prōpositiō

excursĭo, ōnis, f. [excurro], a running out or forth.

Lit.

In gen.:

status (oratoris) erectus et celsus: excursio moderata eaque rara,

a stepping forwards, Cic. Or. 18, 59; so,

nec vultu nec manu nec excursionibus nimius,

Quint. 1, 11, 3:

an intentione rei familiaris obeundae crebris excursionibus avocaris?

excursions, Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 2:

longinquae aut breves,

Dig. 33, 1, 13 fin. —

In partic., milit. t. t., a sally, onset, attack; an excursion, inroad, invasion:

crebras ex oppido excursiones faciebant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 30, 1:

copiae, quibus fines suos ab excursionibus hostium et latrociniis tueretur,

Cic. Deiot. 8, 22:

equitatus,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 16:

via excursionibus barbarorum infesta,

id. Prov. Cons. 2, 4; cf.:

oram maris infestam regiae naves excursionibus crebris faciebant,

Liv. 37, 14, 3; 30, 11, 6; 30, 8, 4; 37, 38, 9 al.—

Trop.

In gen.: relinquendae erunt vacuae tabellae, in quibus libera adiciendo sit excursio. free room or play for insertions, Quint. 10, 3, 32:

ne qua ex ea narratione fiat excursio,

digression, id. 4, 2, 103.—

In partic. (acc. to I. B.), outset, commencement of a speech:

sed haec fuerit nobis, tamquam levis armaturae, prima orationis excursio,

Cic. Div. 2, 10, 26:

prooemium, proxima huic narratio: propositio post hanc, vel ut quibusdam placuit, excursio,

Quint. 2, 13, 1.

explānātĭo, ōnis, f. [explano].

An explanation, interpretation (class.):

somniis, vaticinationibus, oraculis quod erant multa obscura, explanationes adhibitae sunt interpretum,

Cic. Div. 1, 51, 116; cf.

aequitatis,

id. Rep. 5, 2:

unius cujusque propositionis,

Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

illustris sententiae suae (with propositio),

Quint. 9, 2, 2:

res arduae explanationis,

Plin. 10, 68, 87, § 190.—

In partic., as a fig. of speech, Auct. Her. 4, 12, 17; Cic. de Or. 3, 53, 202; Quint. 9, 1, 27.—

A distinct articulation, pronunciation:

dentes, cum defuere, explanationem omnem adimentes,

Plin. 7, 16, 18, § 70:

emendata cum suavitate vocum explanatio,

Quint. 1, 5, 33:

verborum (shortly before: dilucida pronunciatio),

id. 11, 3, 33.

illustris ( inl-), e ( nom. sing. masc. illuster. Val. Max. 4, 1, 5; 4, 3, 11), adj. [inlustro], lighted up, clear, bright, light, lustrous (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. signif.).

Lit.: ostendebat Carthaginem de excelso et pleno stellarum, illustri et claro quodam loco, Cic. Rep. 6, 11; cf.:

tum nec nimis illustres nec vehementer obscuros locos haberi oportet,

Auct. Her. 3, 19, 32:

locus,

Cels. 3, 6:

habitare bonis et illustribus domiciliis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

balnearia,

Col. 1, 6, 2:

illustris et pellucida stella,

Cic. Div. 1, 57, 130:

radii solis,

Plin. 18, 35, 78, § 344:

noctes,

id. 9, 16, 23, § 56:

caelum,

Val. Fl. 6, 528.— Comp.:

ostio et lumine illustriore,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; cf.:

solis candor illustrior est quam ullius ignis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 15, 40:

(ventus) tegulas illustriores fecit,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 1, 6.—

Trop.

Clear, plain, distinct, evident, manifest (syn. clarus):

praeter haec, quae testata sunt et illustria, habeo multa occultiora,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 6:

his rationibus tam certis tamque illustribus, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 3; cf.:

illustribus igitur rebus insistis... a certis et illustrioribus cohibes assensum,

id. Ac. 2, 29, 94:

nec vero ita disseram de re tam illustri tamque nota, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 24 Mos.:

factum illustre notumque omnibus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

visus insignis et illustris,

id. N. D. 1, 2, 15 fin.:

illustris oratio est, si, etc.... est enim haec pars orationis, quae rem constituat paene ante oculos... est plus aliquanto illustre quam illud dilucidum: altero fit, ut intelligamus, altero vero ut videre videamur,

id. Part. Or. 6, 20:

si desit illustris explanatio, propositio, etc.,

Quint. 9, 2, 2:

instruenda est vita exemplis illustribus,

Sen. Ep. 83.—

Distinguished, respectable, famous, honorable, illustrious (cf.:

clarus, insignis, spectabilis, nobilissimus, celeber, inclutus): homines illustres honore ac nomine,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 5, 18:

illustrium hominum aetates et tempora persequi (shortly after: de clarorum virorum laudibus),

