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121 CPT
1) Компьютерная техника: Color Palette Table, computerized processing transponder2) Авиация: Процедурный тренажер ( Cockpit Procedure Trainer)3) Медицина: A Clinical Patient Testing, Current Procedural Terminology, (co-trimoxazole preventive therapy) профилактика ко-тримоксазолом, физиотерапевтическое лечение грудной клетки (chest physiotherapy)4) Американизм: Consumer Protection Trends5) Военный термин: Crisis Planning Team, central planning team, cockpit procedure trainer, consolidated pilot training, crew procedures trainer7) Строительство: погружение зонда в грунт статической вдавливающей нагрузкой с измерением показателей сопротивления грунта, статическое зондирование, static probing, static sounding, электрический конический зонд, электрический конический пенетрометр, CPT probe, cone penetration test probe, Core Penetration Test8) Математика: Cross Product Terms9) Железнодорожный термин: Canadian Pacific Railway10) Юридический термин: corporate profit tax11) Экономика: cost per transaction, стоимость транзакции12) Бухгалтерия: Central Payment Tool13) Ветеринария: Carnivore Preservation Trust14) Телекоммуникации: Cellular Paging Teleservice15) Сокращение: Cell Preparation Tube, Cockpit Procedures Trainer, Command Post Terminal, standard cone penetration test, Carriage Paid To, Cone Penetrometer Test16) Университет: Computerized Placement Test, Curricular Practical Training17) Вычислительная техника: Chief Programmer Team, расширение файлов в формате Corel PhotoPaint18) Нефть: cone penetration test, испытания с помощью конического пенетрометра (cone penetrometer test)19) Транспорт: перевозка оплачена до (carriage paid to), фрахт оплачен до (Incoterm)20) Реклама: стоимость тысячи контактов21) Деловая лексика: Client Processing Time22) Сетевые технологии: critical path technique, customer provided terminal, метод критического пути, терминал пользователя23) ЕБРР: перевозка оплачена до (named place of destination; указать место назначения)24) Автоматика: continuous path tape controlled25) Медицинская техника: cold pressor test26) Химическое оружие: control power transformer27) Авиационная медицина: continuous performance test28) Расширение файла: CA-Cricket Presents Template, Command Pass Through, Compact Pro Compressed Macintosh file archive, dBASE enCryPTed memo file, Corel Photo-Paint file (Bitmap graphics)30) МИД: European Committee for the Prevention of Torture, Комитет Совета Европы по предотвращению пыток и бесчеловечного или унижающего достоинство обращения или наказания31) Должность: Certified Phlebotomy Technician32) NYSE. Camden Property Trust33) Аэропорты: Cape Town, South Africa34) Единицы измерений: Cost Per Transfer35) Международные перевозки: Carriage paid to (Incoterms) -
122 Cpt
1) Компьютерная техника: Color Palette Table, computerized processing transponder2) Авиация: Процедурный тренажер ( Cockpit Procedure Trainer)3) Медицина: A Clinical Patient Testing, Current Procedural Terminology, (co-trimoxazole preventive therapy) профилактика ко-тримоксазолом, физиотерапевтическое лечение грудной клетки (chest physiotherapy)4) Американизм: Consumer Protection Trends5) Военный термин: Crisis Planning Team, central planning team, cockpit procedure trainer, consolidated pilot training, crew procedures trainer7) Строительство: погружение зонда в грунт статической вдавливающей нагрузкой с измерением показателей сопротивления грунта, статическое зондирование, static probing, static sounding, электрический конический зонд, электрический конический пенетрометр, CPT probe, cone penetration test probe, Core Penetration Test8) Математика: Cross Product Terms9) Железнодорожный термин: Canadian Pacific Railway10) Юридический термин: corporate profit tax11) Экономика: cost per transaction, стоимость транзакции12) Бухгалтерия: Central Payment Tool13) Ветеринария: Carnivore Preservation Trust14) Телекоммуникации: Cellular Paging Teleservice15) Сокращение: Cell Preparation Tube, Cockpit Procedures Trainer, Command Post Terminal, standard cone penetration test, Carriage Paid To, Cone Penetrometer Test16) Университет: Computerized Placement Test, Curricular Practical Training17) Вычислительная техника: Chief Programmer Team, расширение файлов в формате Corel PhotoPaint18) Нефть: cone penetration test, испытания с помощью конического пенетрометра (cone penetrometer test)19) Транспорт: перевозка оплачена до (carriage paid to), фрахт оплачен до (Incoterm)20) Реклама: стоимость тысячи контактов21) Деловая