Gen. R. s. 20 שפֵּייְשָׁה היה מאדם that Eve was separated from Adam.Sabb.86b פירשה מן האיש the semen issued from a man.Pes.49b שנה ופ׳ קשהוכ׳ he that studied and gave it up, is the worst of all (in hostility to scholars); a. fr. 2) to go on a voyage; to cross the ocean (cmp. פָּלַג Hif.). Y.M. Kat. III, beg. 81c אסיר לפָרֵש לים הגדול it is forbidden to start on a sea voyage (during the festive week). Y.Yeb.XVI, 15d top עשיתי מְפָרֵשוכ׳ I was crossing Y.Meg.II, 73b top מְפָרְשֵׁי ימים voyagers on the sea; a. fr. 3) (act. verb) to separate. Gen. R. s. 22 אילו רצה המלך פֵּירְשָׁן ולא רצה המלך לפָרְשָׁן if the king desired it, he would separate them (the fighters), but the king does not wish to separate them; Yalk. ib. 38. 4) to specify, express clearly. Ib. א״א לפה לפָרְשוֹ no mouth can express it. Men.91a דמְפָרֵש when he (in making his vow) specified (‘sheep or ‘cattle), opp. בסתמא. Gen. R. s. 6 אנשי … פֵּירְשוּ איתו the men of the Great Assembly said it plainly. Snh.VII, 5 עד שיְפָרֵש השם until he mentions the Name expressly (uses the Tetragrammaton), opp. כִּינּוּי. Gitt.36a שיהו עדים מְפָרְשִׁין שמותיהן that witnesses must sign their full names; a. fr.Part. pass. מְפיֹרָש, f. מְפוֹרֶשֶׁת; pl. מְפוֹרָשִׁים, מְפוֹרָשִׁין; מְפוֹרָשוֹת. B. Kam.54b, a. fr. מה הפרט מפ׳, v. פְּרָט. B. Mets.94b שלישת בשואל מפ׳ that the third paragraph treats of a borrower, is explicitly stated (Ex. 22:13). Sot.38a, a. fr. שם המפ׳ the special Name (the Tetragrammaton), v. supra. Zeb.53a, v. סָתַם. Ḥag.22b ומה סתימות … מפ׳וכ׳ if your undefined teachings are so well-founded, how much more your explicit teachings; a. fr. 5) to explain, interpret, define. Ned.2b פתח … ומפרש ידות the Mishnah begins with kinnuyim …, and goes on explaining yadoth! Zeb.13a ואין לי לפרש and I am unable to explain (the reason of the distinction between receiving and sprinkling the blood); אני אֲפָרֵש I shall explain it. Ned.81a דבר זה … ולא פֵירְשוּהוּ עד שפֵּירְשוֹוכ׳ that question (Jer. 9:11) was asked of prophets and scholars, and they could not explain it, until the Lord himself explained it (ib. 12). Kat. 16b; Ber.18a לא פֵירְשוּ לך they did not interpret (the verse) to you; v. שָׁנָה. Gen. R. s. 31 ולא פ׳ and did not explain (of what material the serpent was to be made); Y.R. Hash. III, end, 59a; a. fr.Part. pass. as ab. Meg.3a, a. e. (ref. to Neh. 8:8) מפ׳ זה תרגים mforash means interpretation. Hithpa. הִתְפָּרֵש, Nithpa. נִתְפָּרֵש to be specified, defined; to be explained. Lev. R. s. 6 כל נביא שנתפ׳ a prophet; whose name is stated. Gen. R. l. c. בשלשה נ׳ ובאחד לא נ׳ in three places (in which עֲשֵׁה occurs) the command is specified, but in the fourth (Num. 21:8) it is not specified, v. supra. Yalk. Gen. 20 דבר שאינו מִתְפָּרֵש במקימווכ׳ a thing which is not defined in its original place but is defined i in another passage; a. e. Hif. הִפְרִיש 1) to separate; to set aside, dedicate. Yoma I, 1 מִפְרִישִׁין כהןוכ׳ they removed the high priest from his house to the cell Ter. IV, 1 המַפְרִיש מקצתוכ׳ he who sets aside one portion of what is due of Trumah or tithes. Num. R. s. 10 (ref. to Num. 6:11, ועשה) שיַפְרִשֵׁם הכהןוכ׳ that the priest when offering them designates them, one for a sin-offering Ib. (ref. to Prov. 23:32) מה צפעון זה מפריש … כך היין מפרישוכ׳ as the adder