-
1 железнодорожный тормоз
Русско-английский политехнический словарь > железнодорожный тормоз
-
2 железнодорожный тормоз
Engineering: railroad brakeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > железнодорожный тормоз
-
3 Westinghouse, George
[br]b. 6 October 1846 Central Bridge, New York, USAd. 12 March 1914 New York, New York, USA[br]American inventor and entrepreneur, pioneer of air brakes for railways and alternating-current distribution of electricity.[br]George Westinghouse's father was an ingenious manufacturer of agricultural implements; the son, after a spell in the Union Army during the Civil War, and subsequently in the Navy as an engineer, went to work for his father. He invented a rotary steam engine, which proved impracticable; a rerailing device for railway rolling stock in 1865; and a cast-steel frog for railway points, with longer life than the cast-iron frogs then used, in 1868–9. During the same period Westinghouse, like many other inventors, was considering how best to meet the evident need for a continuous brake for trains, i.e. one by which the driver could apply the brakes on all vehicles in a train simultaneously instead of relying on brakesmen on individual vehicles. By chance he encountered a magazine article about the construction of the Mont Cenis Tunnel, with a description of the pneumatic tools invented for it, and from this it occurred to him that compressed air might be used to operate the brakes along a train.The first prototype was ready in 1869 and the Westinghouse Air Brake Company was set up to manufacture it. However, despite impressive demonstration of the brake's powers when it saved the test train from otherwise certain collision with a horse-drawn dray on a level crossing, railways were at first slow to adopt it. Then in 1872 Westinghouse added to it the triple valve, which enabled the train pipe to charge reservoirs beneath each vehicle, from which the compressed air would apply the brakes when pressure in the train pipe was reduced. This meant that the brake was now automatic: if a train became divided, the brakes on both parts would be applied. From then on, more and more American railways adopted the Westinghouse brake and the Railroad Safety Appliance Act of 1893 made air brakes compulsory in the USA. Air brakes were also adopted in most other parts of the world, although only a minority of British railway companies took them up, the remainder, with insular reluctance, preferring the less effective vacuum brake.From 1880 Westinghouse was purchasing patents relating to means of interlocking railway signals and points; he combined them with his own inventions to produce a complete signalling system. The first really practical power signalling scheme, installed in the USA by Westinghouse in 1884, was operated pneumatically, but the development of railway signalling required an awareness of the powers of electricity, and it was probably this that first led Westinghouse to become interested in electrical processes and inventions. The Westinghouse Electric Company was formed in 1886: it pioneered the use of electricity distribution systems using high-voltage single-phase alternating current, which it developed from European practice. Initially this was violently opposed by established operators of direct-current distribution systems, but eventually the use of alternating current became widespread.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLégion d'honneur. Order of the Crown of Italy. Order of Leopold.BibliographyWestinghouse took out some 400 patents over forty-eight years.Further ReadingH.G.Prout, 1922, A Life of "George Westinghouse", London (biography inclined towards technicalities).F.E.Leupp, 1918, George Westinghouse: His Life and Achievements, Boston (London 1919) (biography inclined towards Westinghouse and his career).J.F.Stover, 1961, American Railroads, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 152–4.PJGR -
4 вагон
car, ( подвесной дороги) tram, van англ.* * *ваго́н м. ( железнодорожный)
брит. van; амер. carв ваго́не «гори́т» бу́кса — the car is developing a hot boxиспо́льзовать ваго́н с непо́лной загру́зкой — use [operate] a car on a less-than-carload basisиспо́льзовать ваго́н с по́лной загру́зкой — use [operate] a car on a full-carload basisопроки́дывать ваго́н — tip [tipple] a carоши́бочно засыла́ть ваго́н — divert a carпополня́ть запа́сы воды́ в ваго́не — re-water the carпополня́ть запа́сы льда в ваго́не — re-ice the carразгружа́ть ваго́н опроки́дыванием — dump a carсортирова́ть ваго́ны — marshal [assemble] carsбага́жный ваго́н — брит. luggage van; амер. baggage carбалла́стный ваго́н — ballast carгорноспаса́тельный ваго́н — mine-rescue carгрузово́й ваго́н — брит. goods van, амер. freight carгрузово́й, кры́тый ваго́н — boxcarдинамометри́ческий ваго́н — dynamometer carваго́н для сбо́ра колошнико́вой пы́ли метал. — flue dust carизмери́тельный ваго́н — track-testing carизотерми́ческий ваго́н — refrigerator carмонта́жный ваго́н — installation carмото́рный ваго́н ( электропоезда) — (electric) motor coachпассажи́рский ваго́н — брит. coach; амер. passenger carпассажи́рский, купе́йный ваго́н — брит. sleeping carriage; амер. sleeping (berth) carпассажи́рский, некупе́йный ваго́н — брит. (railway) passenger coach; амер. (railroad) passenger carпассажи́рский, плацка́ртный ваго́н — брит. (railway) passenger coach with reserved seats; амер. (railroad) passenger car with reserved seatsпочто́вый ваго́н — брит. mail [parcel, postal] van; амер. mail carприцепно́й ваго́н — trailer carприцепно́й ваго́н с посто́м управле́ния — driving trailer carваго́н прямо́го сообще́ния — through carriageсаморазгружа́ющийся ваго́н — tipping [self-clearing] carсанита́рный ваго́н — hospital carваго́н с опроки́дывающимся дном — hopper carваго́н с опроки́дывающимся ку́зовом — dump-type truckваго́н с откидны́м дном — bottom dump carспа́льный ваго́н — sleeping carтова́рный ваго́н — брит. goods van; амер. freight carтормозно́й ваго́н — brake car* * * -
5 вагон
муж.1) carriage, coach; car (трамвайный; ж.-д. пассажирский и товарный амер.)вагон для курящих — smoking car, smoking carriage
вагон для перевозки скота — cattle box, stock car
вагон-люкс — амер. palace car
вагон-платформа — амер. platform car
вагон-ресторан — dining car; restaurant car, dining saloon; разг. diner
вагон-рефрижератор — freezer, reefer
в вагоне — амер. aboard the train, on board
почтовый вагон — mail van, mail coach, parcel van; mail car, post office car амер.
