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121 peak
peak [pi:k]1. nounb. [of cap] visière fc. ( = high point) sommet m[sales, demand] atteindre son niveau maximum• to peak at 45% atteindre au maximum 45 %3. compounds► peak time noun (British) (TV) heures fpl de grande écoute ; (for traffic, train services) heures fpl de pointe► peak-time adjective (British) [programme] diffusé à des heures de grande écoute ; [traffic, train services] des périodes de pointe* * *[piːk] 1.1) ( of mountain) pic m (of de)2) ( of cap) visière f3) (of inflation, demand, price) maximum m (in dans; of de); ( on a graph) sommet m4) ( high point) (of career, empire, creativity) apogée m (of de); (of fitness, form) meilleur m (of de)to be past its ou one's peak — avoir fait son temps
5) ( busiest time) gen heure f de pointe; Telecommunications heures fpl rouges2. 3.intransitive verb lit, fig culminer (at à)to peak too early — [runner] se lancer trop tôt; [prodigy] s'épanouir trop tôt; ( in career) réussir trop tôt
Phrasal Verbs:- peak out -
122 question
question [ˈkwest∫ən]1. nouna. question fb. ( = doubt) there is no question about it cela ne fait aucun doute• there's no question that this is better une chose est sûre, c'est mieux• she is without question one of the greatest writers of her generation elle est sans conteste l'un des plus grands écrivains de sa générationc. ( = matter, subject) question f• it's all a question of what you want to do eventually tout dépend de ce que tu veux faire en fin de comptea. [+ person] interrogerb. [+ motive, account, sb's honesty] remettre en question3. compounds• there is a question mark over whether he meant to do it on ne sait pas au juste s'il avait l'intention de le faire━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━* * *['kwestʃən] 1.1) ( request for information) question f ( about sur); ( in exam) question fin reply to a question from Mr John Molloy — en réponse à une question posée par M. John Molloy
a question from the floor — ( in parliament) une question provenant de l'assemblée
2) ( practical issue) problème m; ( ethical issue) question fthe question arises as to who is going to pay the bill — la question se pose, à savoir qui va payer la note
3) ( uncertainty) doute m2.transitive verb1) ( interrogate) questionner [suspect, politician]2) ( cast doubt upon) ( on one occasion) mettre en doute [tactics, methods]; ( over longer period) douter de [tactics, methods]to question whether — douter que (+ subj)
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123 share
share [∫εər]1. nouna. part f• I share your hope that... j'espère comme vous que...4. compounds► share shop noun (British) guichet où sont vendues les actions émises lors de la privatisation des entreprises publiques* * *[ʃeə(r)] 1.1) (of money, food, profits, blame) part f (of de)to have a share in — être pour quelque chose dans, contribuer à [success etc]
2) Finance action f3) Agriculture soc m (de charrue)2. 3.transitive verb partager [money, house, opinion] ( with avec); se partager [chore]4.to share in — prendre part à [success, happiness, benefits]
Phrasal Verbs:•• -
124 start
start [stα:t]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. noun4. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. nouna. ( = beginning) [of book, film, career] début m ; [of negotiations] ouverture f ; [of race] départ m• the start of the academic year (at university) la rentrée universitaire ; (at school) la rentrée des classes• let's make a start on that washing-up allez, on se met à la vaissellec. ( = sudden movement) sursaut m• you gave me such a start! ce que vous m'avez fait peur !a. ( = begin) commencer (to do sth, doing sth à faire qch ) ; [+ task] entreprendre ; [+ bottle, jar, loaf of bread] entamer• to start life as... débuter dans la vie comme...• don't start that again! tu ne vas pas recommencer !• let's get started! allons-y !b. ( = originate, initiate) [+ discussion] commencer ; [+ conversation] engager ; [+ quarrel, reform, series of events] déclencher ; [+ fashion] lancer ; [+ phenomenon, institution] donner naissance à ; [+ custom, policy] inaugurerc. ( = cause to start) [+ engine, vehicle] mettre en marche ; [+ race] donner le signal du départ de• he started the ball rolling by saying... pour commencer, il a dit...• if you start him (off) on that subject... si tu le lances sur ce sujet...a. ( = begin) commencer• let's start! allons-y !