лексика: Client Processing Time22) Сетевые технологии: critical path technique, customer provided terminal, метод критического пути, терминал пользователя23) ЕБРР: перевозка оплачена до (named place of destination; указать место назначения)24) Автоматика: continuous path tape controlled25) Медицинская техника: cold pressor test26) Химическое оружие: control power transformer27) Авиационная медицина: continuous performance test28) Расширение файла: CA-Cricket Presents Template, Command Pass Through, Compact Pro Compressed Macintosh file archive, dBASE enCryPTed memo file, Corel Photo-Paint file (Bitmap graphics)30) МИД: European Committee for the Prevention of Torture, Комитет Совета Европы по предотвращению пыток и бесчеловечного или унижающего достоинство обращения или наказания31) Должность: Certified Phlebotomy Technician32) NYSE. Camden Property Trust33) Аэропорты: Cape Town, South Africa34) Единицы измерений: Cost Per Transfer35) Международные перевозки: Carriage paid to (Incoterms) -
123 STEPS
1) Военный термин: II Scientific and Technical ELINT Processing System II, Scientific and Technical ELINT Processing System, Service Transition Education Purpose And Success2) Метеорология: Severe Thunderstorm Electrification And Precipitation Study3) Сокращение: Simulation, Training, Education & Procedural System4) Университет: Skills For Tertiary Education Preparation Studies, Success To Every Presidential Scholar5) Физиология: System For Thalidomide Education And Prescribing Safety6) Деловая лексика: Starting To Evolve A Plan For Success7) Образование: Science Technology And Engineering Preview Summer, Student Testing Evaluation And Performance Standards8) Должность: Student And Temporary Employee Placement Services9) Программное обеспечение: Software Technique For Evolutionary Participative System -
124 cpt
1) Компьютерная техника: Color Palette Table, computerized processing transponder2) Авиация: Процедурный тренажер ( Cockpit Procedure Trainer)3) Медицина: A Clinical Patient Testing, Current Procedural Terminology, (co-trimoxazole preventive therapy) профилактика ко-тримоксазолом, физиотерапевтическое лечение грудной клетки (chest physiotherapy)4) Американизм: Consumer Protection Trends5) Военный термин: Crisis Planning Team, central planning team, cockpit procedure trainer, consolidated pilot training, crew procedures trainer7) Строительство: погружение зонда в грунт статической вдавливающей нагрузкой с измерением показателей сопротивления грунта, статическое зондирование, static probing, static sounding, электрический конический зонд, электрический конический пенетрометр, CPT probe, cone penetration test probe, Core Penetration Test8) Математика: Cross Product Terms9) Железнодорожный термин: Canadian Pacific Railway10) Юридический термин: corporate profit tax11) Экономика: cost per transaction, стоимость транзакции12) Бухгалтерия: Central Payment Tool13) Ветеринария: Carnivore Preservation Trust14) Телекоммуникации: Cellular Paging Teleservice15) Сокращение: Cell Preparation Tube, Cockpit Procedures Trainer, Command Post Terminal, standard cone penetration test, Carriage Paid To, Cone Penetrometer Test16) Университет: Computerized Placement Test, Curricular Practical Training17) Вычислительная техника: Chief Programmer Team, расширение файлов в формате Corel PhotoPaint18) Нефть: cone penetration test, испытания с помощью конического пенетрометра (cone penetrometer test)19) Транспорт: перевозка оплачена до (carriage paid to), фрахт оплачен до (Incoterm)20) Реклама: стоимость тысячи контактов21) Деловая лексика: Client Processing Time22) Сетевые технологии: critical path technique, customer provided terminal, метод критического пути, терминал пользователя23) ЕБРР: перевозка оплачена до (named place of destination; указать место назначения)24) Автоматика: continuous path tape controlled25) Медицинская техника: cold pressor test26) Химическое оружие: control power transformer27) Авиационная медицина: continuous performance test28) Расширение файла: CA-Cricket Presents Template, Command Pass Through, Compact Pro Compressed Macintosh file archive, dBASE enCryPTed memo file, Corel Photo-Paint file (Bitmap graphics)30) МИД: European Committee for the Prevention of Torture, Комитет Совета Европы по предотвращению пыток и бесчеловечного или унижающего достоинство обращения или наказания31) Должность: Certified Phlebotomy Technician32) NYSE. Camden Property Trust33) Аэропорты: Cape Town, South Africa34) Единицы измерений: Cost Per Transfer35) Международные перевозки: Carriage paid to (Incoterms) -
