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101 raakasilkki
yks.nom. raakasilkki; yks.gen. raakasilkin; yks.part. raakasilkkiä; yks.ill. raakasilkkiin; mon.gen. raakasilkkien; mon.part. raakasilkkejä; mon.ill. raakasilkkeihinfloss (noun)pongee (noun)raw silk (noun)shantung (noun)* * *• raw silk• shantung• floss• pongee• crude silk• ecru silk -
102 rohseiden
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103 Slug
Classified as a " major defect " by the Silk Association of America. Appearance, abruptly increased and abruptly decreased diameter in the raw silk thread. This defect is short in length, from 1/2-in. to about 1-in. -
104 шелк
(шёлк)муж.silk (cloth) ( ткань); silk (thread) ( нитки)шелк-сырец — raw silk; floss
искусственный шелк — artificial silk, rayon
на шелку — silk-lined, lined with silk
••в долгу как в шелку — over head and ears in debt, up to the eyes in debt
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105 Cotchett, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]fl. 1700s[br]English engineer who set up the first water-powered textile mill in Britain at Derby.[br]At the beginning of the eighteenth century, silk weaving was one of the most prosperous trades in Britain, but it depended upon raw silk worked up on hand twisting or throwing machines. In 1702 Thomas Cotchett set up a mill for twisting silk by water-power at the northern end of an island in the river Derwent at Derby; this would probably have been to produce organzine, the hard twisted thread used for the warp when weaving silk fabrics. Such mills had been established in Italy beginning with the earliest in Bologna in 1272, but it would appear that Cotchett used Dutch silk-throwing machinery that was driven by a water wheel that was 13½ ft (4.1 m) in diameter and built by the local engineer, George Sorocold. The enterprise soon failed, but it was quickly revived and extended by Thomas and John Lombe with machinery based on that being used successfully in Italy.[br]Further ReadingD.M.Smith, 1965, Industrial Archaeology of the East Midlands, Newton Abbot (provides an account of Cotchett's mill).W.H.Chaloner, 1963, "Sir Thomas Lombe (1685–1739) and the British silk industry", History Today (Nov.).R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester (a brief coverage of the development of early silk throwing mills).D.Kuhn, 1988, Science and Civilisation in China, Vol. V: Chemistry and ChemicalTechnology, Part 9, Textile Technology: spinning and reeling, Cambridge (covers the diffusion of the techniques of the mechanization of the silk-throwing industry from China to the West).RLH -
106 шёлк
м. тк. ед. (ткань)silk (thread)шёлк-сырец — raw silk; floss
искусственный шёлк — artificial silk, rayon
на шелку — silk-lined, lined with silk
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в долгу как в шелку — over head and ears in debt, up to the eyes in debt -
107 сырой
прил.Русское прилагательное сырой многозначно и обобщает все виды и степени сырости. Английские эквиваленты различаются по этим параметрам, в их значения входит также эмоциональный компонент — имплицированное чувство, связанное с ощущением сырости.1. raw — сырой, необработанный, невареный: raw silk — шелк-сырец; raw cotton — хлопок-сырец; raw meal — сырое мясо We have to import all raw materials for our industry. — Нам приходится импортировать все сырье/все сырьевые материалы для нашей промышленности. She made a salad with raw carrots, cauliflower and onion. — Она приготовила салат из сырой моркови, цветной капусты и лука. The chicken is still raw. — Курица еще сырая./Курица еще не свари лась/не прожарилась.2. damp —сырой, влажный, волглый, запотевший, отпотевший (не очень мокрый, но неприятный, хотя обычно этот предмет сухой): damp weather — сырая/промозглая погода; damp bed — отсыревшая постель; damp sheets — влажные простыни; damp summer — сырое лето; damp room — сырая комната; damp tobacco — сырой табак/отсыревший табак It was damp and cool in the street. — На улице было сыро и про хладно. It is a cold, damp basement room. — Это холодная, сырая подвальная