Cic. Brut. 19, 74:

illustribus in personis temporibusque,

id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.:

orator,

id. Brut. 32, 122:

poëtae,

Quint. 5, 11, 36:

florens et illustris adulescens,

Caes. B. G. 7, 32, 4:

de antiquis illustrissimus quisque pastor erat,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6:

philosophorum illustrissimi,

Gell. 18, 7, 3:

feminae,

noble, Suet. Tib. 45; id. Calig. 36:

cum illustribus provinciarum,

id. Caes. 48:

quorundam illustrium exsequiae,

id. Tib. 32:

paterfamiliae illustriore loco natus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 19, 3:

Themistoclis nomen est quam Solonis illustrius,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 75:

vitae ratio illustrior,

id. Rep. 3, 3; cf.:

sunt illustriora quae publice fiunt,

id. ib. 3, 12:

haec vides quanto expressiora quantoque illustriora futura sint,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 9:

major atque illustrior res,

more important, more remarkable, Caes. B. G. 7, 3, 2:

causarum illustrium quascumque defendi nunc conficio orationes,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 38.—Hence, adv. (acc. to II. A.), clearly, distinctly, perspicuously (very rare; only comp. and sup.):

illustrius,

Cic. Fam. 10, 19, 1; id. Dom. 11, 27; Arn. 2, 44:

illustrissime descripsit,

Gell. 9, 13, 4.

illustris ( inl-), e ( nom. sing. masc. illuster. Val. Max. 4, 1, 5; 4, 3, 11), adj. [inlustro], lighted up, clear, bright, light, lustrous (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. signif.).

Lit.: ostendebat Carthaginem de excelso et pleno stellarum, illustri et claro quodam loco, Cic. Rep. 6, 11; cf.:

tum nec nimis illustres nec vehementer obscuros locos haberi oportet,

Auct. Her. 3, 19, 32:

locus,

Cels. 3, 6:

habitare bonis et illustribus domiciliis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

balnearia,

Col. 1, 6, 2:

illustris et pellucida stella,

Cic. Div. 1, 57, 130:

radii solis,

Plin. 18, 35, 78, § 344:

noctes,

id. 9, 16, 23, § 56:

caelum,

Val. Fl. 6, 528.— Comp.:

ostio et lumine illustriore,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; cf.:

solis candor illustrior est quam ullius ignis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 15, 40:

(ventus) tegulas illustriores fecit,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 1, 6.—

Trop.

Clear, plain, distinct, evident, manifest (syn. clarus):

praeter haec, quae testata sunt et illustria, habeo multa occultiora,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 6:

his rationibus tam certis tamque illustribus, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 3; cf.:

illustribus igitur rebus insistis... a certis et illustrioribus cohibes assensum,

id. Ac. 2, 29, 94:

nec vero ita disseram de re tam illustri tamque nota, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 24 Mos.:

factum illustre notumque omnibus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

visus insignis et illustris,

id. N. D. 1, 2, 15 fin.:

illustris oratio est, si, etc.... est enim haec pars orationis, quae rem constituat paene ante oculos... est plus aliquanto illustre quam illud dilucidum: altero fit, ut intelligamus, altero vero ut videre videamur,

id. Part. Or. 6, 20:

si desit illustris explanatio, propositio, etc.,

Quint. 9, 2, 2:

instruenda est vita exemplis illustribus,

Sen. Ep. 83.—

Distinguished, respectable, famous, honorable, illustrious (cf.:

clarus, insignis, spectabilis, nobilissimus, celeber, inclutus): homines illustres honore ac nomine,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 5, 18:

illustrium hominum aetates et tempora persequi (shortly after: de clarorum virorum laudibus),

Cic. Brut. 19, 74:

illustribus in personis temporibusque,

id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.:

orator,

id. Brut. 32, 122:

poëtae,

Quint. 5, 11, 36:

florens et illustris adulescens,

Caes. B. G. 7, 32, 4:

de antiquis illustrissimus quisque pastor erat,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6:

philosophorum illustrissimi,

Gell. 18, 7, 3:

feminae,

noble, Suet. Tib. 45; id. Calig. 36:

cum illustribus provinciarum,

id. Caes. 48:

quorundam illustrium exsequiae,

id. Tib. 32:

paterfamiliae illustriore loco natus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 19, 3:

Themistoclis nomen est quam Solonis illustrius,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 75:

vitae ratio illustrior,

id. Rep. 3, 3; cf.:

sunt illustriora quae publice fiunt,

id. ib. 3, 12:

haec vides quanto expressiora quantoque illustriora futura sint,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 9:

major atque illustrior res,

more important, more remarkable, Caes. B. G. 7, 3, 2:

causarum illustrium quascumque defendi nunc conficio orationes,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 38.—Hence, adv. (acc. to II. A.), clearly, distinctly, perspicuously (very rare; only comp. and sup.):

illustrius,

Cic. Fam. 10, 19, 1; id. Dom. 11, 27; Arn. 2, 44:

illustrissime descripsit,

Gell. 9, 13, 4.

lūcĭdus, a, um, adj. [lux], containing light, full of light, clear, bright, shining (syn.: luminosus, luculentus; as an adj. not in Cic.).

Lit.:

aër,

Lucr. 4, 315:

sidera,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 2:

gemma,

Ov. H. 15, 74:

amnis,

Quint. 12, 10, 60:

concha,

Tib. 2, 4, 30:

lucidior domus,

Ov. F. 1, 94:

lucidissima stella,

Vitr. 9, 6:

saxa,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 200 (Queck, dulcia):

quid lucidius sole?

Vulg. Sir. 17, 30.—

Transf., brilliant, bright, beautiful, transparent, shining, white, etc.:

Alcyone,

Ov. H. 19, 133:

ovis,

Tib. 2, 1, 62:

sedes deorum,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 33:

vestis,

Plin. 35, 9, 35, § 59 (better tralucido).—

Trop.

Full of light, i. e. of truth and purity:

totum corpus tuum lucidum erit,

Vulg. Luc. 11, 34.—

Clear, perspicuous, luminous, lucid (of speech, or of orators; a favorite expression with Quintilian);

neque refert, an pro lucida (narratione) perspicuam dicamus,

Quint. 4, 2, 31:

propositio aperta et lucida,

id. 4, 5, 26:

manifesta et lucida ratio,

id. 4, 5, 3:

ordo,

Hor. A. P. 41.— Comp.:

res lucidior,

Quint. 7, 3, 21:

causa,

id. 4, 4, 4; 4, 2, 83; 4, 5, 1;

2, 3, 8: lucidior via,

id. 3, 11, 23.— Transf., of orators, Quint. 12, 10, 21:

lucidior auctor,

id. 10, 1, 74.—Hence, adv.: lūcĭdē.

Clearly, plainly, distinctly (mostly of speech): lucide verbum definire, *Cic. de Or. 2, 25, 108:

lucide dicentium,

Quint. 8, 3, 1.— Comp.:

quo lucidius intellegi possit haec exceptio,

Dig. 44, 4, 1.— Sup.:

sic ostendit lucidissime causam,

Quint. 4, 5, 12.—

Gloriously (see lucidus, B.):

lucidius tranquilliusque inter divina mansurus,

Sen. Ep. 71, 16.

schŏlastĭcus, a, um.

Adj. = scholastikos, of or belonging to a school, scholastic (post-Aug., and in gen. referring to the schools of rhetoric):

controversiae,

Quint. 4, 2, 92; 4, 2, 97; Tac. Or. 14 fin.:

materia,

Quint. 11, 1, 82:

declamationes,

Gell. 15, 1, 1:

scholasticae atque umbraticae litterae,

Plin. Ep. 9, 2, 3:

lex,

id. ib. 2, 20, 9.— As subst.: schŏlastĭca, ōrum, n. plur., school-exercises:

in scholasticis nonnumquam evenit, ut pro narratione sit propositio,

Quint. 4, 2, 30; 7, 1, 14.—

Subst.: schŏlastĭcus, i, m., one who teaches or studies rhetoric, a lecturer in the schools, a rhetorician (opp. to a public orator):