125 steps
1) Военный термин: II Scientific and Technical ELINT Processing System II, Scientific and Technical ELINT Processing System, Service Transition Education Purpose And Success2) Метеорология: Severe Thunderstorm Electrification And Precipitation Study3) Сокращение: Simulation, Training, Education & Procedural System4) Университет: Skills For Tertiary Education Preparation Studies, Success To Every Presidential Scholar5) Физиология: System For Thalidomide Education And Prescribing Safety6) Деловая лексика: Starting To Evolve A Plan For Success7) Образование: Science Technology And Engineering Preview Summer, Student Testing Evaluation And Performance Standards8) Должность: Student And Temporary Employee Placement Services9) Программное обеспечение: Software Technique For Evolutionary Participative System -
126 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
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127 Champion, Nehemiah
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1678 probably Bristol, Englandd. 9 September 1747 probably Bristol, England[br]English merchant and brass manufacturer of Bristol.[br]Several members of Champion's Quaker family were actively engaged as merchants in Bristol during the late seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries. Port records show Nehemiah in receipt of Cornish copper ore at Bristol's Crews Hole smelting works by 1706, in association with the newly formed brassworks of the city. He later became a leading partner, managing the company some time after Abraham Darby left the Bristol works to pursue his interest at Coalbrookdale. Champion, probably in company with his father, became the largest customer for Darby's Coalbrookdale products and also acted as Agent, at least briefly, for Thomas Newcomen.A patent in 1723 related to two separate innovations introduced by the brass company.The first improved the output of brass by granulating the copper constituent and increasing its surface area. A greater proportion of zinc vapour could permeate the granules compared with the previous practice, resulting in the technique being adopted generally in the cementation process used at the time. The latter part of the same patent introduced a new type of coal-fired furnace which facilitated annealing in bulk so replacing the individual processing of pieces. The principle of batch annealing was generally adopted, although the type of furnace was later improved. A further patent, in 1739, in the name of Nehemiah, concerned overshot water-wheels possibly intended for use in conjunction with the Newcomen atmospheric pumping engine employed for recycling water by his son William.Champion's two sons, John and William, and their two sons, both named John, were all concerned with production of non-ferrous metals and responsible for patented innovations. Nehemiah, shortly before his death, is believed to have partnered William at the Warmley works to exploit his son's new patent for producing metallic zinc.[br]Bibliography1723, British patent no. 454 (granulated copper technique and coal-fired furnace). 1739, British patent no. 567 (overshot water-wheels).Further ReadingA.Raistrick, 1950, Quakers in Science and Industry, London: Bannisdale Press (for the Champion family generally).J.Day, 1973, Bristol Brass, a History of the Industry, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles (for the industrial activities of Nehemiah).JD -
128 instrumentation
- установка измерительных приборов
- приборооснащение
- оснащение приборами и аппаратурой
- оснащение контрольно-измерительными приборами и средствами
- оснащение контрольно-измерительными приборами
- оборудование
- контрольно-измерительные приборы
- контрольно-измерительная аппаратура
- измерительные приборы
- измерения
- аппаратура
аппаратура
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[Интент]FR
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виды аппаратуры
- низковольтная аппаратура
- аппаратура распределения
- аппаратура управления
- аппаратура распределения и управления
- аппаратура для цепей управления
- коммутационная аппаратура
- контрльно-измерительная аппаратура (КИП)
- электронная аппаратура
- радиоэлектронная аппаратура
- закрытая аппаратура без вентиляции, охлаждаемая естественной конвекцией воздуха
- закрытая вентилируемая аппаратура
- открытая аппаратура
- периферийная аппаратура
- переносная аппаратура
- портативная аппаратура
Тематики
- аппарат, изделие, устройство...