комната./Это холодная, сырая комната в подвале. The wood won't burn if it is damp. — Сырое дерево гореть не будет./ Сырые дрова гореть не будут. Cover the bowl with a warm damp cloth. — Накрой миску теплой сырой тряпочкой./Накрой миску теплой влажной тканью/салфеткой.3. moist — сырой, влажный: moist wind — влажный ветер This plant does best in fertile, moist soil. — Это растение любит плодородную, влажную почву. Her skin felt moist. — У нее повлажнела кожа.4. humid — сырой, отсыревший, знойный и душный, знойный и влажный ( затрудняющий свободное дыхание): humid weather — знойная и влажная погода; humid air — знойный и ( одновременно) влажный воздух/горячий и ( одновременно) влажный воздух These parts are very humid in midsummer. — В середине лета в этих местах очень душно/знойно и влажно. The air was so humid that your breath turned into a moist in front of you — Воздух был так влажен, что было трудно дышать, как в бане.5. soggy —сырой, вязкий, топкий, непропеченный, влажный и душный, промокший, пропитанный водой, мокрый: soggy soil — сырая почва/топкая почва; soggy bread — непропеченный хлеб/сырой хлеб; soggy weather — влажная и душная погода The ground was soggy after the rain. — После дождя земля стала сырой и вязкой. The bottom of the pie has gone all soggy. — Низ пирога совсем обмяк. We got home soggy and depressed. — Мы добрались домой в подавленном настроении, совсем промокшие. -
108 écru
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109 шёлкокручение
1) Engineering: silk reeling and throwing, silk throwing2) Textile: moulinage, silk spinning, silk twisting, spinning of raw silk -
110 Crepe-De-Chine
A style of crepe, plain, figured or printed, exceedingly soft or drapy, woven with a fine silk warp, and open band and cross band tightly twisted worsted weft, which shrinks to a permanent crinkled effect when finished. A lustre is always visible owing to the fine silk warp. The weft is twisted the reverse way to the warp. Some crepe-de-Chines are made from ordinary hard-twisted warp, in these styles the weft used is usually two picks weft way, and two picks twist way spun. Also a plain weave all-silk fabric made from very fine yarns, about 26 to 30 denier. The warp is raw silk, ranging from 200 to 300 ends per inch, with 72 to 90 picks of hard-twist crepe weft. The weft is two right and two reverse. A 44-in. cloth will give 39/40-in. finished. Turns per inch in the weft range from 40 to 70. A cotton crepe-de-Chine is made 41-in. wide, 104 ends and 64 picks per inch, 2/80's T., 80's crepe weft. Its appearance and draping quality are much inferior to a silk crepe-de-Chine. -
111 seda cruda
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112 རས་བལ་
[ras bal]raw cotton, cotton, flock-silk, raw silk -
113 шёлк-сырец
м. raw silk -
114 Loops
A ring-like formation of one or more filaments protruding from the body of a thread. It is classified as a " minor defect " by the Silk Association of America. It may be caused by irregular size of filaments or irregular tension on filaments in cocoon reeling. Many loops can hardly be discerned in the raw. In the reeling it is very difficult to prevent the formation of these tiny loops. They show up greyish after dyeing and finishing, because they do not absorb the dyestuff as thoroughly as the body of the threads. -
115 Neatness
Visible quality characteristics in the raw-silk threads, such as small loops, hairiness, nibs and other imperfections which are of very small size. -
116 Nibs
Tiny defects in the raw silk thread caused mostly in the reeling operations by inexact casts. They appear like pin heads or tail-ends of minute dimensions. -
117 Bafta
BAFTA (derived from a Persian word signifying " woven ")Term used in the United Provinces. A lower grade of silk brocade or Kimkhwab made with a raw silk warp and cotton weft. The figures are developed in the silk yarn instead of with gold thread. This term is also given to a plain cloth made from mixture yams of cotton and silk. Manufactured on hand looms in Bankura, Dacca, and Bhagalpur. It is continuously worn as a wrapper by the natives. The term was originally applied to a fine muslin of Western India. -
