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1 impact de l'énergie sur l'environnement
воздействие производства энергии на окружающую среду
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
environmental impact of energy
Energy and environmental problems are closely related, since it is nearly impossible to produce, transport, or consume energy without significant environmental impact. The environmental problems directly related to energy production and consumption include air pollution, water pollution, thermal pollution, and solid waste disposal. The emission of air pollutants from fossil fuel combustion is the major cause of urban air pollution. Diverse water pollution problems are associated with energy usage. One major problem is oil spills. In all petroleum-handling operations, there is a finite probability of spilling oil either on the earth or in a body of water. Coal mining can also pollute water. Changes in groundwater flow produced by mining operations often bring otherwise unpolluted waters into contact with certain mineral materials which are leached from the soil and produce an acid mine drainage. Solid waste is also a by-product of some forms of energy usage. Coal mining requires the removal of large quantities of earth as well as coal. In general, environmental problems increase with energy use and this combined with the limited energy resource base is the crux of the energy crisis. An energy impact assessment should compare these costs with the benefits to be derived from energy use. (Source: RAU)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > impact de l'énergie sur l'environnement
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2 démarrage direct
прямой пуск вращающегося электродвигателя
Пуск вращающегося электродвигателя путем непосредственного подключения его к питающей сети.
[ ГОСТ 27471-87]EN
direct-on-line starting
across-the-line starting (US)
the process of starting a motor by connecting it directly to the supply at rated voltage
[IEV number 411-52-15]FR
démarrage direct
mode de démarrage d'un moteur, consistant à lui appliquer directement sa pleine tension assignée
[IEV number 411-52-15]
Рис. ABB
Схема прямого пуска электродвигателяMagnetic only circuit-breaker - Автоматический выключатель с электромагнитным расцепителем
Contactor KL - Контактор KL
Thermal relay - Тепловое реле
Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Direct-on-line starting
Direct-on-line starting, which is often abbreviated as DOL, is perhaps the most traditional system and consists in connecting the motor directly to the supply network, thus carrying out starting at full voltage.Direct-on-line starting represents the simplest and the most economical system to start a squirrel-cage asynchronous motor and it is the most used.
As represented in Figure 5, it provides the direct connection to the supply network and therefore starting is carried out at full voltage and with constant frequency, developing a high starting torque with very reduced acceleration times.
The typical applications are relevant to small power motors also with full load starting.
These advantages are linked to some problems such as, for example, the high inrush current, which - in the first instants - can reach values of about 10 to 12 times the rated current, then can decrease to about 6 to 8 times the rated current and can persist to reach the maximum torque speed.The effects of such currents can be identified with the high electro-dynamical stresses on the motor connection cables and could affect also the windings of the motor itself; besides, the high inrush torques can cause violent accelerations which stress the transmission components (belts and joints) generating distribution problems with a reduction in the mechanical life of these elements.
Finally, also the possible electrical problems due to voltage drops on the supply line of the motor or of the connected equipment must be taken into consideration.
[ABB]Прямой пуск
Прямой пуск, который по-английски часто сокращенно обозначают как DOL, является, пожалуй наиболее распространенным способом пуска. Он заключается в непосредственном (т. е. прямом) подключении двигателя к питающей сети. Это означает, что пуск двигателя осуществляется при полном напряжении.Схема прямого пуска является наиболее простым, экономичным и чаще всего применяемым решением для электродвигателей с короткозамкнутым ротором.
Схема прямого подключения к сети представлена на рисунке 5. Пуск осуществляется при полном напряжении и постоянной частоте сети. Электродвигатель развивает высокий пусковой момент при коротком времени разгона.
Типичные области применения – маломощные электродвигатели, в том числе с пуском при полной нагрузке.
Однако, наряду с преимуществами имеются и определенные недостатки, например, бросок пускового тока, достигающий в первоначальный момент 10…12-кратного значения от номинального тока электродвигателя. Затем ток двигателя уменьшается примерно до 6…8-кратного значения номинального тока и будет держаться на этом уровне до тех пор, пока скорость двигателя не достигнет максимального значения.
Такое изменение тока оказывает значительное электродинамическое воздействие на кабель, подключенный к двигателю. Кроме того пусковой ток воздействует на обмотки двигателя. Высокий начальный пусковой момент может привести к значительному ускорению и следовательно к значительной нагрузке элементов привода (ремней, крепления узлов), что вызывает сокращение их срока службы.
И, наконец, следует принять во внимание возможное возникновение проблем, связанных с падением напряжения в линии питания двигателя и подключенного к этой линии оборудования.