EN
измерительные приборы
средства измерения
контрольно-измерительная аппаратура
измерительная техника
аппаратура измерения
оснащение средствами контроля
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[Л.Г.Суменко. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям. М.: ГП ЦНИИС, 2003.]Тематики
Синонимы
- средства измерения
- контрольно-измерительная аппаратура
- измерительная техника
- аппаратура измерения
- оснащение средствами контроля
EN
контрольно-измерительная аппаратура
контрольно-измерительные приборы
КИП
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
контрольно-измерительные приборы
КИП
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
оборудование
оборудование
Совокупность связанных между собой частей или устройств, из которых по крайней мере одно движется, а также элементы привода, управления и энергетические узлы, которые предназначены для определенного применения, в частности для обработки, производства, перемещения или упаковки материала. К термину «оборудование» относят также машину и совокупность машин, которые так устроены и управляемы, что они функционируют как единое целое для достижения одной и той же цели.
[ГОСТ ЕН 1070-2003]
-
[IEV number 151-11-25 ]
оборудование
Оснащение, материалы, приспособления, устройства, механизмы, приборы, инструменты и другие принадлежности, используемые в качестве частей электрической установки или в соединении с ней.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60204-1-2007]EN
equipment
single apparatus or set of devices or apparatuses, or the set of main devices of an installation, or all devices necessary to perform a specific task
NOTE – Examples of equipment are a power transformer, the equipment of a substation, measuring equipment.
[IEV number 151-11-25 ]
equipment
material, fittings, devices, components, appliances, fixtures, apparatus, and the like used as part of, or in connection with, the electrical equipment of machines
[IEC 60204-1-2006]FR
équipement, m
matériel, m
appareil unique ou ensemble de dispositifs ou appareils, ou ensemble des dispositifs principaux d'une installation, ou ensemble des dispositifs nécessaires à l'accomplissement d'une tâche particulière
NOTE – Des exemples d’équipement ou de matériel sont un transformateur de puissance, l’équipement d’une sous-station, un équipement de mesure.
[IEV number 151-11-25]Тематики
EN
- accessories
- apparatus
- appliance
- assets
- environment
- equipment
- facility
- fitment
- fixing
- gear
- H/W
- hardware
- hardware environment
- HW
- installation
- instrument
- instrumentation
- layout
- machinery
- outfit
- paraphernalia
- plant
- plant stock
- product
- provisions
- rig
- rigging
- set-up
- stock-in-trade
- tackle
- technical equipment
- technique
DE
FR
- machine
- matériel, m
- équipement, m
оснащение контрольно-измерительными приборами
оснащение оборудованием
установка оборудования
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
оснащение контрольно-измерительными приборами и средствами
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
instrumentation
Designing, manufacturing, and utilizing physical instruments or instrument systems for detection, observation, measurement, automatic control, automatic computation, communication, or data processing. (Source: MGH)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
оснащение приборами и аппаратурой
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
приборооснащение
оснащение контрольно-измерительной аппаратурой
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
установка измерительных приборов
оснащение контрольно-измерительной аппаратурой
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > instrumentation
См. также в других словарях:
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