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1 baron
baron [baʀɔ̃]masculine noun* * *baʀɔ̃nom masculin1) ( personne) baron2) Culinaire* * *baʀɔ̃ nm* * *baron nm1 ⇒ Les titres de politesse Hist baron;2 ( personne importante) baron; les barons de la drogue the drug barons; les barons de la politique political heavyweights;3 Culin baron d'agneau saddle and hind legs of lamb;4 ○ Jeux ( dans un casino) stooge., baronne [barɔ̃, ɔn] nom masculin, nom féminin2. [magnat] -
2 Lister, Samuel Cunliffe, 1st Baron Masham
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 1 January 1815 Calverly Hall, Bradford, Englandd. 2 February 1906 Swinton Park, near Bradford, England[br]English inventor of successful wool-combing and waste-silk spinning machines.[br]Lister was descended from one of the old Yorkshire families, the Cunliffe Listers of Manningham, and was the fourth son of his father Ellis. After attending a school on Clapham Common, Lister would not go to university; his family hoped he would enter the Church, but instead he started work with the Liverpool merchants Sands, Turner \& Co., who frequently sent him to America. In 1837 his father built for him and his brother a worsted mill at Manningham, where Samuel invented a swivel shuttle and a machine for making fringes on shawls. It was here that he first became aware of the unhealthy occupation of combing wool by hand. Four years later, after seeing the machine that G.E. Donisthorpe was trying to work out, he turned his attention to mechanizing wool-combing. Lister took Donisthorpe into partnership after paying him £12,000 for his patent, and developed the Lister-Cartwright "square nip" comber. Until this time, combing machines were little different from Cartwright's original, but Lister was able to improve on this with continuous operation and by 1843 was combing the first fine botany wool that had ever been combed by machinery. In the following year he received an order for fifty machines to comb all qualities of wool. Further combing patents were taken out with Donisthorpe in 1849, 1850, 1851 and 1852, the last two being in Lister's name only. One of the important features of these patents was the provision of a gripping device or "nip" which held the wool fibres at one end while the rest of the tuft was being combed. Lister was soon running nine combing mills. In the 1850s Lister had become involved in disputes with others who held combing patents, such as his associate Isaac Holden and the Frenchman Josué Heilmann. Lister bought up the Heilmann machine patents and afterwards other types until he obtained a complete monopoly of combing machines before the patents expired. His invention stimulated demand for wool by cheapening the product and gave a vital boost to the Australian wool trade. By 1856 he was at the head of a wool-combing business such as had never been seen before, with mills at Manningham, Bradford, Halifax, Keighley and other places in the West Riding, as well as abroad.His inventive genius also extended to other fields. In 1848 he patented automatic compressed air brakes for railways, and in 1853 alone he took out twelve patents for various textile machines. He then tried to spin waste silk and made a second commercial career, turning what was called "chassum" and hitherto regarded as refuse into beautiful velvets, silks, plush and other fine materials. Waste silk consisted of cocoon remnants from the reeling process, damaged cocoons and fibres rejected from other processes. There was also wild silk obtained from uncultivated worms. This is what Lister saw in a London warehouse as a mass of knotty, dirty, impure stuff, full of bits of stick and dead mulberry leaves, which he bought for a halfpenny a pound. He spent ten years trying to solve the problems, but after a loss of £250,000 and desertion by his partner his machine caught on in 1865 and brought Lister another fortune. Having failed to comb this waste silk, Lister turned his attention to the idea of "dressing" it and separating the qualities automatically. He patented a machine in 1877 that gave a graduated combing. To weave his new silk, he imported from Spain to Bradford, together with its inventor Jose Reixach, a velvet loom that was still giving trouble. It wove two fabrics face to face, but the problem lay in separating the layers so that the pile remained regular in length. Eventually Lister was inspired by watching a scissors grinder in the street to use small emery wheels to sharpen the cutters that divided the layers of fabric. Lister took out several patents for this loom in his own name in 1868 and 1869, while in 1871 he took out one jointly with