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81 кислота
ж. acidкислота смешивается с водой в любых соотношениях — an acid is miscible with water in all proportions
азотная кислота получается разложением нитрата натрия серной кислотой — nitric acid is made by attack of sulphuric acid on sodium nitrate
Антонимический ряд:1. сладость2. сладости -
82 совокупный продукт
1. aggregate product2. combined product3. national output4. total productпродукт, опасный для здоровья — product hazardous to health
5. total productionРусско-английский большой базовый словарь > совокупный продукт
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83 сточные воды
1. waste water2. sewage3. wasre water4. wastewater -
84 черновой
1. raw2. draft quality3. draft-quality4. quick-and-dirty5. draft; rough; wasteчерновая работа; грубая работа — rough work
Антонимический ряд:беловой; беловою -
85 China Curlies
Waste made in reeling China raw silk. It is full of matted threads which have a certain resemblance to the curl of wool. It is greyish-white and has a harsh feel. The crop is fairly limited. Like most Shanghai wastes there are three grades, but the No. 3 or lowest is so inferior that spinners will not buy it. -
86 Knub
Waste silk produced during the operation of winding from the cocoon. Also little knob-like flecks on raw and soft silk are so called. -
87 Noshi Ito
Waste made in reeling raw silk in Japan. The colour varies from white to dark grey according to the amount of oily matter, etc., mixed in. -
88 Oiling Wool
During the scouring of raw wool the natural " suint " is removed and if the wool were passed on to the carding machines in this dry condition, much waste of fibre would occur, so oil is applied to the wool to restore it to a condition in which it can be treated on the card and on other machines without damage to the wool. -
89 Sinkage
The losses in weight due to the removal of grease, burrs, seeds, and waste made while converting raw wool into yarn. -
90 Sledded Cotton
This is the name given to raw cotton which has been picked by a machine termed the " Sled." The sled is a form of box about 8 feet long and 4 feet wide, which is drawn between the rows of cotton plants so that the bolls pass into grooves and are stripped off and fall into the box. Owing to the device also stripping off leaf, twig and bits of the stems, the waste after cleaning in the spinning mill is at least 50 per cent more than from hand-picked cotton. -
91 Deacon, Henry
[br]b. 30 July 1822 London, Englandd. 23 July 1876 Widnes, Cheshire, England[br]English industrial chemist.[br]Deacon was apprenticed at the age of 14 to the London engineering firm of Galloway \& Sons. Faraday was a friend of the family and gave Deacon tuition, allowing him to use the laboratories at the Royal Institution. When the firm failed in 1839, Deacon transferred his indentures to Nasmyth \& Gaskell on the Bridgewater Canal at Patricroft. Nasmyth was then beginning work on his steam hammer and it is said that Deacon made the first model of it, for patent purposes. Around 1848, Deacon joined Pilkington's, the glassmakers at St Helens, where he learned the alkali industry, which was then growing up in that district on account of the close proximity of the necessary raw materials, coal, lime and salt. Wishing to start out on his own, he worked as Manager at the chemical works of a John Hutchinson. This was followed by a partnership with William Pilkington, a former employer, who was later replaced by Holbrook Gaskell, another former employer. Deacon's main activity was the manufacture of soda by the Leblanc process. He sought improvement by substituting the ammonia-soda process, but this failed and did not succeed until it was perfected by Solvay. Deacon did, however, with his Chief Chemist F.Hurter, introduce improvements in the Leblanc process during the period 1866–70. Hydrochloric acid, which had previously been a waste product and a nuisance, was oxidized catalytically to chlorine; this could be converted with lime to bleaching powder, which was in heavy demand by the textile industry. The process was patented in 1870.[br]Further ReadingD.W.F.Hardie, 1950, A History of the Chemical Industry in Widnes, London. J.Fenwick Allen, 1907, Some Founders of the Chemical Industry, London.LRD -
92 Keller, Friedrich Gottlieb
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 27 June 1818 Hainichen, Saxony, Germanyd. 8 September 1895 Krippen, Bad Schandau, Germany[br]German inventor of wood-pulp paper.