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1 radioactive metals
радиоактивные металлы
Металлы, занимающие места в Периодич. системе элементов с ат. н. больше 83 (Bi), испускающие радиоакт. частицы: нейтроны, протоны, альфа-, бетачастицы или гамма-кванты. В природе обнаружены: At, Ac, Np, Pa, Ро, Pm, Pu, Ra, Тс, Th, U. Ост. р. м., как и большинство найденных в природе (кроме U, Th и Ra), получают посредством ядерных реакций. Осн. хар-ка р. м. — период их полураспада 7"1/2, время, за к-рое число радиоакт. атомов уменьшается вдвое. Конечные продукты самопроизв. распада природных р. м. — стабильные изотопы свинца с ат. массами 206, 207 и 208. Они образуются в рез-те последоват. радиоакт. превращений. В Периодич. системе в отд. группу р. м. выделены актиниды.
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Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > radioactive metals
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2 caesium
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caesium
A soft silvery-white and highly reactive metal belonging to the alkali group of metals. It is a radiation hazard, because it can occur in two radioactive forms. Caesium-134 is produced in nuclear reactors, not directly by fission, but by the reaction. It emits beta- and gamma-radiation and has a half-life of 2.06 years. Caesium-137 is a fission product of uranium and occurs in the fallout from nuclear weapons. It emits beta- and gamma-rays and has a half-life of 30 years. Caesium-137 was the principal product released into the atmosphere, and hence the food chain, from atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons and from the Windscale fire and Chernobyl nuclear accidents. After the Chernobyl accident, which spread a radiation cloud across Europe, the European Commission proposed new and more restrictive limits on levels of caesium in food and drinking water. (Source: WRIGHT)
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Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > caesium
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радиоактивные металлы — [radioactive metals] металлы, занимающие места в Периодической системе элементов с атомный номер больше 83 (Bi), испускающие радиоактивные частицы: нейтроны, протоны, альфа , бетачастицы или гамма кванты. В природе обнаружены: At, Ac, Np, Pa, Ро … Энциклопедический словарь по металлургии
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