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pieces+of+machinery

  • 1 при правильном использовании

    Computers are valuable pieces of machinery that, when properly used, may do much to upgrade the quality of modern life.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > при правильном использовании

  • 2 Zylinder

    m; -s, -
    1. MATH., TECH., auch MOT. cylinder; einer Lampe: chimney
    2. Hut: top hat
    * * *
    der Zylinder
    (Geometrie) cylinder;
    (Hut) top hat;
    (Technik) cylinder
    * * *
    Zy|lịn|der [tsi'lɪndɐ, tsy-]
    m -s, -
    1) (MATH, TECH) cylinder; (= Lampenzylinder) chimney
    2) (= Hut) top hat, topper (inf)
    * * *
    der
    1) (a solid shape or object with a circular base and top and straight sides.) cylinder
    2) (any of several pieces of machinery of this shape, solid or hollow: The brake cylinder of his car is leaking.) cylinder
    3) (a container in the shape of a cylinder: two cylinders of oxygen.) cylinder
    * * *
    Zy·lin·der
    <-s, ->
    [tsiˈlɪndɐ]
    m
    1. MATH cylinder
    2. TECH cylinder, roller
    3. AUTO cylinder, pot spec fam
    4. (Hut) top hat, topper fam
    * * *
    der; Zylinders, Zylinder
    1) cylinder; chimney
    2) (Hut) top hat
    * * *
    Zylinder m; -s, -
    1. MATH, TECH, auch AUTO cylinder; einer Lampe: chimney
    2. Hut: top hat
    * * *
    der; Zylinders, Zylinder
    1) cylinder; chimney
    2) (Hut) top hat
    * * *
    - m.
    cylinder n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Zylinder

  • 3 волноваться, как невеста перед выданьем

    шутл.
    lit. be as nervous as a bride on her wedding-day

    Через мои руки, ты знаешь, сколько машин прошло, а всё одно: идёт на заводе новая турбина, а я волнуюсь, как невеста перед выданьем. (В. Ерёменко, Слепой дождь) — 'You know how many pieces of machinery have passed through my hands, yet it is always the same: every time that a new turbine is made at the plant I am as nervous as a bride on her wedding-day.'

    Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > волноваться, как невеста перед выданьем

  • 4 cylinder

    [ˈsɪlɪndə] noun
    1) a solid shape or object with a circular base and top and straight sides.
    أسطوانَه
    2) any of several pieces of machinery of this shape, solid or hollow:

    The brake cylinder of his car is leaking.

    سيلندر السيّاره
    3) a container in the shape of a cylinder:

    two cylinders of oxygen.

    وَعاء عَلى شَكْل أسطوانه

    Arabic-English dictionary > cylinder

  • 5 Apparatur

    f; -, -en equipment kein Pl., apparatus kein Pl.; (Maschinen) machinery kein Pl.
    * * *
    die Apparatur
    apparatus; equipment; plant
    * * *
    Ap|pa|ra|tur [apara'tuːɐ]
    f -, -en
    1) equipment no pl, apparatus no pl

    Apparatúren — pieces of equipment

    eine Apparatúr — a piece of equipment

    2) (fig POL) machinery, apparatus
    * * *
    Ap·pa·ra·tur
    <-, -en>
    [aparaˈtu:ɐ̯]
    f [piece of] equipment no pl, apparatus no pl
    * * *
    die; Apparatur, Apparaturen apparatus no pl.
    * * *
    Apparatur f; -, -en equipment kein pl, apparatus kein pl; (Maschinen) machinery kein pl
    * * *
    die; Apparatur, Apparaturen apparatus no pl.
    * * *
    f.
    equipment n.
    gadgetry n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Apparatur

  • 6 جزء

    جُزْء \ element: a part of sth.; a quality that is noticed: There is an element of truth in what you say. fragment: a small part that has been broken off. part: a piece of sth.; not all of it: The story is divided into four parts. I spent part of the money on food. piece: a bit; a small part: a piece of paper; a piece of that cake; a glass broken to pieces. section: a part or division (of a group, a machine, an aeroplane, etc.): The examination paper was in three sections, with five questions in each of them. The front section of the train goes to Edinburgh, the rest is taken off at Birmingham. segment: a piece of sth. (often natural): The inside of an orange is divided into a number of segments. \ أَجْزَاء الآلة \ machinery: the parts of a machine: Don’t catch your finger in the machinery. \ أَجْزَاءٌ دَوّارة (مِن عجَلاتٍ وتُروس)‏ \ running gear. \ _(field) Eng. \ الأَجْزَاء المتحرّكة من الآلة (في صيغة الجمع)‏ \ works: the moving parts of a machine (other than the wheels of a vehicle): You should oil the works of your sewing machine. \ أَجْزَاء نَزوعة (يُمكِنُ فَصلُها)‏ \ detachable parts. \ الجُزْء الأوسط من الحشرة \ thorax: the middle part of an insect, between the head and the abdomen. \ جُزْء تَفْصيلي \ detail: one of the small parts that make up a complete description: Please give me all the details of the accident. Describe it in detail. \ الجُزْء الخارجيّ \ outside: (often attrib.) the outer part; not the enclosed part: The outside of the house was painted white. \ الجُزْء الذي يُقْعَدُ عَلَيه \ seat: the part on which one’s bottom rests, when one sits: the seat of one’s trousers; the seat of a chair (not its back or its legs). \ جُزْء الشارع المُخَطَّط (المُخَصَّص لعُبور المُشاة)‏ \ zebra crossing: (in Britain) a place on a busy street marked in black and white stripes, where people have the right to cross the street. \ جُزْء طفيف \ fraction: a small part: Only a fraction of the money remained. \ الجُزْء العَمِيق \ channel: the deep part of a waterway: Keep to the channel or you will stick in the mud. \ جُزْءٌ مُقْتَطَع \ fraction. \ جُزْء مُكوِّن (لِـ)‏ \ component: helping to form a complete thing: There are many component parts of a machine. ingredient: a part of a mixture (esp. in cooking). \ الجُزْء المُلامس للأرض من دُولاب السيّارة \ tread: the raised pattern on a tyre (which stops it from sliding). \ جُزْء من أجزاء الكلام \ part of speech: (in the study of language) a kind of word, such as verb or noun. \ جُزْء من بَلَد \ country: land with a special nature or character: This is good farming country. The road ran through thickly wooded country. \ جُزْء من بِناء مَبْنِيّ بالحَجَر \ stonework: decorative stone that is built into a wall, etc.. \ جُزْء من مائة من الدُّولار \ cent: a piece of money that is worth one hundredth of the chief coin: 100 cents make one American dollar.

