-
1 men-
4 vb. "go" VT47:11, cf. VT42:30, VT49:23, attested in the aorist menë in the sentence imbi Menel Cemenyë menë Ráno tië "between Heaven and Earth goes the path of the Moon". In the verb nanwen- return or go/come back, -men- is changed to -wen- following nan- back etymological form cited as nan-men-, PE17:166. In examples from VT49:23, 24, Tolkien used men- in the sense of go as far as: 1st person sg. aorist menin menin coaryanna I arrive at or come/get to his house, endingless aorist menë, present tense ména- is on point of arrival, is just coming to an end, past tense mennë arrived, reached, in this tense usually with locative rather than allative mennen sís I arrived here, perfect eménië has just arrived, future menuva will arrive. All of these examples were first written with the verb as ten- rather than men-, Tolkien then emending the initial consonant. -
2 men
1 pron. "for us", dative form of me, q.v. 2 noun "way" SA or "place, spot" MEN 3 pron. "who", evidently a misreading or miswriting for man MC:221, in Markirya -
3 númen
noun "west, the way of the sunset" SA:andúnë, cf. NDŪ, MEN; capitalized Númen under SA:men and in CO, "going down, occudent" Letters:361, also name of tengwa \#17 Appendix E. According to VT45:38, the word is actually cited as "nú-men" in Tolkien's Etymologies manuscript. Allative númenna "Westward" LR:47, SD:310, VT49:20, capitalized Númenna, VT49:22; numenna with a short u, VT49:23; adj. númenquerna turned westward VT49:18, 20. See also númenyaron, númessier. - In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, "nú-men" was intended as the name of tengwa \#21, to which letter Tolkien at this stage assigned the value n VT45:38. However, this tengwa was later given the Quenya value r instead and was renamed órë. -
4 me
1 1st person pl. exclusive pronoun "we, us" VT49:51; VT43:23, VT44:9. This pronoun preserves the original stem-form VT49:50. Stressed mé VT49:51. Cf. also mel-lumna "us-is-heavy", sc. *"is heavy for us" LR:47, mel- is evidently an assimilated form of men "for us", dative of me; the form men is attested by itself, VT43:21. For me as object, cf. álaumë/u "do not do something to uus/u", negative imperative particle with object pronoun suffixed VT43:19: álamë tulya, "do not lead us", áumen/u "do something ufor us/u", imperative particle with dative pronoun suffixed ámen apsenë "forgive us", VT43:12, 18. Dual exclusive met "we/us two" Nam, VT49:51, "you and me" VT47:11; the latter translation would make met an inclusive pronoun, though it is elsewhere suggested that it is rather exclusive: "him/her and me", corresponding to wet q.v. as the true inclusive dual form. Rá men or rámen "for us/on our behalf", see rá. Locative messë "on us", VT44:12 also with prefix o, ó- ?"with" in the same source. See also ménë, ómë. -
5 Atan
pl. Atani noun "the Second Folk", an Elvish name of Mortal Men, the Second-born of Ilúvatar. Cf. also Núnatani WJ:386, Hróatani PE17:18, q.v. Atanalcar masc. name, *"Man-glory" UT:210, cf. alcar. Atanamir masc.name, *"Edain-jewel"? Appendix A. Atanatar masc. name, "Father of Men" Appendix A, also common noun atanatar, pl. Atanatári, "Fathers of Men", a title that "properly belonged only to the leaders and chieftains of the peoples at the time of their entry into Beleriand" PM:324, SA:atar -
6 hravan
noun wild beast; pl.Hravani "the Wild", used as a name of non-Edain Men PE17:78, WJ:219. PE17:18 has Hrávani with a long á, glossed Wild-men, Savages. -
7 Rómen
noun "east" RŌ, MEN, SA:men, "uprising, sunrise, east" SA:rómen; also name of tengwa \#25 Appendix E. Possessive form rómenwa PE17:59.Variant hrómen, PE17:18. Rómenna, a place in the eastern part of Númenor, is simply the allative "eastward" SA:rómen, cf. also rómenna in LR:47, 56. Ablative Rómello "from the East" or "to one from the East", hence Tolkien's translation "to those from the East" in his rendering of Namárië Nam, RGEO:67, PE17:59; Romello with a short o in VT49:32. Masc. name Rómendacil "East-victor" Appendix A; cf. Letters:425. Masc. name Rómestámo, Rómenstar "East-helper" PM:384, 391; probably ?Rómenstar must always become Rómestar, but Tolkien cited the form as Rómenstar to indicate the connection with rómen "east" -
8 -hildi
noun "followers" used = mortal men, the Second-born of Ilúvatar KHIL also Hildor, q.v.. Dat. pl. hildin "for men", a dative pl. occurring in Fíriel's Song. Cf. hildinyar "my heirs", evidently *hildë, hildo "follower, heir" + -inya "my" + -r plural ending EO -
9 Hildor
pl. noun "the Followers", an Elvish name of Mortal Men as the Second-born of Ilúvatar WJ:387; sg \#Hildo. Hildórien place-name: the land where Men first awoke, like the Elves did at Cuiviénen Silm, KHIL, PHIR -
