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rankine+engine

  • 1 Rankine, William John Macquorn

    [br]
    b. 5 July 1820 Edinburgh, Scotland
    d. 1872
    [br]
    [br]
    Rankine was educated at Ayr Academy and Glasgow High School, although he appears to have learned much of his basic mathematics and physics through private study. He attended Edinburgh University and then assisted his father, who was acting as Superintendent of the Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway. This introduction to engineering practice was followed in 1838 by his appointment as a pupil to Sir John MacNeill, and for the next four years he served under MacNeill on his Irish railway projects. While still in his early twenties, Rankine presented pioneering papers on metal fatigue and other subjects to the Institution of Civil Engineers, for which he won a prize, but he appears to have resigned from the Civils in 1857 after an argument because the Institution would not transfer his Associate Membership into full Membership. From 1844 to 1848 Rankine worked on various projects for the Caledonian Railway Company, but his interests were becoming increasingly theoretical and a series of distinguished papers for learned societies established his reputation as a leading scholar in the new science of thermodynamics. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1853. At the same time, he remained intimately involved with practical questions of applied science, in shipbuilding, marine engineering and electric telegraphy, becoming associated with the influential coterie of fellow Scots such as the Thomson brothers, Napier, Elder, and Lewis Gordon. Gordon was then the head of a large and successful engineering practice, but he was also Regius Professor of Engineering at the University of Glasgow, and when he retired from the Chair to pursue his business interests, Rankine, who had become his Assistant, was appointed in his place.
    From 1855 until his premature death in 1872, Rankine built up an impressive engineering department, providing a firm theoretical basis with a series of text books that he wrote himself and most of which remained in print for many decades. Despite his quarrel with the Institution of Civil Engineers, Rankine took a keen interest in the institutional development of the engineering profession, becoming the first President of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland, which he helped to establish in 1857. Rankine campaigned vigorously for the recognition of engineering studies as a full university degree at Glasgow, and he achieved this in 1872, the year of his death. Rankine was one of the handful of mid-nineteenth century engineers who virtually created engineering as an academic discipline.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1853. First President, Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland, 1857.
    Bibliography
    1858, Manual of Applied Mechanics.
    1859, Manual of the Steam Engine and Other Prime Movers.
    1862, Manual of Civil Engineering.
    1869, Manual of Machinery and Millwork.
    Further Reading
    J.Small, 1957, "The institution's first president", Proceedings of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland: 687–97.
    H.B.Sutherland, 1972, Rankine. His Life and Times.
    AB