• well, to start at the beginning... eh bien, pour commencer par le commencement...• do start before it gets cold! ( = begin to eat) commencez avant que ça ne refroidisse• to start with, there were only three of them, but later... au début ils n'étaient que trois, mais après...• we only had $100 to start with nous n'avions que 100 dollars pour commencer► to start (off) with sth commencer par qch• he started off with the intention of writing a thesis au début son intention était d'écrire une thèseb. ( = leave) [person, ship] partir• ten horses started and only three finished dix chevaux ont pris le départ mais trois seulement ont fini la coursec. ( = get going) [car, engine, machine] démarrerd. ( = jump nervously) [person] sursauter ; [animal] tressaillir4. compounds• to be fast/slow off the starting blocks (figurative) être rapide/lent à démarrer ► starting gate noun starting-gate ma. ( = return) repartirb. ( = recoil) [person, horse] faire un bond en arrière► start off intransitive verb, separable transitive verb→ starta. ( = begin) commencer• I started on the job last week (employment) j'ai commencé à travailler la semaine dernière ; (task) je m'y suis mis la semaine dernière→ start► start up intransitive verb, separable transitive verb→ start* * *[stɑːt] 1.1) ( beginning) début mto make an early start — ( on journey) partir tôt
that's a good start — lit c'est un bon début; iron ça commence bien
to make a fresh ou new start — prendre un nouveau départ
2) ( advantage) avantage m; (in time, distance) avance f3) Sport ligne f de départ4) ( movement)2.transitive verb1) ( begin) commencer [day, activity]; entamer [bottle, packet]to start doing ou to do — commencer à faire, se mettre à faire
2) (cause, initiate) déclencher [quarrel, war]; instaurer [custom]; mettre [fire]; être à l'origine de [trouble, rumour]; lancer [fashion, enterprise]3) ( activate) faire démarrer [car]; mettre [quelque chose] en marche [machine]3.to start with adverbial phrase1) ( firstly) d'abord, premièrement2) ( at first) au début3) ( at all)4.I should never have told her to start with — pour commencer, je n'aurais jamais dû lui en parler
to start again ou afresh — recommencer
to start on — commencer [memoirs, journey]
don't start on me — ( in argument) ne recommence pas avec moi
starting Wednesday... — à compter de mercredi...
2) ( depart) partir3) ( jump nervously) sursauter (in de)4) Automobile, Technology [car, engine, machine] démarrer•Phrasal Verbs:- start up•• -
125 average
1 noun(a) (standard amount) moyenne f;∎ rough average moyenne approximative;∎ sales average moyenne des ventesaverage adjuster répartiteur(trice) m, f d'avaries; average adjustment répartition f d'avaries;average bond compromis m d'avarie(c) STOCK EXCHANGE indice mmoyen(enne)average cost per unit coût m unitaire moyen; average due date échéance f moyenne;average price prix m moyen;average revenue produit m moyen;average sample échantillon m normal;average tare tare f commune, tare moyenne;American average tax rate taux m d'imposition effectif ou moyen;average unit cost coût moyen unitaire;average yield rendement m moyenétablir ou faire la moyenne de; (perform typical number of) atteindre la moyenne de;∎ household spending averages £120 per week les dépenses des ménages sont de ou atteignent les 120 livres par semaine en moyenne;∎ the factory averages ten machines a day l'usine produit en moyenne dix machines par jours'élever en moyenne à;∎ profits average out at ten percent les bénéfices s'élèvent en moyenne à dix pour cent;∎ production averages out at 120 units per day la production est en moyenne de 120 unités par jour -
126 diminishing
décroissant(e); (price, quality, value) en baisseACCOUNTANCY diminishing balance (method) amortissement m linéaire;ECONOMICS diminishing marginal product produit m marginal décroissant;ECONOMICS diminishing returns rendements m pl décroissants;∎ law of diminishing returns loi f des rendements décroissantsNorman Price, one of the industrialists seconded to the DTI's future and innovation unit, which carried out the survey, said there was a danger that companies invested in their established businesses at the expense of new activities. Increased capital investment in mature business might bring productivity improvements, but such investment was subject to the law of diminishing returns.