[Перевод Интент]
Тематики
Синонимы
EN
- across-the-line starting (US)
- direct line starting
- direct operation of a motor
- direct starting
- direct-on-line starting
- DOL
- full voltage starter application
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > démarrage direct
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3 Commission des associations nationales
Commission de l'UEFA qui a pour tâche de traiter des relations entre l' UEFA et les associations membres de l'UEFA, notamment des problèmes au sein de ou entre associations membres de l'UEFA, des problèmes concernant les demandes d'admission à l'UEFA et de la collaboration avec les autorités politiques.A UEFA committee whose duty is to deal with relations between UEFA and the UEFA member associations, in particular problems within or between UEFA member associations, problems regarding applications for UEFA membership, and cooperation with political authorities.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > Commission des associations nationales
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4 Conseil stratégique du football professionnel
Organe composé de quatre vice-présidents du Comité exécutif de l'UEFA et de représentants des intérêts des ligues européennes de football professionnel, des intérêts des clubs participant aux compétitions de l'UEFA et des intérêts des joueurs professionnels en Europe, qui est notamment chargé de rechercher des solutions en vue d'améliorer la collaboration entre les parties prenantes du football européen, de traiter des problèmes relatifs au dialogue social dans le domaine du football professionnel européen, et de traiter des questions liées aux compétitions interclubs de l'UEFA et à leur calendrier.► L'objectif du CSFP en tant qu'organe consultatif est de faire des recommandations au Comité exécutif de l'UEFA en tenant compte des intérêts et des besoins de toutes les parties prenantes du football européen reconnues par l' UEFA.
Syn. Conseil stratégique du football professionnel de l'UEFA m, CSFP m abrév.A body composed of four vice-presidents of the UEFA Executive Committee and of representatives of the interests of the European professional football leagues, representatives of the interests of the clubs participating in the UEFA competitions, and representatives of the interests of the professional players in Europe, that is, in particular, in charge of identifying solutions to improve collaboration between the various stakeholders of European football, of dealing with problems pertaining to the social dialogue in European professional football matters and with questions related to the UEFA club competitions and their calendars.► The purpose of the PFSC as a consultative body is to make recommendations to the UEFA Executive Committee, taking in due consideration the interests and needs of all stakeholders of European football recognised by UEFA.
Syn. PFSC abbr., UEFA Professional Football Strategy CouncilDictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > Conseil stratégique du football professionnel
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5 Conseil stratégique du football professionnel de l'UEFA
Organe composé de quatre vice-présidents du Comité exécutif de l'UEFA et de représentants des intérêts des ligues européennes de football professionnel, des intérêts des clubs participant aux compétitions de l'UEFA et des intérêts des joueurs professionnels en Europe, qui est notamment chargé de rechercher des solutions en vue d'améliorer la collaboration entre les parties prenantes du football européen, de traiter des problèmes relatifs au dialogue social dans le domaine du football professionnel européen, et de traiter des questions liées aux compétitions interclubs de l'UEFA et à leur calendrier.► L'objectif du CSFP en tant qu'organe consultatif est de faire des recommandations au Comité exécutif de l'UEFA en tenant compte des intérêts et des besoins de toutes les parties prenantes du football européen reconnues par l' UEFA.
Syn. Conseil stratégique du football professionnel de l'UEFA m, CSFP m abrév.A body composed of four vice-presidents of the UEFA Executive Committee and of representatives of the interests of the European professional football leagues, representatives of the interests of the clubs participating in the UEFA competitions, and representatives of the interests of the professional players in Europe, that is, in particular, in charge of identifying solutions to improve collaboration between the various stakeholders of European football, of dealing with problems pertaining to the social dialogue in European professional football matters and with questions related to the UEFA club competitions and their calendars.► The purpose of the PFSC as a consultative body is to make recommendations to the UEFA Executive Committee, taking in due consideration the interests and needs of all stakeholders of European football recognised by UEFA.
Syn. PFSC abbr., UEFA Professional Football Strategy CouncilDictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > Conseil stratégique du football professionnel de l'UEFA
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6 CSFP
Organe composé de quatre vice-présidents du Comité exécutif de l'UEFA et de représentants des intérêts des ligues européennes de football professionnel, des intérêts des clubs participant aux compétitions de l'UEFA et des intérêts des joueurs professionnels en Europe, qui est notamment chargé de rechercher des solutions en vue d'améliorer la collaboration entre les parties prenantes du football européen, de traiter des problèmes relatifs au dialogue social dans le domaine du football professionnel européen, et de traiter des questions liées aux compétitions interclubs de l'UEFA et à leur calendrier.► L'objectif du CSFP en tant qu'organe consultatif est de faire des recommandations au Comité exécutif de l'UEFA en tenant compte des intérêts et des besoins de toutes les parties prenantes du football européen reconnues par l' UEFA.
