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1 Skinner, Burrhus Frederic (B. F.)
(1904-1990) Скиннер, Бэррес ФредерикПсихолог. Основатель одного из направлений бихевиоризма. В 1936-45 преподавал в Миннесотском университете [ Minnesota, University of]. В 1948-72 - профессор, затем почетный профессор [ Professor Emeritus] Гарвардского университета [ Harvard University]. Выдвинул теорию "оперантного научения", согласно которой организм приобретает новые реакции благодаря тому, что сам их подкрепляет, и только после этого внешний стимул вызывает реакцию. Разработал приложение этой концепции к овладению речью, психотерапии, школьному образованию. В романе-утопии "Уолден-два" ["Walden Two"] (1948) пытался обосновать идею общества, основанного на контролируемом поведении его членов на основе принципов "поведенческой инженерии" [behavioral engineering]. Эти и ряд других его идей вызвали резкую критику многих психологов, что однако не умаляет его вклада в науку. Автор оригинальных методик экспериментальной психологии, конструктор ряда исследовательских приборов, в том числе "ящика Скиннера" [Skinner box]; отец "программированного обучения" [programmed instruction]. Среди фундаментальных трудов: "Наука и поведение человека" ["Science and Human Behavior"] (1953), "Анализ поведения" ["The Analysis of Behavior"] (1961), "Технология обучения" ["Technology of Teaching"] (1968), "О бихевиоризме" ["About Behaviorism"] (1974)English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Skinner, Burrhus Frederic (B. F.)
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2 constraint
1) мех. связь; ограничение( степеней) свободы2) мех. реакция связи3) стеснение ( деформации);4) мех. закреплять; связывать; налагать связь5) ограничение; ограничивающее условие; сдерживающий фактор || ограничивать6) принуждение7) уточнение ( в языке Ада)8) машиностр. уставка•to eliminate constraint — отбрасывать связь (напр. лишнюю);to remove constraint — отбрасывать связь (напр. лишнюю)-
bandwidth constraint
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behavior constraint
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bilateral constraint
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delay constraint
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design constraints
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dynamic-range constraint
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engineering constraints
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environmental constraints
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external constraint
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force constraint
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frequency constraint
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geometrical constraint
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geometric constraint
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hard constraint
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hardware constraints
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holonomic constraint
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ideal constraint
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impulsive constraint
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instantaneous constraint
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internal constraint
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moving constraint
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nonholonomic constraint
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programmed constraint
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redundant constraint
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rheonomic constraint
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rigid constraint
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scheduling constraint
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scleronomic constraint
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soft constraint
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software constraints
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specified constraint
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tight constraint
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unilateral constraint -
3 constraint
1) ограничение; ограничительное условие2) ограничитель || ограничительный5) связь ( механическая)6) поперечное сжатие, сужение сечения ( при продольном растяжении)•- capacitive constraintsconstraint on throughput — ограничение по пропускной способности (напр. ГПС); ограничение по объёму выпуска
- deadline constraints
- domain-dependent constraints
- force constraint
- geometric constraint
- geometrical constraint
- holonomic constraint
- ideal constraint
- programmed constraint
- qualitative constraint
- queueing constraints
- rheonomic constraint
- saturation constraint
- scheduling constraint
- scleronomic constraint
- specified constraint
- temporal constraintsEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > constraint
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