Reixach. It is said that he spent £29,000 over an eleven-year period on this loom, but this was more than recouped from the sale of reasonably priced high-quality velvets and plushes once success was achieved. Manningham mills were greatly enlarged to accommodate this new manufacture.In later years Lister had an annual profit from his mills of £250,000, much of which was presented to Bradford city in gifts such as Lister Park, the original home of the Listers. He was connected with the Bradford Chamber of Commerce for many years and held the position of President of the Fair Trade League for some time. In 1887 he became High Sheriff of Yorkshire, and in 1891 he was made 1st Baron Masham. He was also Deputy Lieutenant in North and West Riding.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCreated 1st Baron Masham 1891.Bibliography1849, with G.E.Donisthorpe, British patent no. 12,712. 1850, with G.E. Donisthorpe, British patent no. 13,009. 1851, British patent no. 13,532.1852, British patent no. 14,135.1877, British patent no. 3,600 (combing machine). 1868, British patent no. 470.1868, British patent no. 2,386.1868, British patent no. 2,429.1868, British patent no. 3,669.1868, British patent no. 1,549.1871, with J.Reixach, British patent no. 1,117. 1905, Lord Masham's Inventions (autobiography).Further ReadingJ.Hogg (ed.), c. 1888, Fortunes Made in Business, London (biography).W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London; and C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press (both cover the technical details of Lister's invention).RLHBiographical history of technology > Lister, Samuel Cunliffe, 1st Baron Masham
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3 Jenney, William Le Baron
[br]b. 25 September 1832 Fairhaven, Massachusetts, USAd. 15 June 1907 Los Angeles, California, USA[br]American architect and engineer who pioneered a method of steel-framed construction that made the skyscraper possible.[br]Jenney's Home Insurance Building in Chicago was completed in 1885 but demolished in 1931. It was the first building to rise above ten to twelve storeys and was possible because it did not require immensely thick walls on the lower storeys to carry the weight above. Using square-sectioned cast-iron wall piers, hollow cylindrical cast-iron columns on the interior and, across these, steel and cast-iron beams and girders, Jenney produced a load-bearing metal framework independent of the curtain walling. Beams and girders were united by ties as well as being bolted to the vertical members, so providing a strong framework to take the building load. Jenney went on to build in Chicago the Second Leiter Building (1889–91) and, in 1891, the Manhattan Building. He played a considerable part in the planning of the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. Jenney is accepted as having been the founder of the Chicago school of architecture, and he trained many of the later noted architects and builders of the city, such as William Holabird, Martin Roche and Louis Sullivan.[br]Further ReadingA.Woltersdorf, 1924, "The father of the skeleton frame building", Western Architecture 33.F.A.Randall, 1949, History of the Development of Building Construction in Chicago, Urbana: University of Illinois Press.C.Condit, 1964, The Chicago School of Architecture: A History of Commercial and Public Building in the Chicago Area 1875–1925, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.DYBiographical history of technology > Jenney, William Le Baron
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4 magnat de la presse
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5 magnate de la prensa
• press baron -
6 газетные короли
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7 magnate
f. & m.magnate, tycoon, millionaire, baron.m.magnate.magnate del petróleo/de la prensa oil/press baron* * *1 tycoon, magnate* * *noun mf.tycoon, magnate* * *SMF tycoon, magnate* * *masculino y femenino magnate, tycoon* * *= magnate, tycoon, mogul.Ex. American cornflakes magnate John Harvey Kellogg declared war on masturbation at the end of 19th century.Ex. Information technology tycoons have made a surprising rebound from the technology bubble burst to top this year's China rich people list.Ex. Many celebrities including singers, actors, and other important moguls were there to show support and try to induce donations from many organizations.----* magnate de los negocios = business leader, business magnate.* * *masculino y femenino magnate, tycoon* * *= magnate, tycoon, mogul.Ex: American cornflakes magnate John Harvey Kellogg declared war on masturbation at the end of 19th century.