Syn. Conseil stratégique du football professionnel de l'UEFA m, CSFP m abrév.A body composed of four vice-presidents of the UEFA Executive Committee and of representatives of the interests of the European professional football leagues, representatives of the interests of the clubs participating in the UEFA competitions, and representatives of the interests of the professional players in Europe, that is, in particular, in charge of identifying solutions to improve collaboration between the various stakeholders of European football, of dealing with problems pertaining to the social dialogue in European professional football matters and with questions related to the UEFA club competitions and their calendars.► The purpose of the PFSC as a consultative body is to make recommendations to the UEFA Executive Committee, taking in due consideration the interests and needs of all stakeholders of European football recognised by UEFA.
Syn. PFSC abbr., UEFA Professional Football Strategy Council -
7 FCE
Forum des clubs européens m ancienForum composé de 102 membres, plus des clubs admis sur la base de leurs performances sportives, dont les principaux objectifs et devoirs sont d'assurer, entre les clubs et l'UEFA, une communication directe ainsi qu'une collaboration conformément aux Statuts de l' UEFA, de conseiller la Commission des compétitions interclubs de l'UEFA sur des problèmes relatifs au football interclubs et sur les modèles de distribution des revenus des compétitions interclubs de l'UEFA et de collaborer avec les autres commissions de l'UEFA pour les questions relatives au football professionnel en Europe.Syn. FCE m ancien abrév.A forum composed of 102 members, plus clubs with sporting merit, whose main aims and duties are to ensure direct communication between the clubs and UEFA as well as cooperation within the framework of the UEFA Statutes, to advise the UEFA Club Competitions Committee on problems relating to club football and on UEFA club competition revenue distribution patterns, and to cooperate with any other appropriate UEFA committee in matters related to professional football in Europe.Syn. ECF old abbr. -
8 Forum des clubs européens
Forum des clubs européens m ancienForum composé de 102 membres, plus des clubs admis sur la base de leurs performances sportives, dont les principaux objectifs et devoirs sont d'assurer, entre les clubs et l'UEFA, une communication directe ainsi qu'une collaboration conformément aux Statuts de l' UEFA, de conseiller la Commission des compétitions interclubs de l'UEFA sur des problèmes relatifs au football interclubs et sur les modèles de distribution des revenus des compétitions interclubs de l'UEFA et de collaborer avec les autres commissions de l'UEFA pour les questions relatives au football professionnel en Europe.Syn. FCE m ancien abrév.A forum composed of 102 members, plus clubs with sporting merit, whose main aims and duties are to ensure direct communication between the clubs and UEFA as well as cooperation within the framework of the UEFA Statutes, to advise the UEFA Club Competitions Committee on problems relating to club football and on UEFA club competition revenue distribution patterns, and to cooperate with any other appropriate UEFA committee in matters related to professional football in Europe.Syn. ECF old abbr.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > Forum des clubs européens
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9 réduction des déchets ŕ la source
безотходное производство и потребление
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
waste avoidance
All measures by which production and consumption processes are caused to generate less (or no waste), or to generate only those wastes that can be treated without causing problems.