118 Re-Reels
This term is applied to selected re-reeled silk from Eastern Asia. It is of greater value than " natives," a name which distinguishes the uneven and dirty raw silk which has received no treatment. The re-reeled silk is also known as Redevidees. The second reeling eliminates the faulty parts left in the silk thread. -
119 surow|y
Ⅰ adj. grad. 1. (o produktach żywnościowych) [owoce, jarzyny, mięso, jajka] raw- surowe mleko unboiled milk- surowy boczek green bacon, unsmoked bacon2. (wymagający) [nauczyciel, ojciec] strict- jesteś zbyt surowy dla niej you’re too hard on her3. (będący wyrazem dużych wymagań) [mina, wzrok, twarz] stern; [nagana, przepis, regulamin, wyrok] severe, strict; [krytyka] heavy, tough; [dyscyplina, reżim] rigorous- wprowadzono surowe restrykcje na… tough restrictions have been imposed on…4. (pozbawiony ozdób) [budowla, wnętrze, strój] austere, severe- jego surowa męska uroda his rugged good looks5. (o zjawiskach atmosferycznych) [zima, klimat] severe, harsh 6. (pozbawiony wygód) [życie, warunki] austere, severe- surowy los merciless fateⅡ adj. 1. (o surowcach, półfabrykatach) surowe bloki kamienne undressed stone- surowy papier untreated paper- surowe drewno green timber, unseasoned timber2. pot. (niewdrożony do pracy) raw, inexperienced- jest jeszcze surowy w tym zawodzie he’s still a raw beginner in this job- □ surowy len/surowa bawełna ubleached linen/cotton- surowy jedwab raw silk- surowa wełna natural woolThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > surow|y
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120 ham ipek
n. floss silk, floss, raw silk* * *1. bast silk 2. ecru
См. также в других словарях:
Raw silk — Silk Silk, n. [OE. silk, selk, AS. seolc, seoloc; akin to Icel. silki, SW. & Dan. silke; prob. through Slavic from an Oriental source; cf. Lith. szilkai, Russ. shelk , and also L. sericum Seric stuff, silk. Cf. {Sericeous}. {Serge} a woolen stuff … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Raw Silk — was a 1980s post disco and dance music group that consisted of members Sybil Thomas, Ronald Dean Miller and Bert Reid (Unlimited Touch, Crown Heights Affair). Their first release Do It to the Music has become a staple part in rare groove 1980s… … Wikipedia
raw silk — n. 1. silk reeled from the cocoon, with the sericin still in it 2. a silk fabric of a slub weave, used for suits, etc … English World dictionary
raw silk — raw′ silk′ n. tex reeled silk with its sericin intact • Etymology: 1300–50 … From formal English to slang
raw silk — noun 1. : reeled silk before the gum is removed 2. : a woven or knitted fabric of spun silk * * * reeled silk that has not had the sericin removed. [1300 50; ME] * * * raw silk noun 1. Natural untreated silk threads 2. Fabric made from these • •… … Useful english dictionary
raw silk — /rɔ ˈsɪlk/ (say raw silk) noun 1. silk as reeled from the cocoons. 2. material woven from this silk …
raw silk — silk fibers which have not had the sericin removed; fabric made from untreated silk fibers … English contemporary dictionary
raw silk — reeled silk that has not had the sericin removed. [1300 50; ME] * * * … Universalium
Silk in the Indian subcontinent — Silk in India as elsewhere, is an item of luxury.For more than four thousand years, this cloth produced from the cocoons of caterpillers, has been associated with crowned heads and riches throughout the different ages. As a designer once said… … Wikipedia
Raw — describes a material that is in its natural unprocessed form, or has not had the final stages of processing. For example, raw food refers to food that has not been cooked, and raw silk is the term for unprocessed silk. Raw also has symbolic… … Wikipedia
Silk — Silk, n. [OE. silk, selk, AS. seolc, seoloc; akin to Icel. silki, SW. & Dan. silke; prob. through Slavic from an Oriental source; cf. Lith. szilkai, Russ. shelk , and also L. sericum Seric stuff, silk. Cf. {Sericeous}. {Serge} a woolen stuff.] 1 … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