товарный вагон — goods wagon, goods truck, goods car
трамвайный вагон — tramcar; амер. surface car
багажный вагон — luggage van; freight car, baggage car амер.
вагон-цистерна — tank truck, oil tank car, cistern car
мягкий вагон — soft-seated carriage, upholstered carriage
пассажирский вагон — coach car, passenger car
спальный вагон — sleeping-car, dormitory car, wagon-lit; sleeper разг., couchette, sleeping saloon
2) перен. разг. loads, lots, masses, heaps, bags••вагон и маленькая тележка — oodles; scads; barrels; scores
-
6 imdat
"1. help, aid, assistance. 2. Help! - etmek /a/ to come to the rescue (of). - freni emergency brake (in a railroad passenger car). - istemek 1. to call for help. 2. to send an SOS. - işareti distress signal; SOS. -a yetişmek to come to someone´s rescue."
См. также в других словарях:
Railroad — Rail road (r[=a]l r[=o]d ), Railway Rail way (r[=a]l w[=a] ), n. 1. A road or way consisting of one or more parallel series of iron or steel rails, patterned and adjusted to be tracks for the wheels of vehicles, and suitably supported on a bed or … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
brake|man — «BRAYK muhn», noun, plural men. a man who helps the engineer or conductor of a railroad train usually by coupling and uncoupling cars and by working the brake when a car is rolling free; trainman. Also, British, brakesman. ╂[American English < … Useful english dictionary
railroad — /rayl rohd /, n. 1. a permanent road laid with rails, commonly in one or more pairs of continuous lines forming a track or tracks, on which locomotives and cars are run for the transportation of passengers, freight, and mail. 2. an entire system… … Universalium
Railroad engineer — A railroad engineer, railway engineer, locomotive engineer, train operator, train driver or engine driver is a person who operates a railroad locomotive and train. The engineer is the person in charge of and responsible for the locomotive(s). He… … Wikipedia
Railroad car — A railroad car or railway carriage is a vehicle on a rail transport system (railroad or railway) that is used for the carrying of cargo or passengers. Cars can be coupled together into a train and hauled by one or more locomotive. Passenger cars… … Wikipedia
brake shoe — noun a restraint provided when the brake linings are moved hydraulically against the brake drum to retard the wheel s rotation • Syn: ↑shoe, ↑skid • Derivationally related forms: ↑skid (for: ↑skid) • Hypernyms: ↑ … Useful english dictionary
brake — brake1 brakeless, adj. /brayk/, n., v., braked, braking. n. 1. a device for slowing or stopping a vehicle or other moving mechanism by the absorption or transfer of the energy of momentum, usually by means of friction. 2. brakes, the drums, shoes … Universalium
Railroad switch — For other uses, see Switch (disambiguation). A right hand railroad switch with point indicator pointing to right … Wikipedia
Railroad Safety Appliance Act — The Safety Appliance Act is a United States federal law that made air brakes and automatic couplers mandatory on all trains in the United States. It was enacted on March 2, 1893 and took effect in 1900 after a 7 year grace period. The act is… … Wikipedia
railroad — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) n. railway; main or trunk line, spur; model railroad; tramline, tramway, trolley or streetcar line, street railway, subway. See transportation. v., informal, rush or push through, expedite; slang, frame … English dictionary for students
brake beam — noun also brake bar : a horizontal beam or rod on a wagon or railroad car that operates the brake shoes … Useful english dictionary