(Isaeus rhetor) annum sexagesimum excessit et adhuc scholasticus tantum est, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 5 sq.; cf.: nunc adulescentuli nostri deducuntur in scenas scholasticorum qui [p. 1642] rhetores vocantur, quos, etc., Tac. Or. 35; 26 fin.; Suet. Rhet. 6; Quint. 12, 11, 16; Petr. 6:

contentis scholasticorum clamoribus,

i. e. with the applause of the scholars, Tac. Or. 15.—Of rhetoricians, who, on account of their knowledge of law, acted as pleaders or advocates in lawsuits, Cod. Th. 8, 10, 2; Aug. Tract. in Joann. 7.—As a term of reproach, a pedant:

heus tu scholastice,

App. M. 2, p. 119, 8; Petr. 61, 4.—

In gen., a man of learning, a scholar, Alex. Aur. ap. Capit. Maxim. jun. 3; Veg. 4, prooem. § 2; Hier. Vir. Ill. 99 al.—Of a grammarian, Verg. Cat. 7, 4.—Hence, adv.: schŏlastĭcē, rhetorically, Sulp. Sev. Dial. 1, 4.

schŏlastĭcus, a, um.

Adj. = scholastikos, of or belonging to a school, scholastic (post-Aug., and in gen. referring to the schools of rhetoric):

controversiae,

Quint. 4, 2, 92; 4, 2, 97; Tac. Or. 14 fin.:

materia,

Quint. 11, 1, 82:

declamationes,

Gell. 15, 1, 1:

scholasticae atque umbraticae litterae,

Plin. Ep. 9, 2, 3:

lex,

id. ib. 2, 20, 9.— As subst.: schŏlastĭca, ōrum, n. plur., school-exercises:

in scholasticis nonnumquam evenit, ut pro narratione sit propositio,

Quint. 4, 2, 30; 7, 1, 14.—

Subst.: schŏlastĭcus, i, m., one who teaches or studies rhetoric, a lecturer in the schools, a rhetorician (opp. to a public orator):

(Isaeus rhetor) annum sexagesimum excessit et adhuc scholasticus tantum est, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 5 sq.; cf.: nunc adulescentuli nostri deducuntur in scenas scholasticorum qui [p. 1642] rhetores vocantur, quos, etc., Tac. Or. 35; 26 fin.; Suet. Rhet. 6; Quint. 12, 11, 16; Petr. 6:

contentis scholasticorum clamoribus,

i. e. with the applause of the scholars, Tac. Or. 15.—Of rhetoricians, who, on account of their knowledge of law, acted as pleaders or advocates in lawsuits, Cod. Th. 8, 10, 2; Aug. Tract. in Joann. 7.—As a term of reproach, a pedant:

heus tu scholastice,

App. M. 2, p. 119, 8; Petr. 61, 4.—

In gen., a man of learning, a scholar, Alex. Aur. ap. Capit. Maxim. jun. 3; Veg. 4, prooem. § 2; Hier. Vir. Ill. 99 al.—Of a grammarian, Verg. Cat. 7, 4.—Hence, adv.: schŏlastĭcē, rhetorically, Sulp. Sev. Dial. 1, 4.

schŏlastĭcus, a, um.

Adj. = scholastikos, of or belonging to a school, scholastic (post-Aug., and in gen. referring to the schools of rhetoric):

controversiae,

Quint. 4, 2, 92; 4, 2, 97; Tac. Or. 14 fin.:

materia,

Quint. 11, 1, 82:

declamationes,

Gell. 15, 1, 1:

scholasticae atque umbraticae litterae,

Plin. Ep. 9, 2, 3:

lex,

id. ib. 2, 20, 9.— As subst.: schŏlastĭca, ōrum, n. plur., school-exercises:

in scholasticis nonnumquam evenit, ut pro narratione sit propositio,

Quint. 4, 2, 30; 7, 1, 14.—

Subst.: schŏlastĭcus, i, m., one who teaches or studies rhetoric, a lecturer in the schools, a rhetorician (opp. to a public orator):

(Isaeus rhetor) annum sexagesimum excessit et adhuc scholasticus tantum est, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 2, 3, 5 sq.; cf.: nunc adulescentuli nostri deducuntur in scenas scholasticorum qui [p. 1642] rhetores vocantur, quos, etc., Tac. Or. 35; 26 fin.; Suet. Rhet. 6; Quint. 12, 11, 16; Petr. 6:

contentis scholasticorum clamoribus,

i. e. with the applause of the scholars, Tac. Or. 15.—Of rhetoricians, who, on account of their knowledge of law, acted as pleaders or advocates in lawsuits, Cod. Th. 8, 10, 2; Aug. Tract. in Joann. 7.—As a term of reproach, a pedant:

heus tu scholastice,

App. M. 2, p. 119, 8; Petr. 61, 4.—

In gen., a man of learning, a scholar, Alex. Aur. ap. Capit. Maxim. jun. 3; Veg. 4, prooem. § 2; Hier. Vir. Ill. 99 al.—Of a grammarian, Verg. Cat. 7, 4.—Hence, adv.: schŏlastĭcē, rhetorically, Sulp. Sev. Dial. 1, 4.

signĭfĭcātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.].

