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1 политическая разрядка
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2 разрядка разрядк·а
(политическая) detente, relaxation / easing / reduction / lessening of tensionидти по пути разрядки и разоружения — to follow / to take the path of detente and disarmament
отказаться от разрядки — to abandon / to drop detente
подрывать разрядку — to frustrate / to rupture detente
распространить разрядку — to extend / to spread detente
разрядка международной напряжённости — detente, relaxation / easing / reduction / lessening of international tension(s)
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3 подорвать разрядку
1. undermine detente2. undermining detenteРусско-английский военно-политический словарь > подорвать разрядку
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4 укрепит разрядку
1. consolidate detente2. consolidating detenteРусско-английский военно-политический словарь > укрепит разрядку
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5 политическая разрядка
1) Military: political disengagement2) Law: political detenteУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > политическая разрядка
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6 распространение распространени·е
dissemination, spread, spreading, proliferationраспространение гонки вооружений на космос — spread / extention of arms / armaments (in) to space
предотвращение распространения гонки вооружений на космос — prevention of the spread of arms / armaments race to outer space
распространение ложных сведений — dissemination of false information распространение обычного оружия dissemination of conventional arms
распространение политической разрядки на военную область — extension of political detente to the military sphere
распространение слухов — spreading / dissemination of rumours
распространение ядерного оружия — spread / proliferation of nuclear weapons, nuclear proliferation
препятствовать распространению ядерного оружия — to hinder the spread / the proliferation of nuclear weapons
горизонтальное распространение ядерного оружия (приобретение его странами, не обладающими ядерным оружием) — horizontal proliferation
ничем не сдерживаемое распространение ядерного оружия — indiscriminate dissemination of nuclear weapons
опасность распространения ядерного оружия — proliferation risk, danger of nuclear proliferation
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > распространение распространени·е
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7 процесс
1) (ход развития) processвнутренние процессы — internal / domestic processes
процесс становления взаимосвязанного и целостного мира — process of asserting the interdependence and integrity of the world
2) (производственный) processвести процесс — to plead a cause, to carry on a lawsuit
выиграть процесс — to gain (one's) cause
гражданский процесс — lawsuit, suit, civil procedure
судебный процесс — cause, action, suit, litigation
начать судебный процесс — to take / to institute legal proceedings (against)
уголовный процесс — (criminal) trial / procedure
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8 Entspannungsbemühungen
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9 Cunhal, Álvaro
(Barreirinhas)(1913-2005)Leader of the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), author, and ideologue. Álvaro Cunhai was a militant of the PCP since the 1930s and was secretary-general from 1961 to 1992. In the midst of Mikail Gorbachev's reforms and perestroika, Cunha refused to alter the PCP's orthodox commitment to the proletariat and Marxism-Leninism. Throughout a long career of participation in the PCP, Cunhal regularly held influential positions in the organization. In 1931, he joined the PCP while a law student in Lisbon and became secretary-general of the Portuguese Communist Youth/Juventude Comunista (JC) in 1935, which included membership in the PCP's central committee. He advanced to the PCP's secretariat in 1942, after playing a leading role in the reorganization of 1940-H that gave the party its present orthodox character. Cunhai dubbed himself "the adopted son of the proletariat" at the 1950 trial that sentenced him to 11 years in prison for communist activity. Because his father was a lawyer-painter-writer and Cunhai received a master's degree in law, his origins were neither peasant nor worker but petit-bourgeois. During his lifetime, he spent 13 years in prison, eight of which were in solitary confinement. On 3 January 1960, he and nine other mostly communist prisoners escaped from Peniche prison and fled the country. The party's main theoretician, Cunhal was elected secretary-general in 1961 and, along with other top leaders, directed the party from abroad while in exile.In the aftermath of the Revolution of 25 April 1974 that terminated the Estado Novo and ushered in democracy, Cunhal