    Biographical history of technology > Rankine, William John Macquorn

  • 2 двигатель Ренкина

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > двигатель Ренкина

  • 3 двигатель Ренкина

    Engineering: Rankine engine

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > двигатель Ренкина

  • 4 Elder, John

    [br]
    b. 9 March 1824 Glasgow, Scotland
    d. 17 September 1869 London, England
    [br]
    Scottish engineer who introduced the compound steam engine to ships and established an important shipbuilding company in Glasgow.
    [br]
    John was the third son of David Elder. The father came from a family of millwrights and moved to Glasgow where he worked for the well-known shipbuilding firm of Napier's and was involved with improving marine engines. John was educated at Glasgow High School and then for a while at the Department of Civil Engineering at Glasgow University, where he showed great aptitude for mathematics and drawing. He spent five years as an apprentice under Robert Napier followed by two short periods of activity as a pattern-maker first and then a draughtsman in England. He returned to Scotland in 1849 to become Chief Draughtsman to Napier, but in 1852 he left to become a partner with the Glasgow general engineering company of Randolph Elliott \& Co. Shortly after his induction (at the age of 28), the engineering firm was renamed Randolph Elder \& Co.; in 1868, when the partnership expired, it became known as John Elder \& Co. From the outset Elder, with his partner, Charles Randolph, approached mechanical (especially heat) engineering in a rigorous manner. Their knowledge and understanding of entropy ensured that engine design was not a hit-and-miss affair, but one governed by recognition of the importance of the new kinetic theory of heat and with it a proper understanding of thermodynamic principles, and by systematic development. In this Elder was joined by W.J.M. Rankine, Professor of Civil Engineering and Mechanics at Glasgow University, who helped him develop the compound marine engine. Elder and Randolph built up a series of patents, which guaranteed their company's commercial success and enabled them for a while to be the sole suppliers of compound steam reciprocating machinery. Their first such engine at sea was fitted in 1854 on the SS Brandon for the Limerick Steamship Company; the ship showed an improved performance by using a third less coal, which he was able to reduce still further on later designs.
    Elder developed steam jacketing and recognized that, with higher pressures, triple-expansion types would be even more economical. In 1862 he patented a design of quadruple-expansion engine with reheat between cylinders and advocated the importance of balancing reciprocating parts. The effect of his improvements was to greatly reduce fuel consumption so that long sea voyages became an economic reality.
    His yard soon reached dimensions then unequalled on the Clyde where he employed over 4,000 workers; Elder also was always interested in the social welfare of his labour force. In 1860 the engine shops were moved to the Govan Old Shipyard, and again in 1864 to the Fairfield Shipyard, about 1 mile (1.6 km) west on the south bank of the Clyde. At Fairfield, shipbuilding was commenced, and with the patents for compounding secure, much business was placed for many years by shipowners serving long-distance trades such as South America; the Pacific Steam Navigation Company took up his ideas for their ships. In later years the yard became known as the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company Ltd, but it remains today as one of Britain's most efficient shipyards and is known now as Kvaerner Govan Ltd.
    In 1869, at the age of only 45, John Elder was unanimously elected President of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland; however, before taking office and giving his eagerly awaited presidential address, he died in London from liver disease. A large multitude attended his funeral and all the engineering shops were silent as his body, which had been brought back from London to Glasgow, was carried to its resting place. In 1857 Elder had married Isabella Ure, and on his death he left her a considerable fortune, which she used generously for Govan, for Glasgow and especially the University. In 1883 she endowed the world's first Chair of Naval Architecture at the University of Glasgow, an act which was reciprocated in 1901 when the University awarded her an LLD on the occasion of its 450th anniversary.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    President, Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland 1869.
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1869, Engineer 28.
    1889, The Dictionary of National Biography, London: Smith Elder \& Co. W.J.Macquorn Rankine, 1871, "Sketch of the life of John Elder" Transactions of the
    Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland.
    Maclehose, 1886, Memoirs and Portraits of a Hundred Glasgow Men.
    The Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Works, 1909, London: Offices of Engineering.
    P.M.Walker, 1984, Song of the Clyde, A History of Clyde Shipbuilding, Cambridge: PSL.
    R.L.Hills, 1989, Power from Steam. A History of the Stationary Steam Engine, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (covers Elder's contribution to the development of steam engines).
    RLH / FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Elder, John