divides between life and death, so wine removes from the ways of life to those of death; Lev. R. s. 12 כךה׳ היין בין אדםוכ׳ so wine caused a separation between Adam and Eve; ה׳ היין בין נח לבניו לעבדות wine caused a division between Noah and his sons with regard to slavery; ה׳ היין בין אהרן ובניו למיתה wine caused a division between Aaron and his sons with regard to death; Yalk. Prov. 960. Tam.IV, 3 מן הכבד …ה׳ severed the lungs from the liver; a. fr.Part. pass. מוּפְרָש. Ned.I, 1 מוּפְרְשַׁנִי ממך I will be separated from thee (will have no dealings with thee, accept no favors); ib. 5a; a. e. 2) to go to sea. Gen. R. s. 13 היו מַפְרִישִׁין ליםוכ׳ were crossing the ocean; a. e. -
16 פָּרַש
פָּרַש(b. h.) (to divide, separate, 1) (neut. verb) to go away, go aside, depart; to keep off. Yoma I, 5 הוא פוֹרֵש … פּוֹרְשִׁיןוכ׳ he turned aside and wept, and so did they. Y.Keth.I, 25d bot. ראו אותו פירש מציפורין they saw him come out of Sepphoris (so that he is presumably an inhabitant of Sepphoris); פירש מן הבתים they saw him leave one of the houses of Sepphoris. Num. R. s. 9 את פָּרַשְׁתְּ מדרךוכ׳ thou didst depart from the way (disregard the customs) of Israels daughters. Zeb.113a (play on פרשה, Num. 19:5) מקים שפּוֹרֶשֶׁת למיתהוכ׳ there where she departs for death, she shall be burnt. Y.M. Kat. I, 80b bot. (ref. to Lev. 13:45) כדי שתהא טומאה … פְּרוֹש: that the uncleanness itself may cry out …, ‘keep off; Y.Maas. Sh. V, beg. 55d; a. fr. 2) to pass, cross. Yalk. Prov. 946; Yalk. Num. 738 הספינות פּוֹרְשוֹת בים the ships make their way through the sea. 3) (act. verb) to separate, keep off. Num. R. s. 10 כשם שאדם פירש את עצמווכ׳ as a person keeps himself away (abstains) from the fruits of Orlah, so will those who misbehave towards their handmaids, be separated from the virtuous on the day of judgment.; a. fr.Part. pass. פָּרוּש, q. v. 4) (cmp. פָּרַט) to single out, specify, speak distinctly. Ib. (expl. יַפְלִא, Num. 6:2) כשיִפְרוֹש לנדורוכ׳ when he speaks out his vow, to the exclusion of him who thinks it in his heart; a. fr.Sifré Num. 24 עד שיפרוש לך … כדרך שפירשוכ׳ (Yalk. ib. 710 שיפרוט … שפרט), v. פָּרַט. Nif. נִפְרַש to be separated, kept away. Lev. R. s. 22 והן נִפְרָשִׁים מעבודה זרה and thus they will be kept away from idolatrous worship; a. e. Pi. פֵּירֵש 1) (neut. verb) to depart, withdraw; to abstain. Snh.82b היה לו … לפרוש ולא פי׳ Zimri might have withdrawn (from the woman), but he did not. Ib. a אם פ׳וכ׳ if Z. had withdrawn, and Phineas had slain him Pes.87b פ׳ מן האשה withdrew from contact with his wife. Gen. R. s. 20 שפֵּייְשָׁה היה מאדם that Eve was separated from Adam.Sabb.86b פירשה מן האיש the semen issued from a man.Pes.49b שנה ופ׳ קשהוכ׳ he that studied and gave it up, is the worst of all (in hostility to scholars); a. fr. 2) to go on a voyage; to cross the ocean (cmp. פָּלַג Hif.). Y.M. Kat. III, beg. 81c אסיר לפָרֵש לים הגדול it is forbidden to start on a sea voyage (during the festive week). Y.Yeb.XVI, 15d top עשיתי מְפָרֵשוכ׳ I was crossing Y.Meg.II, 73b top מְפָרְשֵׁי ימים voyagers on the sea; a. fr. 3) (act. verb) to separate. Gen. R. s. 22 אילו רצה המלך פֵּירְשָׁן ולא רצה המלך לפָרְשָׁן if the king desired it, he would separate them (the fighters), but the king does not wish to separate them; Yalk. ib. 38. 