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127 net
(weight, price, profit, interest) net (nette)net amount montant m net; net assets actif m net;net asset value valeur f d'actif net;formerly net book agreement = accord entre maisons d'édition et libraires stipulant que ces derniers n'ont le droit de vendre aucun ouvrage à un prix inférieur à celui fixé par l'éditeur;ACCOUNTANCY net book value valeur comptable nette;net capital expenditure mise f de fonds nette, dépenses f pl nettes d'investissement;ACCOUNTANCY net cash flow cash-flow m net;STOCK EXCHANGE net change écart m net;net contributor contributeur m net;net cost prix m de revient;ACCOUNTANCY net current assets actif circulant net;net discounted cash flow cash-flow actualisé net, flux m pl de trésorerie actualisés net;net dividend dividende m net;ECONOMICS net domestic product produit m intérieur net;net interest income net m financier;net loss perte f nette;net margin marge f nette;net national income revenu national net;net national product produit national net;net operating profit rentabilité f nette d'exploitation;net present value valeur actuelle nette;ACCOUNTANCY net present value rate taux m d'actualisation;net proceeds produit net;net profit bénéfice m net;net profit margin marge commerciale nette;net profit ratio ratio m de rentabilité nette;ACCOUNTANCY net realizable value valeur réalisable nette;net receipts recettes f pl nettes;net registered tonnage jauge f nette;net residual value valeur résiduelle nette;net result résultat m final;net return rendement m ou résultat net;net salary salaire net;net tangible assets actif corporel net;net tonnage jauge nette;net total montant net;net value valeur nette;ACCOUNTANCY net variance écart net;net working capital fonds m de roulement net;net worth situation f nette2 nounnet m;∎ net payable net à payer∎ he nets £20,000 a year il gagne 20 000 livres net par an4 adverbnet of tax net d'impôt;∎ net of VAT hors TVANet asset value (NAV), worked out by dividing the value of the portfolio, less borrowings, by the number of shares in issue, tells you how much each share can claim of the trust's assets. Discount or premium to NAV, the gap between the share price and the asset value, helps measure a trust's popularity.
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128 trading
commerce m, négoce m;∎ trading on the Stock Exchange was heavy le volume de transactions à la Bourse était importantACCOUNTANCY trading account compte m d'exploitation;trading bank banque f commerciale;trading capital capital m de roulement;trading company entreprise f commerciale;STOCK EXCHANGE trading day jour m de Bourse;British trading estate zone f industrielle;STOCK EXCHANGE trading floor parquet m, corbeille f;STOCK EXCHANGE trading instrument instrument m de négociation, outil m de spéculation;trading licence carte f de commerce;trading loss perte f;STOCK EXCHANGE trading member intermédiaire m négociateur;STOCK EXCHANGE trading month mois m d'échéance;trading nation nation f commerçante;STOCK EXCHANGE trading order ordre m de négociation;trading partner partenaire m commercial;trading profit bénéfice m d'exploitation;ACCOUNTANCY trading and profit and loss account compte de résultat;STOCK EXCHANGE trading range écart m de prix, fourchette f de cotation;∎ prices are stuck in a trading range les prix ne varient pas beaucoup;trading results résultats m pl de l'exercice;STOCK EXCHANGE trading room salle f des changes ou des marchés;STOCK EXCHANGE trading session séance f boursière;trading stamp timbre-prime m, vignette-épargne f;trading standards normes f pl de conformité;British Trading Standards Office ≃ Direction f de la consommation et de la représentation des fraudes;trading volume volume m d'affaires;trading year exercice m comptableThe platinum price moved higher Thursday with one analyst from Merrill Lynch & Co. New York, observing that the price is meandering in the trading range with a slight phasing out of physical metal on the market.
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