[br]The son of a master weaver, he originally wished to become an engineer, but while remaining in the parental home he had to follow his father's trade in the textile industry, becoming a master weaver himself in 1839 at Hainichen. He was a good observer and a keen model maker. It was at this stage, in the early 1840s, that he began experimenting with a new material for papermaking. Until then the raw material had been waste rag from the textile industry, but the ever-increasing demands of the mechanical printing presses, especially those producing newspapers, were beginning to outstrip supply. Keller tried using pine wood ground with a wet grindstone. The mass of fibres that resulted was then heated with water to form a thick brew which he then strained through a cloth. By this means Keller obtained a pulp that could be used for papermaking. He constructed a simple grinding machine that could disintegrate the wood without splinters; this was used to make paper in the Altchemnitzer paper mill, and the newspaper Frankenberger Intelligenz-und Wochenblatt was the first to be printed on wood-pulp paper. Keller could not secure state funds to promote his invention, so he approached an expert in papermaking, Heinrich Voelter, Technical Director of the Vereinigten Bautzener Papierfabrik. Voelter put up 700 thaler, and in August 1845 the state of Saxony granted a patent in both their names. In 1848 the first practical machine for grinding wood was produced, but four years later the patent expired. Unfortunately Keller could not afford the renewal fee, and it was Voelter who developed the process of wood-pulp papermaking under his own name, leaving Keller behind. Without this invention, the output of paper from the mills could not have kept pace with the demands of the printing industry, and the mass readership that these technological developments made possible could not have been served. It is no fault of Keller's that wood-pulp paper contains within itself the seeds of its own deterioration and ultimate destruction, presenting librarians of today with an intractable problem of preservation. Keller's part in this technical breakthrough is established in his "ideas" notebook covering the years 1841 and 1842, preserved in the museum at Hainichen.[br]Further ReadingNeue deutsche Biographie. VDI Zeitschrift, Vol. 39, p. 1,238."EineErfindungvon Weltruf", 1969, VDI Nachrichten. Vol. 29, p. 18.Clapperton, History ofPapermaking Through the Ages (provides details of the development of wood-pulp papermaking in its historical context).LRDBiographical history of technology > Keller, Friedrich Gottlieb
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93 конечный продукт
1. finite product2. finished productРусско-английский новый политехнический словарь > конечный продукт
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94 на большом удалении
Бизнес, юриспруденция. Русско-английский словарь > на большом удалении
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95 вторичное использование отходов
вторичное использование отходов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
recycling
A resource recovery method involving the collection and treatment of a waste product for use as raw material in the manufacture of the same or a similar product. (Source: LANDY)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > вторичное использование отходов
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96 вторичное использование энергии
вторичное использование энергии
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
energy recovery
A form of resource recovery in which the organic fraction of waste is converted to some form of usable energy. Recovery may be achieved through the combustion of processed or raw refuse to produce steam through the pyrolysis of refuse to produce oil or gas; and through the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes to produce methane gas. (Source: LANDY)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > вторичное использование энергии
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97 выходной поток (в экологическом менеджменте)
выходной поток (в экологическом менеджменте)
Материал или энергия, выходящие из единичного процесса.
Примечание
Материалы могут включать сырье, промежуточную продукцию, продукцию, выбросы, сбросы и отходы.
[ http://www.14000.ru/glossary/main.php?PHPSESSID=25e3708243746ef7c85d0a8408d768af]EN
output
Material or energy which leaves a unit process.
Note
Materials may include raw materials, intermediate products, products, emissions and waste.
[ISO 14040]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > выходной поток (в экологическом менеджменте)
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98 управление жизненным циклом продукта
управление жизненным циклом продукта
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
life-cycle management
Management of all the stages involved in the life of a product such as raw materials acquisition, manufacturing, distribution and retail, use and re-use and maintenance, recycling and waste management, in order to create less environmentally harmful products. (Source: PORT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > управление жизненным циклом продукта
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99 экобаланс
экобаланс
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
eco-balance
An eco-balance refers to the consumption of energy and resources and the pollution caused by the production cycle of a given product. The product is followed throughout its entire life cycle, from the extraction of the raw materials, manufacturing and use, right through to recycling and final handling of waste. (Source: DUNI)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
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FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > экобаланс
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