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > réduction des déchets ŕ la source
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10 réserve biologique
биологический заповедник
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
biological reserve
An area of land and/or of water designated as having protected status for purposes of preserving certain biological features. Reserves are managed primarily to safeguard these features and provide opportunities for research into the problems underlying the management of natural sites and of vegetation and animal populations. Regulations are normally imposed controlling public access and disturbance. (Source: GOOD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > réserve biologique
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11 bioéthique
биоэтика
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
bioethics
The study of ethical problems arising from biological research and its applications in such fields as organ transplantation, genetic engineering, or artificial insemination. (Source: CED)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > bioéthique
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12 effet climatique
влияние климата
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
climatic effect
Climate has a central influence on many human needs and activities, such as agriculture, housing, human health, water resources, and energy use. The influence of climate on vegetation and soil type is so strong that the earliest climate classification schemes where often based more on these factors than on the meteorological variables. While technology can be used to mitigate the effects of unfavorable climatic conditions, climate fluctuations that result in significant departures from normal cause serious problems for modern industrialized societies as much as for primitive ones. The goals of climatology are to provide a comprehensive description of the Earth's climate, to understand its features in terms of fundamental physical principles, and to develop models of the Earth's climate that will allow the prediction of future changes that may result from natural and human causes. (Source: PARCOR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > effet climatique
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13 géologie des ressources pétroličres
геология нефти
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
petroleum geology
The branch of economic geology that relates to the origin, migration and accumulation of oil and gas, and to the discovery of commercial deposits. Its practice involves the application of geochemistry, geophysics, paleontology, structural geology and stratigraphy to the problems of finding hydrocarbons. (Source: BJGEO)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > géologie des ressources pétroličres
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14 géologie miničre
геология рудных месторождений
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
mining geology
The study of geologic aspects of mineral deposits, with particular regard to problems associated with mining. (Source: BJGEO)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > géologie miničre
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15 géotechnique
геотехника
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
geotechnics
The application of scientific methods and engineering principles to civil engineering problems through acquiring, interpreting, and using knowledge of materials of the crust of the earth. (Source: MGH)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > géotechnique
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16 hydrométéorologie
гидрометеорология
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
hydrometeorology
That part of meteorology of direct concern to hydrologic problems, particularly to flood control, hydroelectric power, irrigation, and similar fields of engineering and water resource. (Source: ZINZAN)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > hydrométéorologie
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17 gestion des eaux urbaines
городская система управления водоснабжением
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
municipal water management
Municipal water management deals with aspects of water supply and water technology concerning planning, processing, building and producing. It also concerns the problems of waste water collection, sewage disposal, waste water treatment in rural areas, water economising measures, water body quality management. (Source: TUBERL)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > gestion des eaux urbaines
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18 réserve biologique gouvernementale
государственный биологический заповедник
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
state biological reserve
An area of land and/or of water designated as having protected status for purposes of preserving certain biological features. Reserves are managed primarily to safeguard these features and provide opportunities for research into the problems underlying the management of natural sites and of vegetation and animal populations. Regulations are normally imposed controlling public access and disturbance. (Source: GOOD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > réserve biologique gouvernementale
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19 recueil dc problèmes
задачник
Практикум, содержащий учебные задачи.
[ГОСТ 7.60-2003]Тематики
- издания, основные виды и элементы
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > recueil dc problèmes
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20 protection de défaut à la terre
защита от замыканий на землю
Защита, предназначенная срабатывать при замыканиях на землю в энергосистеме.
[Разработка типовых структурных схем микропроцессорных устройств РЗА на объектах ОАО "ФКС ЕЭС". Пояснительная записка. Новосибирск 2006 г.]EN
earth-fault protection
ground-fault protection (US)
protection intended to operate for power system earth faults
[IEV ref 448-14-28]FR
protection de défaut à la terre
protection destinée à fonctionner en cas de défaut à la terre dans le réseau d'énergie
[IEV ref 448-14-28]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
The earth fault, caused by an insulation loss between a live conductor and an exposed conductive part, represents a plant engineering problem which may cause damage to the electrical installations and above all may jeopardize people; as a matter of fact, people could get in touch with an exposed-conductive-part not normally live but which, due to the fault, might have a dangerous potential to ground.
The scope of this technical paper is providing the reader with the necessary information about the main normative aspects regarding protection against earth fault and indirect contact, clarifying the relevant problems and illustrating the solution proposed by ABB SACE
[ABB]Замыкания на землю, вызванные повреждением изоляции между токоведущим проводником и открытой проводящей частью, представляют определенную проблему при эксплуатации электроустановок, поскольку такие неисправности могут привести к выходу электрооборудования из строя и, кроме того, подвергают людей опасности поражения электрическим током. Это объясняется тем, что человек может прикоснуться к открытой проводящей части, которая в нормальных условиях не находится под напряжением, но из-за повреждения изоляции приобретает опасный потенциал относительно земли.
В рамках данного технического документа читателю будет предоставлена вся необходимая информация об основных нормативных аспектах, касающихся обеспечения защиты от замыкания на землю и защиты при косвенном прикосновении, при этом будут подробно рассмотрены существующие проблемы и описаны решения, предлагаемые ABB SACE.
[Перевод Интент]Тематики
- выключатель автоматический
- расцепитель, тепловое реле
- релейная защита
- электробезопасность
EN
- earth fault protection
- earth-fault protection
- ground-fault protection
- protection against earth fault
- protection against ground fault
- protection against ground-fault
DE
- Erdkurzschlussschutz, m
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > protection de défaut à la terre
См. также в других словарях:
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