  • 5 цикл

    ( годографа) circuit, cycle, ( обработки) operation, ( временного объединения цифровых сигналов) frame, loop вчт., nucleus, period, run, ring, sequence машиностр.
    * * *
    цикл м.
    восстана́вливать цикл — reset the cycle
    опи́сывать цикл в прямо́м или обра́тном направле́нии ( в термодинамике) — traverse a cycle in the direct or reverse sense
    опи́сывать цикл по часово́й стре́лке или про́тив часово́й стре́лки ( в термодинамике) — traverse a cycle clockwise or anticlockwise
    рабо́тать ци́клами — to cycle
    соверша́ть цикл — to cycle
    2. вчт. loop; loop of instructions
    выходи́ть из ци́кла — come out of a loop
    повторя́ть цикл — cycle a loop (of instructions)
    повторя́ть цикл многокра́тно — cycle round a loop repeatedly
    цикл автома́та повто́рного включе́ния эл. — recloser sequence
    бина́рный цикл — binary cycle
    вло́женный цикл — nested loop
    водоро́дный цикл яд. физ. — hydrogen-helium cycle
    цикл в ци́кле — loop-within-loop
    цикл вы́борки кома́нды вчт. — instruction cycle
    вы́емочный цикл горн. — cycle of goal getting, winning cycle
    цикл выполне́ния кома́нды вчт. — execution cycle
    цикл дви́гателя — engine cycle
    цикл движе́ния — cycle of motion
    цикл д. в. с. со сгора́нием при постоя́нном давле́нии — Diesel cycle
    цикл д. в. с. со сгора́нием при постоя́нном объё́ме — Otto cycle
    двухта́ктный цикл — two(-stroke) cycle
    действи́тельный цикл — actual [real] cycle
    за́мкнутый цикл
    1. closed cycle
    включа́ть (обору́дование) в за́мкнутый цикл — run (a machine) in closed circuit with (another machine)
    рабо́тать в за́мкнутом ци́кле с … — be close-circuited with
    2. closed loop
    цикл за́писи вчт. — write cycle
    цикл за́пуска д. в. с. — cranking cycle
    идеа́льный цикл ( в термодинамике) — ideal cycle
    итерацио́нный цикл — iteration loop
    выполня́ть итерацио́нный цикл — traverse an iteration loop
    цикл Карно́ ( в термодинамике) — Carnot cycle
    цикл Карно́, обра́тный ( в термодинамике) — reverse Carnot cycle
    цикл Карно́, прямо́й ( в термодинамике) — Carnot cycle
    кинемати́ческий цикл — kinematic cycle
    кома́ндный цикл вчт. — instruction cycle
    криоге́нный цикл ( в термодинамике) — cryogenic cycle
    цикл ла́вы — wall cycle
    магни́тный цикл — magnetic cycle
    магнитогидродинами́ческий цикл ( в газодинамике) — magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] cycle
    маши́нный цикл вчт. — machine cycle
    маши́нный, основно́й цикл вчт. — basic machine cycle
    цикл нагре́ва ( в термодинамике) — heating cycle
    цикл намагни́чивания — cycle of magnetization
    цикл намагни́чивания, преде́льный эл. — major cyclic hysteresis loop
    цикл напряже́ний мех. — stress cycle
    неза́мкнутый цикл — open cycle
    нейтро́нный цикл яд. физ. — neutron cycle
    необрати́мый цикл ( в термодинамике) — irreversible cycle
    непреры́вный цикл ( в термодинамике) — uninterrupted cycle
    обрати́мый цикл ( в термодинамике) — reversible cycle
    цикл обраще́ния к па́мяти вчт. — memory [storage] cycle
    окисли́тельно-восстанови́тельный цикл — oxidation-reduction cycle
    основно́й цикл ( в термодинамике) — basic cycle
    охва́тывающий цикл — outer loon
    цикл охлажде́ния — cooling cycle
    пароводяно́й цикл — water-flow cycle; water-steam circuit
    парово́й цикл — vapour cycle
    парога́зовый цикл — supercharged boiler [exhaust-fired-boiler] cycle
    паросилово́й цикл — steam power cycle
    паротурби́нный цикл — steam turbine cycle
    цикл перемагни́чивания — cycle of magnetization
    цикл пла́вки от вы́пуска до вы́пуска — tap-to-tap cycle
    повто́рный цикл — recycle
    цикл по́иска вчт. — search cycle
    поса́дочный цикл горн. — cycle of caving, caving cycle
    преде́льный цикл эл. — limit cycle
    цикл програ́ммы вчт. — loop of instructions
    цикл програ́ммы, бесконе́чный (напр. в результате ошибки) вчт. — infinite loop (of instructions)
    прото́нный цикл — proton-proton chain
    прохо́дческий цикл — sinking cycle
    цикл рабо́ты (напр. оборудования) — operation period
    цикл рабо́ты вяза́льного аппара́та текст. — knotting cycle
    цикл рабо́ты запомина́ющего устро́йства вчт. — storage cycle
    рабо́чий цикл
    1. working [running] cycle
    2. вчт. machine cycle
    разо́мкнутый цикл
    1. open cycle
    2. open loop
    цикл Ра́нкина тепл. — Rankine cycle
    регенерати́вный цикл тепл. — regenerative cycle
    регенерати́вный, преде́льный цикл тепл. — complete regenerative cycle
    цикл Ре́нкина тепл. — Rankine cycle
    цикл с воспламене́нием от сжа́тия — Diesel cycle
    сло́жный цикл
    1. ( в термодинамике) compound cycle
    2. loop-within-loop
    цикл со втори́чным перегре́вом па́ра — reheat cycle
    цикл с одни́м отбо́ром па́ра — one-point extraction cycle
    цикл со сгора́нием при постоя́нном давле́нии — Diesel cycle
    цикл со сгора́нием при постоя́нном объё́ме — Otto cycle
    цикл с промежу́точным перегре́вом па́ра — reheat cycle
    цикл стира́ния вчт. — erase cycle
    су́точный цикл — diurnal cycle
    цикл счи́тывания вчт. — read cycle
    цикл счи́тывания и за́писи вчт. — readwrite cycle
    теорети́ческий цикл ( в термодинамике) — theoretical [ideal] cycle
    теплово́й цикл — thermal cycle
    термодинами́ческий цикл — thermodynamic cycle
    углеро́дный цикл яд. физ. — carbon(-nitrogen) cycle
    холоди́льный цикл — refrigeration cycle
    холоди́льный, абсорбцио́нный цикл — absorption refrigeration cycle
    холоди́льный, компрессио́нный цикл — compression refrigeration cycle
    цикл хрони́рования элк., вчт. — timing cycle
    четырёхта́ктный цикл двс. — four-stroke cycle

