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1 libération des prix
Dictionnaire juridique, politique, économique et financier > libération des prix
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2 либерализация цен
либерализация цен
Полное или частичное освобождение централизованно планируемых (регулируемых) цен и переход к рыночному ценообразованию на основе спроса и предложения. Либерализация цен, проведенная 2 января 1992 года правительством Ельцина-Гайдара, явилась важным, хотя и далеко не единственным элементом комплекса мер по переводу централизованно планируемой экономики на рыночные рельсы (получившего в народе название «гайдаровские реформы»). Указом Президента Ельцина от 3 декабря 1991 года «О мерах по либерализации цен» и постановлением Правительства от 19 декабря «О мерах по либерализации цен» была освобождена основная масса оптовых и розничных цен на товары и услуги, обращавшиеся в народном хозяйстве. Исключение составили, во-первых, нефть, газ и железнодорожные перевозки, а во-вторых, розничные цены на некоторые продовольственные продукты ( включая молочные, а также хлеб, соль, сахар и др.). Относительно последних был принят компромисс: право решать, какие из них оставить регулируемыми, а какие освободить, предоставлялось властям регионов. Лишь постепенно, с существенными различиями в темпах, разные регионы решили задачу либерализации продуктовых цен. Во многом этот процесс зависел от темпов приватизации предприятий розничной и оптовой торговли, но еще больше — от политических позиций администраций регионов. Там, где в администрации доминировали коммунисты, либерализация цен затянулась, товары продавались по карточкам, магазины были полупусты, предприятия облагались налогами для покрытия дотаций к ценам, границы с другими регионами перекрывались, и это разрушало единое экономическое пространство страны. В большинстве же регионов уже в 1992 г. жизнь нормализовалась, основные товары можно было купить свободно. Именно с либерализации цен началось современное изобилие товаров, появились все те супермаркеты и гипермаркеты, которые уже никого не удивляют и воспринимаются как должное. Либерализацию цен провели в процессе перехода от плана к рынку все постсоциалистические страны – тут Россия не исключение. (См. Закономерности перехода от социализма к капитализму, от плана к рынку) После краха гитлеровской Германии профессор Л.Эрхард, которого весь мир признает «автором Германского экономического чуда», тоже начал свои реформы с либерализации цен. Вопрос лишь в том, как та или иная страна использует открывающиеся в результате этой меры возможности. См. также Либерализация экономики.
[ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > либерализация цен
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3 освобождение цен
liberalization of prices, price liberalizationBanks. Exchanges. Accounting. (Russian-English) > освобождение цен
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4 лібералізація
жliberalization; thaw -
5 звільнення
с1) ( визволення) liberation; release, deliverance; (від гніту, експлуатації) тж. emancipation; ( ув'язненого) dischargeзвільнення буфера комп. — buffer deallocation
звільнення каретки комп. — carriage release
звільнення на поруки — release on bail, bailment
2) (від податків, обов'язків) exemption, release, relief; ( зняття обмежень) liberalizationзвільнення від відповідальності — exemption from liability, exemption of liability
звільнення від обов'язків — discharge, dispensation, waiver of obligations, exemption from liabilities
звільнення від оподаткування — exemption from taxation, immunity from taxation
звільнення від покарання — impunity, indemnity
3) ( з роботи) discharge, dismissal, expulsion; sl. mitten4) військ.звільнення на берег мор. — special leave, shore-leave
5) ( про приміщення) vacation -
6 либерализация цен
1) Economy: price liberalization, price deregulation2) EBRD: price liberalisation -
7 prisliberalisering
subst. price liberalization, freeing of prices -
8 liberalización
f.liberalization, decontrol.* * *1 (en política) liberalization; (en economía) relaxation of restrictions■ la liberalización del comercio internacional generará riqueza the relaxation of international trade restrictions will generate wealth* * ** * *femenino liberalization* * *= deregulation, liberalisation [liberalization, -USA].Ex. Particular attention is paid to deregulation of telecommunications and the role of European entrepreneurs such as Robert Maxwell.Ex. Without a written constitution, the UK has a durable political tradition of government secrecy, and all attempts at liberalization have so far been conspicuously unsuccessful.* * *femenino liberalization* * *= deregulation, liberalisation [liberalization, -USA].Ex: Particular attention is paid to deregulation of telecommunications and the role of European entrepreneurs such as Robert Maxwell.