ended his exile and returned to Portugal. He played important roles in post-1974 political events ranging from leader of the communist offensive during the "hot summer" of 1975, positions of minister-without-portfolio in the first through fifth provisional governments, to his membership in parliament beginning in 1976.At the PCP's 14th Congress (1992), Carlos Carvalhas was elected secretary-general to replace Cunhal. Whatever official or unofficial position Cunhal held, however, automatically became an important position within the party. After stepping down as secretary-general, he was elected to head the party's National Council (eliminated in 1996). Many political observers have argued that Cunhal purposely picked a successor who could not outshine him, and it is true that Carvalhas does not have Cunhal's humanistic knowledge, lacks emotion, and is not as eloquent. Cunhai was known not only as a dynamic orator but also as an artist, novelist, and brilliant political tactician. He wrote under several pseudonyms, including Manuel Tiago, who published the well-known Até Amanhã, Camaradas, as well as the novel recently adapted for the film, Cinco Dias, Cinco Noites. Under his own name, he published as well a book on art theory entitled A Arte, O Artista E A Sociedade. He also published volumes of speeches and essays.Although he was among the most orthodox leaders of the major Western European Communist parties, Cunhal was not a puppet of the Soviet Union, as many claimed. He was not only a major leader at home, but also in the international communist movement. His orthodoxy was especially useful to the Soviets in their struggle to maintain cohesion in a movement threatened by division from the Eurocommunists in the 1970s. To conclude that Cunhal was a Soviet puppet is to ignore his independent decisions during the Revolution of 25 April 1974. At that time, the Soviets reportedly tried to slowCunhal's revolutionary drive because it ran counter to detente and other Soviet strategies.In many ways Cunhal's views were locked in the past. His perception and analyses of modern Portuguese revolutionary conditions did not alter radically from his experiences and analyses of revolutionary conditions in the 1940s. To Cunhal, although some conditions had changed, requiring tactical shifts, the major conflict was the same one that led to the creation of the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) in 1947. The world was still divided into two camps: American and Western imperialism on one side, and socialism, with its goal to achieve the fullest of democracies, on the other. Cunhal continued to believe that Marxism-Leninism and scientific socialism provide the solutions to resolving the problems of the world until his death in 2005. -
10 конфронтация конфронтаци·я
скатываться к конфронтации — to drift / to slide into confrontation
существенно / разительно снизить уровень конфронтации — to dramatically reduce confrontation
длительная / затяжная / затянувшаяся конфронтация — protracted confrontation
политическая конфронтация, нарастание политической конфронтации — mounting of political confrontation; political confrontation
прямая конфронтация — direct / eyeball-to-eyeball confrontation
ослабление конфронтации — scaling down / easing of confrontation
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > конфронтация конфронтаци·я
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11 напряжённость напряжённост·ь
вызвать напряжённость — to cause / to raise tensions
нагнетать напряжённость — to build up / to step up / to exacerbate / to heighten / to whip up / to fan tension(s)
ослабить / сбить напряжённость — to ease / to relax tension(s)
снять / устранить напряжённость — to remove tension
создавать напряжённость в отношениях между государствами — to create a tense situation in relations between states
уменьшить напряжённость — to decrease / to lessen / to reduce / to scale down tension(s)
усиливать напряжённость — to aggravate / to increase / to mount tension(s)
возрастающая / усиливающаяся напряжённость — growing / mounting tension
возросшая напряжённость — heightened / increased tension
ослабление международной напряжённости — lessening / relaxation of international tension; détente фр.
усиливать политическую напряжённость — to whip up / to build up political tension
ослабление напряжённости в отношениях между двумя странами — relaxation / casing of tension(s) in relations between two countries
очаг напряжённости — seat / (flash-)point of tension
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > напряжённость напряжённост·ь
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12 разрядка международной напряженности
1. detente2. international tension relaxationРусско-английский большой базовый словарь > разрядка международной напряженности
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