Ex: Information technology tycoons have made a surprising rebound from the technology bubble burst to top this year's China rich people list.Ex: Many celebrities including singers, actors, and other important moguls were there to show support and try to induce donations from many organizations.* magnate de los negocios = business leader, business magnate.* * *magnate, tycoonun magnate naviero a shipping magnate o tycoonlos magnates de la prensa the press barons* * *
magnate sustantivo masculino y femenino
magnate, tycoon;
magnate mf magnate, tycoon: es un magnate del petróleo, he's an oil magnate
' magnate' also found in these entries:
English:
baron
- mogul
- tycoon
* * *magnate nmmagnate, tycoonmagnate del petróleo oil baron;magnate de la prensa press baron o magnate* * *m magnate, tycoon* * *magnate nmf: magnate, tycoon -
8 magnate
magnate s.m.1 (st.) (grande proprietario terriero) magnate: i magnati di Ungheria, di Polonia, the magnates of Hungary, of Poland2 (pezzo grosso) magnate, king, (fam.) tycoon; (amer.) baron: un magnate del petrolio, an oil baron (o magnate); un magnate dell'industria editoriale, a newspaper tycoon (o a press baron); magnate della finanza, financial magnate; un magnate degli affari, a business tycoon.* * *[maɲ'ɲate]sostantivo maschile magnate (anche stor.), tycoonmagnate del petrolio — oil magnate o tycoon
magnate della stampa — press baron o lord
* * *magnate/maŋ'ŋate/sostantivo m.magnate (anche stor.), tycoon; magnate del petrolio oil magnate o tycoon; magnate della stampa press baron o lord. -
9 Pressezar
m press baron, newspaper tycoon* * *Prẹs|se|zar(in)m(f) (inf)press baron* * *Pressezar m press baron, newspaper tycoon -
10 Hersant, Robert
(1920-1996)Hersant was the greatest press baron, or newspaper magnate, in France in the second half of the twentieth century. During the Second World War, Hersant collaborated openly with the Nazis and with the Vichy Régime, a collaboration for which he was condemned post war to ten years' national indignity. However, following the 1952 amnesty, he launched into a career both as a press baron and as a politician. At the peak of its expansion, Hersant's press empire controlled 38% of France's national press, and 26% of the regional press; among the flagship titles owned by Hersant were the daily Le Figaro, and the daily evening newspaper France Soir, two of France's best-selling newspapers. Although he was first elected to the French parliament as a socialist, Hersant went on to sit as a centrist conservative in Valéry Giscard d'Estaing's centre rightUDF party.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Hersant, Robert
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11 magnat
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12 газетный магнат
1) General subject: press baron2) Cinema: newspaper baron, press lord -
13 Zeitungsmagnat
* * * -
14 Zeitungszar
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15 magnatka
m magna|t, magnatka f 1. Hist. magnate, nobleman 2. (potentat) magnate, baron, tycoon US- magnat przemysłowy/naftowy an industrial/oil magnate a. tycoon- magnat prasowy a press baron* * *f.Gen.pl. -ek (= arystokratka) great lady.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > magnatka
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16 magna|t
m magna|t, magnatka f 1. Hist. magnate, nobleman 2. (potentat) magnate, baron, tycoon US- magnat przemysłowy/naftowy an industrial/oil magnate a. tycoon- magnat prasowy a press baronThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > magna|t
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17 mediabaron
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18 magnat
* * *mp1. (= arystokrata) magnate, lord.2. (= bogacz) mogul, magnate; magnat prasowy press baron, press tycoon.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > magnat
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19 газетний
газетний кіоск — newsstand; news stall
газетний матеріал — news story, boilerplate
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20 basın kralı
n. press baron, press lord
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См. также в других словарях:
press baron — ➔ baron * * * press baron UK US noun [C] ► COMMUNICATIONS a person who owns several newspapers, etc. and is very powerful: »The term press baron has now been largely replaced by media baron reflecting the greater range of their sphere of… … Financial and business terms
press baron — press .baron n BrE someone who owns and controls one or more important national newspapers … Dictionary of contemporary English
press baron — press ,baron noun count BRITISH INFORMAL someone who owns a major newspaper company, especially someone who is regarded as having too much influence … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
press baron — an influential newspaper publisher or owner who usually controls more than one widely circulated newspaper. Also called press lord. [1955 60] * * * press baron UK US noun [countable] [singular press baron plural press barons] british … Useful english dictionary
press baron — UK / US noun [countable] Word forms press baron : singular press baron plural press barons British informal someone who owns a major newspaper company, especially someone who is considered to have too much influence … English dictionary
press baron — an influential newspaper publisher or owner who usually controls more than one widely circulated newspaper. Also called press lord. [1955 60] * * * … Universalium
press baron — noun (C) informal, especially BrE someone who owns and controls one or more important national newspapers … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
press baron — /ˈprɛs bærən/ (say pres baruhn) noun a person who owns a number of newspaper organisations …
baron — bar‧on [ˈbærən] noun [countable] JOURNALISM 1. FINANCE a business person who is in charge of a large industrial or financial organization: • an oil baron ˈpress ˌbaron also … Financial and business terms
baron — ► NOUN 1) a member of the lowest order of the British nobility. 2) historical a person who held lands or property from the sovereign or an overlord. 3) a powerful person in business or industry: a press baron. DERIVATIVES baronial adjective.… … English terms dictionary
press lord — press baron, powerful newspaper publisher … English contemporary dictionary