Ex: Without a written constitution, the UK has a durable political tradition of government secrecy, and all attempts at liberalization have so far been conspicuously unsuccessful.* * *liberalizationla liberalización del comercio exterior the easing o relaxing of restrictions on foreign tradela liberalización del transporte de mercancías por carretera liberalization o deregulation of road haulagehubo una total liberalización de los precios price controls were abolished o removed* * *1. [de régimen, leyes] liberalization2. [de economía, sector] deregulation;la liberalización de precios the abolition of price controls* * *f liberalization -
9 liberalizzazione
f liberalization* * *liberalizzazione s.f. (econ.) liberalization; (di prezzi, affitti, salari) decontrol; (abolizione di regolamenti restrittivi) deregulation: liberalizzazione degli scambi, liberalization of trade; liberalizzazione del prezzo dell'oro, unfreezing (o decontrol) of the price of gold; la liberalizzazione delle tariffe aeree, the deregulation of air fares.* * *[liberaliddzat'tsjone]* * *liberalizzazione/liberaliddzat'tsjone/sostantivo f.liberalization; (degli affitti) decontrol; (dei trasporti) deregulation. -
10 minar
v.1 to mine (military).La armada minó el campo The army mined the field.2 to undermine.Sus críticas minaron su confianza His criticism undermined her confidence.* * *1 (terreno) to mine2 figurado (salud, resistencia) to undermine, weaken* * *verb1) to mine2) undermine* * *VT1) (Min, Mil, Náut) to mine2) (=debilitar) to undermine* * *verbo transitivoa) <campo/mar> to mine* * *= erode, undermine, sap, gnaw (at), undercut, whittle (away/down/at), hollow out.Ex. These arrangements should also erode price differentials between Europe and the US, and permit each country to support its own online services.Ex. Furthermore, the value of citation bibliometry is currently being undermined by the formation of 'citation clubs', which aim to indiscriminately achieve maximum cross-citing between 'club members'.Ex. First the desire to read is sapped, then the will, and finally stamina to tackle anything but short, and immediately useful, passages.Ex. The rugby league is increasingly beset by a financial reward system that gnaws at its prime resource -- the players.Ex. The effects of liberalization threaten to undercut the delivery of a long cherished social objective.Ex. However, such idealism is often whittled away over time by bureaucratic problems & organizational demands.Ex. The Irish President said last night that Irish society is being hollowed out by individualism.----* minar la confianza en Uno mismo = undermine + self-confidence.* minar los valores tradicionales = undermine + traditional values.* minar + Posesivo + confianza = undermine + Posesivo + confidence, erode + Posesivo + confidence, sap + Posesivo + confidence.* * *verbo transitivoa) <campo/mar> to mine* * *= erode, undermine, sap, gnaw (at), undercut, whittle (away/down/at), hollow out.Ex: These arrangements should also erode price differentials between Europe and the US, and permit each country to support its own online services.
Ex: Furthermore, the value of citation bibliometry is currently being undermined by the formation of 'citation clubs', which aim to indiscriminately achieve maximum cross-citing between 'club members'.Ex: First the desire to read is sapped, then the will, and finally stamina to tackle anything but short, and immediately useful, passages.Ex: The rugby league is increasingly beset by a financial reward system that gnaws at its prime resource -- the players.Ex: The effects of liberalization threaten to undercut the delivery of a long cherished social objective.Ex: However, such idealism is often whittled away over time by bureaucratic problems & organizational demands.Ex: The Irish President said last night that Irish society is being hollowed out by individualism.* minar la confianza en Uno mismo = undermine + self-confidence.* minar los valores tradicionales = undermine + traditional values.* minar + Posesivo + confianza = undermine + Posesivo + confidence, erode + Posesivo + confidence, sap + Posesivo + confidence.* * *minar [A1 ]vt2 (debilitar) ‹salud› to damage; ‹autoridad/moral› to undermineel país había sido minado por una guerra civil the country had been weakened by a civil war* * *