A pointing out, indicating, denoting, signifying; an expression, indication, mark, sign, token, = indicium, signum, episêmasia, etc. (freq. and class.).

Absol.:

gestus sententiam non demonstratione sed significatione declarans,

Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 220:

aliquem nutu significationeque appellare,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 20: ignibus significatione factā. Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

significatione per castella fumo factā,

id. B. C. 3, 65; id. B. G. 7, 81.—With subj. gen.:

ex significatione Gallorum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 12 fin.:

litterarum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7.—

With obj. gen. (so most freq.):

voluntatis,

Cic. Clu. 11, 31:

victoriae,

Caes. B. G. 5, 53:

adventus,

id. ib. 6, 29 fin.:

virtutis,

Cic. Lael. 14, 48; cf. id. Off. 1, 15, 46:

significatio calamitatum,

id. Div. 2, 25, 54:

artificii,

id. de Or. 2, 30, 153:

probitatis,

id. Lael. 9, 32; id. Fam. 5, 7, 2 et saep.— Plur.:

valetudinis significationes,

Cic. Div. 2, 69, 142:

rerum futurarum,

id. N. D. 2, 66, 166. —

With object-clause (very rare):

ex quibus magna significatio fit, non adesse constantiam,

Cic. Off. 1, 36, 131.— Plur.:

multas nec dubias significationes saepe jecit: ne reliquis quidem se parsurum senatoribus,

Suet. Ner. 37.—

In partic.

Pregn., like the Gr. episêmasia, a sign or token of assent, an expression of approbation, applause:

populi judiciis atque omni significatione florere,

Cic. Sest. 49, 105; cf. id. ib. 57, 122;

59, 127: ut ex ipsā significatione potuit cognosci,

Caes. B. C. 1, 86.— Plur., Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 14, § 42:

significationibus acclamationibus multitudinis,

Liv. 31, 15, 2 (corresp. to assentatio).—

Also, like episêmasia, a sign, token, foretoken, prognostic of the weather (Plinian):

est et aquarum significatio, etc.... caeli quidem murmur non dubiam habet significationem. Praesagiunt et animalia,

Plin. 18, 35, 85, § 359 sq. —

In rhet. lang., significance, emphasis:

significatio est, quae plus in suspicione relinquit, quam positum est in oratione,

Auct. Her. 4, 53, 67; Cic. de Or. 3, 53, 203; id. Or. 40, 139; Quint. 9, 2, 3 (as a transl. of the Gr. emphasis).—

In gram., meaning, sense, import, signification of a word or phrase:

verbi,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 40 Müll.:

scripti,

Cic. Part. Or. 31, 108; cf. id. ib. 38, 132:

est igitur tropus sermo a naturali et principali significatione translatus ad aliam,

Quint. 9, 1, 4:

ejusdem verbi contraria significatio,

id. 9, 3, 68:

voces eaedem diversā in significatione ponuntur,

id. 9, 3, 69:

verborum,

id. 10, 1, 10:

latens,

id. 10, 1, 90:

propriae,

Gell. 12, 13, 2.—So the titles of the lexical works of Aelius Gallus, Verrius Flaccus, Festus, etc.: De verborum Significatione or Significationibus.—

Meaning, intent:

duas significationes habet propositio vestra,

includes two assertions, Sen. Ep. 87, 28.

trĭfārĭam (collat. form trĭfārĭē, Diom. p. 279 P.), adv. [trifarius], triply, in three places (not ante-Aug.):

trifariam adortus castra,

Liv. 3, 22, 7:

muniebant Romani,

id. 5, 26, 7:

distraxere exercitum,

id. 26, 41, 20:

epulas dispertire,

Suet. Vit. 13.—

Triply, in a threefold manner, in three ways:

destruitur propositio trifariam,

App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 32, 24.

trĭfārĭam (collat. form trĭfārĭē, Diom. p. 279 P.), adv. [trifarius], triply, in three places (not ante-Aug.):

trifariam adortus castra,

Liv. 3, 22, 7:

muniebant Romani,

id. 5, 26, 7:

distraxere exercitum,

id. 26, 41, 20:

epulas dispertire,

Suet. Vit. 13.—

Triply, in a threefold manner, in three ways:

destruitur propositio trifariam,

App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 32, 24.