10 fírima
adj. "mortal" PHIR; firima with a short i in VT46:4; also used as noun: Fírima pl. Fírimar "those apt to die", "mortals", an Elvish name of Mortal Men WJ:387. This adj. is also the source of an explicit noun, personalized \#Fírimo = mortal, mortal man. Pl. Fírimor VT49:10-11, dative pl. fírimoin "for men" in Fíriel's Song; cf. also the pl. allative fírimonnar in VT44:35. -
11 Formen
noun "north" SA:men, also name of tengwa \#10 Appendix E, PHOR, MEN; replacing the rejected form Tormen. In Formenos, place-name "Northern Fortress" SA:formen. Allative formenna, VT49:26. -
12 hildi
noun "followers" used = mortal men, the Second-born of Ilúvatar KHIL also Hildor, q.v.. Dat. pl. hildin "for men", a dative pl. occurring in Fíriel's Song. Cf. hildinyar "my heirs", evidently *hildë, hildo "follower, heir" + -inya "my" + -r plural ending EO -
13 nanwen-
vb. return go/come back PE17:166. The etymological form nan-men- indicates that the second element is \#men- go, changed to -wen- following nan- back; hence the perfect should perhaps be *naneménië. -
14 rómen
noun "east" RŌ, MEN, SA:men, "uprising, sunrise, east" SA:rómen; also name of tengwa \#25 Appendix E. Possessive form rómenwa PE17:59.Variant hrómen, PE17:18. Rómenna, a place in the eastern part of Númenor, is simply the allative "eastward" SA:rómen, cf. also rómenna in LR:47, 56. Ablative Rómello "from the East" or "to one from the East", hence Tolkien's translation "to those from the East" in his rendering of Namárië Nam, RGEO:67, PE17:59; Romello with a short o in VT49:32. Masc. name Rómendacil "East-victor" Appendix A; cf. Letters:425. Masc. name Rómestámo, Rómenstar "East-helper" PM:384, 391; probably ?Rómenstar must always become Rómestar, but Tolkien cited the form as Rómenstar to indicate the connection with rómen "east" -
15 ména
noun "region" MEN. Not to be confused with the present/continuative tense of \#men- go. -
16 Núnatani
noun "Western Men" = Sindarin Dúnedain WJ:386. Sg. \#Núnatan "Dúnadan". -
17 Eru
divine name "the One" = God VT43:32, VT44:16-17, "the One God" Letters:387, a name reserved for the most solemn occasions WJ:402. Often in the combination Eru Ilúvatar, "Eru Allfather" cf. MR:112. Genitive Eruo MR:329, VT43:28/32, dative Erun VT44:32, 34. The adjectival form Eruva "divine" Eruva lissëo "of divine grace", VT44:18 would be identical to the form appearing in the possessive case. Compound nouns: Eruhantalë "Thanksgiving to Eru", a Númenórean festival UT:166, 436, Eruhin pl. Eruhíni "Children of Eru", Elves and Men WJ:403; SA:híni, cf. Eruhîn in Letters:345, Eruion *"son of God" or "God the Son"? VT44:16, Erukyermë "Prayer to Eru", a Númenórean festival UT:166, 436, Erulaitalë "Praise of Eru", a Númenórean festival UT:166, 436, Eruamillë "Mother of God" in Tolkien's translation of the Hail Mary, VT43:32, see also VT44:7, Eruontari, Eruontarië other translations of "Mother Begetter of God" VT44:7, 18, Erusén "the children of God" RGEO:74; this is a strange form with no plural ending; contrast the synonym Eruhíni. \#Eruanna and \#erulissë, various terms for "grace", literally "God-gift" and "God-sweetness", respectively VT43:29; these words are attested in the genitive and instrumental case, respectively: Eruanno, erulissenen. -
18 indi
pl. noun, apparently a name of Men, hardly valid in Tolkien's later Quenya LT2:343. Compare, however, the final element of Valarindi "Offspring of the Valar", suggesting that \#indi can be used for "offspring" the Quenya word is apparently plural. It may be that in Valarindi, a h has dropped out following r, and that the independent word would be *hindi as a variant of -hín, -híni children. -
19 intë
*"themselves", 3rd person pl. reflexive pronoun, e.g. *i neri tirir intë, "the men watch themselves". Intë is derived from earlier imte VT47:37. Conceivably intë is only used for "themselves" with reference to persons; impersonal "themselves" ought to be *inta or *intai, compare ta \#3, tai \#2. A form *intai might however have evolved into *intë by the Third Age like pl. adjectives in -ai later came to end in -ë, thus converging with the personal form.% In an earlier source, Tolkien listed intë as an emphatic pronoun *they, 3rd person plural VT49:48, 49; compare the pronominal ending -ntë. The word intë derived from inde via inze, an unusual development in Quenya also appears as a candidate 2nd person singular polite form VT49:49. -
20 Minnónar
pl. noun "First-born", Elves as contrasted to Apanónar, the After-born, Men. Sg. \#MinnónaWJ:403
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