minar ( conjugate minar) verbo transitivo
‹autoridad/moral› to undermine
minar verbo transitivo
1 (con explosivos) to mine
2 fig (debilitar, destruir) to undermine: me mina la moral, it undermines my morale
' minar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
socavar
English:
chip away
- mine
- sap
- undermine
- erode
- under
* * *minar vt1. Mil to mine2. [socavar] to undermine;están minando los intentos de alcanzar un acuerdo they are undermining the efforts to reach an agreement;el tabaco está minando su salud cigarettes are damaging her health* * *v/t1 ( excavar) mine2 fig ( dañar) undermine* * *minar vt1) : to mine2) debilitar: to undermine -
11 Freigabe
Freigabe f 1. COMP release; 2. FIN unblocking, unfreezing; 3. GEN release; 4. LOGIS release note, RN; 5. FREI, MEDIA, RECHT release, pass* * *f 1. < Comp> release; 2. < Finanz> unblocking, unfreezing; 3. < Geschäft> release; 4. < Transp> release note (RN) ; 5. <Frei, Medien, Recht> release, pass* * *Freigabe
(Konto) unblocking, (Planwirtschaft) decontrol, (Veröffentlichung) release, (Zoll) clearance;
• münzbetätigte Freigabe coin-actuated release;
• technische Freigabe engineering release;
• Freigabe von Depotstücken release of custody items;
• Freigabe eines Films release of a film;
• Freigabe eines gepfändeten Gegenstands replevin;
• Freigabe von Geheimmaterial declassification;
• Freigabe von gehortetem Gold release of hoarded gold;
• Freigabe eines Kontos release of a blocked account;
• Freigabe von Mitteln release of funds;
• Freigabe der Preise price decontrol;
• Freigabe von Preisen unfreezing of prices (US);
• Freigabe für die Presse press release;
• Freigabe von Sicherheiten release of security;
• Freigabe einer Straße für den Verkehr opening of a road to traffic;
• Freigabe durch den Treuhänder trust release;
• Freigabe der Wechselkurse floating of the exchange rate;
• Freigabe des Wettbewerbs liberalization of free competition;
• Freigabe der Zinssätze interest-rate deregulation;
• Freigabe anordnen (Pfand) to discharge (release, vacate) an attachment, to vacate a judgment;
• Freigabe erhalten to be given go-ahead;
• Freigabeantrag (Pfandgegenstand) replevin;
• Freigabedatum release date;
• Freigabegarantie indemnification guarantee;
• Freigabenummer release number;
• Freigabetempo für Neuprodukte new-product release rate;
• Freigabeverfügung replevy, replevin. -
12 marche
marche [maʀ∫]1. feminine nounb. ( = trajet) walkc. ( = mouvement) marchd. ( = fonctionnement) running• marche/arrêt on/offe. [d'événements, opérations] course ; [d'histoire, temps, progrès] marchf. ( = musique) marchg. (d'escalier) step• sur les marches (de l'escalier) on the stairs ; (de l'escalier extérieur, de l'escabeau) on the stepsh. ► en marche• être en marche [personnes, armées] to be on the move ; [moteur] to be running ; [machine] to be on• remettre en marche [+ usine, machine] to restart2. compounds• l'entreprise se modernise à marche forcée the company is undergoing a rapid modernization programme ► marche nordique Nordic walking* * *maʀʃ1) (activité, sport) walking; ( trajet) walk2) Armée, Politique march3) ( fonctionnement de véhicule) progress4) ( fonctionnement de mécanisme) operationmettre en marche — to start [machine, moteur]; to start up [chaudière, réacteur]; to switch on [téléviseur, ordinateur]
se mettre en marche — [appareil, véhicule] to start up
être en marche — [machine, moteur] to be running; [téléviseur, radio] to be on
5) ( fonctionnement d'organisme) running6) ( déroulement) coursela marche du temps/du progrès — the march of time/of progress
marche à suivre — procedure ( pour faire for doing)
7) Construction, Bâtiment (d'escalier, de train, bus) step8) Musique march•Phrasal Verbs:••prendre le train en marche — ( par hasard) to join halfway through; ( par intérêt) to climb onto the bandwagon
* * *maʀʃ nf1) [escalier] step2) (= activité, sport) walkingLa marche me fait du bien. — Walking does me good.
3) (trajet à pied) walkLa chapelle est à une heure de marche. — The chapel is an hour's walk from here.
Ils se sont mis en marche à l'aube. — They set out at dawn.
4) MILITAIRE marchen avant, marche! — forward, march!
5) MUSIQUE march6) (mouvement)dans le sens de la marche CHEMINS DE FER — facing the direction of travel
Ne montez jamais dans un train en marche. — Never try to get into a moving train.