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > цикл

См. также в других словарях:

  • Rankine cycle engine —   The Rankine cycle system uses a liquid that evaporates when heated and expands to produce work, such as turning a turbine, which when connected to a generator, produces electricity. The exhaust vapor expelled from the turbine condenses and the… …   Energy terms

  • Rankine-cycle engine — [raŋ′kinsī′kəl] n. 〚see RANKINE〛 a type of steam engine involving a continuous cycle of vaporization of liquid and condensation back to liquid in a sealed system: developed experimentally for use in automobiles to reduce polluting emissions,… …   Universalium

  • Rankine-cycle engine — [raŋ′kinsī′kəl] n. [see RANKINE] a type of steam engine involving a continuous cycle of vaporization of liquid and condensation back to liquid in a sealed system: developed experimentally for use in automobiles to reduce polluting emissions,… …   English World dictionary

  • Rankine — may refer to: * Rankine cycle, a thermodynamic heat engine cycle * Rankine scale, an absolute temperature scale used mostly by US engineers * William John Macquorn Rankine (1820–1872), a Scottish engineer and physicist who proposed both of the… …   Wikipedia

  • Rankine — (spr. ränkin), William John Macquorn, Ingenieur, geb. 5. Juli 1820 in Edinburg, gest. 24. Dez. 1872, studierte in Edinburg, lehrte mehrere Jahre in Glasgow und arbeitete über die Wärme und die Theorie der Motoren, die Erhaltung der Kraft und über …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Rankine — (spr. rännkĭn), William John Macquorn, Ingenieur, geb. 5. Juli 1820 zu Edinburgh, seit 1855 Prof. in Glasgow, gest. 24. Dez. 1872, Mitbegründer der Thermodynamik; schrieb: »Manual of applied mecanics« (11. Aufl. 1885), »Manual of the steam… …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • Rankine cycle — Thermodynam. the hypothetical cycle of a steam engine in which all heat transfers take place at constant pressure and in which expansion and compression occur adiabatically. Also called Clausius cycle. [1895 1900; named after W. J. M. RANKINE] *… …   Universalium

  • Engine — This article is about a machine to convert energy into useful mechanical motion. For other uses of engine, see Engine (disambiguation). For other uses of motor, see Motor (disambiguation). A V6 internal combustion engine from a Mercedes car An… …   Wikipedia

  • Rankine cycle — The Rankine cycle is a thermodynamic cycle which converts heat into work. The heat is supplied externally to a closed loop, which usually uses water as the working fluid. This cycle generates about 80% of all electric power used throughout the… …   Wikipedia

  • Rankine, William John Macquorn — ▪ Scottish engineer born July 5, 1820, Edinburgh, Scot. died Dec. 24, 1872, Glasgow       Scottish engineer and physicist and one of the founders of the science of thermodynamics, particularly in reference to steam engine theory.       Trained as …   Universalium

  • Rankine scale — For the idealized thermodynamic cycle for a steam engine, see Rankine cycle. For the scale measuring recovery after stroke, see modified Rankin scale. Rankine temperature conversion formulae from Rankine to Rankine Celsius… …   Wikipedia

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