4) to specify, express clearly. Ib. א״א לפה לפָרְשוֹ no mouth can express it. Men.91a דמְפָרֵש when he (in making his vow) specified (‘sheep or ‘cattle), opp. בסתמא. Gen. R. s. 6 אנשי … פֵּירְשוּ איתו the men of the Great Assembly said it plainly. Snh.VII, 5 עד שיְפָרֵש השם until he mentions the Name expressly (uses the Tetragrammaton), opp. כִּינּוּי. Gitt.36a שיהו עדים מְפָרְשִׁין שמותיהן that witnesses must sign their full names; a. fr.Part. pass. מְפיֹרָש, f. מְפוֹרֶשֶׁת; pl. מְפוֹרָשִׁים, מְפוֹרָשִׁין; מְפוֹרָשוֹת. B. Kam.54b, a. fr. מה הפרט מפ׳, v. פְּרָט. B. Mets.94b שלישת בשואל מפ׳ that the third paragraph treats of a borrower, is explicitly stated (Ex. 22:13). Sot.38a, a. fr. שם המפ׳ the special Name (the Tetragrammaton), v. supra. Zeb.53a, v. סָתַם. Ḥag.22b ומה סתימות … מפ׳וכ׳ if your undefined teachings are so well-founded, how much more your explicit teachings; a. fr. 5) to explain, interpret, define. Ned.2b פתח … ומפרש ידות the Mishnah begins with kinnuyim …, and goes on explaining yadoth! Zeb.13a ואין לי לפרש and I am unable to explain (the reason of the distinction between receiving and sprinkling the blood); אני אֲפָרֵש I shall explain it. Ned.81a דבר זה … ולא פֵירְשוּהוּ עד שפֵּירְשוֹוכ׳ that question (Jer. 9:11) was asked of prophets and scholars, and they could not explain it, until the Lord himself explained it (ib. 12). Kat. 16b; Ber.18a לא פֵירְשוּ לך they did not interpret (the verse) to you; v. שָׁנָה. Gen. R. s. 31 ולא פ׳ and did not explain (of what material the serpent was to be made); Y.R. Hash. III, end, 59a; a. fr.Part. pass. as ab. Meg.3a, a. e. (ref. to Neh. 8:8) מפ׳ זה תרגים mforash means interpretation. Hithpa. הִתְפָּרֵש, Nithpa. נִתְפָּרֵש to be specified, defined; to be explained. Lev. R. s. 6 כל נביא שנתפ׳ a prophet; whose name is stated. Gen. R. l. c. בשלשה נ׳ ובאחד לא נ׳ in three places (in which עֲשֵׁה occurs) the command is specified, but in the fourth (Num. 21:8) it is not specified, v. supra. Yalk. Gen. 20 דבר שאינו מִתְפָּרֵש במקימווכ׳ a thing which is not defined in its original place but is defined i in another passage; a. e. Hif. הִפְרִיש 1) to separate; to set aside, dedicate. Yoma I, 1 מִפְרִישִׁין כהןוכ׳ they removed the high priest from his house to the cell Ter. IV, 1 המַפְרִיש מקצתוכ׳ he who sets aside one portion of what is due of Trumah or tithes. Num. R. s. 10 (ref. to Num. 6:11, ועשה) שיַפְרִשֵׁם הכהןוכ׳ that the priest when offering them designates them, one for a sin-offering Ib. (ref. to Prov. 23:32) מה צפעון זה מפריש … כך היין מפרישוכ׳ as the adder divides between life and death, so wine removes from the ways of life to those of death; Lev. R. s. 12 כךה׳ היין בין אדםוכ׳ so wine caused a separation between Adam and Eve; ה׳ היין בין נח לבניו לעבדות wine caused a division between Noah and his sons with regard to slavery; ה׳ היין בין אהרן ובניו למיתה wine caused a division between Aaron and his sons with regard to death; Yalk. Prov. 960. Tam.IV, 3 מן הכבד …ה׳ severed the lungs from the liver; a. fr.Part. pass. מוּפְרָש. Ned.I, 1 מוּפְרְשַׁנִי ממך I will be separated from thee (will have no dealings with thee, accept no favors); ib. 5a; a. e. 2) to go to sea. Gen. R. s. 13 היו מַפְרִישִׁין ליםוכ׳ were crossing the ocean; a. e.
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