7) (fonctionnement) [machine, appareil] runningCette voiture est en parfait état de marche. — This car is in perfect running order.
remettre qch en marche — to set sth going again, to start sth going again
8) (= progression) [événements, histoire] course* * *A nf1 ⇒ Les jeux et les sports ( déplacement de personne) ( activité) walking; ( trajet) walk; Sport walking; faire de la marche to go walking; la marche à pied walking; faire un peu de marche to do some walking; faire une petite marche to take a short walk; à 10 minutes de marche 10 minutes' walk away; ralentir/accélérer la marche to walk slower/faster; ta marche est trop rapide pour les enfants you're walking too quickly for the children; 10 km marche Sport 10 km walk;2 Mil, Pol ( déplacement de groupe) march; marche pour la paix/de protestation peace/protest march; soldats en marche soldiers on the march; ils ont organisé une marche devant l'ambassade they organized a march past the embassy; faire marche sur [soldats, manifestants, rebelles] to march on; se mettre en ordre de marche Mil to get in marching formation; en avant, marche! Mil forward march!; fermer la marche to bring up the rear; ouvrir la marche to be at the head of the march;3 ( fonctionnement de véhicule) progress; la marche du train a été gênée the progress of the train was hampered; en marche moving ( épith); prendre un bus en marche to climb aboard a moving bus; dans le sens contraire de la marche facing backward(s); dans le sens de la marche facing forward(s);4 ( fonctionnement de mécanisme) operation; bonne marche smooth operation; en état de marche in working order; s'assurer de la bonne marche d'une machine to ensure that a machine is in good working order; mettre en marche to start [machine, moteur]; to start up [chaudière, réacteur]; to switch on [téléviseur, vidéo, ordinateur]; fig to set [sth] in motion [réforme, projet, processus]; la mise en marche du lave-vaisselle est très simple starting the dishwasher is very simple; la mise en marche du réacteur a pris plus d'un an starting up the reactor took over a year; la remise en marche de la chaudière starting the boiler up again; se mettre en marche [appareil, véhicule] to start up; [réveil, sonnerie] to go off; [projet, réforme, plan] to get going; être en marche [machine, moteur] to be running; [téléviseur, radio] to be on;5 ( fonctionnement d'organisme) running; bonne marche de l'entreprise/expédition smooth running of the company/expedition;6 ( déroulement) ( d'événements) course; (de récit, d'intrigue) unfolding; la marche du temps/du progrès/de l'histoire the march of time/of progress/of history; marche à suivre procedure (pour faire for doing); la meilleure marche à suivre pour qch the best way of going about sth;7 Constr (d'escalier, escabeau, de train, bus) step; attention à la marche! mind the step! GB, watch the step!; cirer les marches (de l'escalier) to wax the stairs;8 Mus march; marche funèbre/nuptiale funeral/wedding march.marche d'angle Constr pie stair; marche arrière Aut reverse; passer la marche arrière to go into reverse; sortir en marche arrière to reverse out; faire marche arrière fig to backpedal; marche avant forward; marche forcée Électrotech override; Mil forced march; mettre en marche forcée to override; modernisation/libéralisation à marche forcée fig accelerated modernization/liberalization; marche palière Constr landing step.prendre le train en marche ( par hasard) to join halfway through; ( par intérêt) to climb onto the bandwagon.[marʃ] nom féminin1. [activité, sport] walkingelle fait de la marche [comme sport] she goes walking2. [promenade] walk3. [défilé] marchmarche silencieuse/de protestation silent/protest marchen avant, marche! forward, march!entrer/sortir en marche arrière to reverse in/out, to back in/outa. [conducteur] to reverse, to back upb. (figuré) to backpedal, to backtrackmarche, arrêt on, offa. [instructions] directions (for use)b. [pour des formalités] procedure, form8. [progression]la première/dernière marche the bottom/top stepdescendre/monter les marches to go down/up the stairs————————en marche locution adverbialemonter/descendre d'un train en marche to get on/off a moving traina. [moteur, véhicule] to start (up)b. [appareil] to switch ou to turn on (separable)le four se mettra automatiquement en marche dans une heure the oven will turn ou switch itself on automatically in an hour -
13 импортный
1. imported2. importимпортные товары, не оплаченные пошлиной — imports in bond
основные импортируемые, импортные товары — key imports
3. importsСинонимический ряд:ввозный (прил.) ввозный; привознойАнтонимический ряд:
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