    Arabic-English dictionary > جزء

  • 7 Flax Fibre, Tow And By-Products

    FLAX FIBRE, TOW and BY-PRODUCTS
    Flax, Broken - Scutched flax which is less than 20-in. long and therefore unfit for hackling in the spinning mill. Flax, C.D. and T. - Graders' marks which denote the type of scutched flax: c (chaine) to represent warps, D (demi) to represent medium warps, and T (trame) to represent wefts. Flax, Green, or Natural - Scutched flax produced from de-seeded straw without any intermediate treatment such as retting. Flax, Line - The hackled flax produced by a hackling machine or hand hackling. A term sometimes erroneously applied to scutched flax. Flax, Retted - Scutched flax produced from straw which has been retted. Usually divided into three main classes, namely, water retted flax, dew retted flax, and chemically retted flax. Flax, Scutched - The product from the delivery end of a scutching machine or from scutching flax straw on a wheel. It consists of the long fibre strands in a parallel condition and substantially free from wood and other extraneous material. The yield of scutched flax is commonly expressed as stones (14-lb.) per acre, but in Ireland it is sometimes expressed as stones per peck of seed sown. The average yield per acre of scutched flax has varied according to year from about 20 stones per acre to 40 stones per acre, with occasional exceptional yields of 80 and 90 stones per acre. Grader, Flax - The man who places the scutched flaxes in their appropriate grades of quality by eye judgment and feel. Grades, Flax - Tank retted flaxes are graded from A through the alphabet in ascending order of value. Dam retted flaxes are graded from 1-7 in descending order of value. Dew retted flaxes are graded 0-6 in descending order of value. Grades, Tow - Green tow is graded 1-8 and then 9a, 9b, Z, Z2, and beater tow in descending order of value. Tank retted tow is graded I, II, III, 1, 2, 3, 3X, 3XXX, in descending order, whilst dam and dew retted tows are I, II, II, 1, 2, 3. Pluckings - The short, clean fibre produced at the end of the scutching machine where the operatives dress and square the pieces of flax ready for selection. In grading pluckings are classed as tow (q.v.). Root Ends, Straw - The broken-off roots which fall from the straw under the breaking rollers. Rug, Scutching - All the detritus which falls below the two compartments of the scutching machine after the shives have been shaken out of it, or the waste made when producing scutched flax on a wheel. It consists of partly scutched short straws, broken straws, weeds, and beater tow. It is classed as root end rug or top end rug, according to which end of the flax it comes from. Selection - The preliminary sorting of the scutched flax into main grades at the delivery end of the scutching machine. Shives - The short pieces of woody waste beaten from the straw during scutching. Tow - Any substantially clean but tossed and tangled flax fibre of less than scutched flax length. Tow Baling - The operation of making-up tow into bales. Tow, Beater - Short, fine, clean fibres which fall from the last third of the compartments during scutching. Tow, Inferior low grade (Green) - Green tow of a grade lower than 9a. Tow, Inferior low grade (Retted) - Retted tow of a grade lower than 3XXX. Tow, Machine, or Cast - Tow produced by the hackling machine. Tow, Rejected - Tow unsuitable for spinning on flax tow machinery. Tow, Rescutched - Two scutched on tow handles or a tow scutching machine. Tow, Rolled - The product from passing scutching rug through tow rollers and highspeed shaker. Tow, Rolled and Beaten - The product from passing scutching rug through tow rollers and beaters, and a high-speed shaker. The principal flax markets of the world are at Courtrai, Bruges, Ghent, Lokeren and Zele in Belgium; Rotterdam in Holland; Riga in Latvia; Leningrad, Pernau and Witebek in Russia; Douai and Flines in France; Newry, Rathfriland, Strabane, Ballymoney, Lisnaskea, Ballybay and Armagh in Ireland. Courtrai flax is the finest produced. It is uniform in fibre, strong, clean and of a good colour. Yarns up to 200's lea are spun from it. Irish flax comes next in spinning qualities from 90's to 120's lea are produced. As a warp yarn it is much preferred as the strength is greater than other types. Flemish flax is dark in colour, dryer than others, strong, and can be spun up to 120's lea. Dutch flax is clean, good colour and spins into yams up to 90's lea. Russian flax is coarser than the above types and is usually spun up to about 70's lea.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Flax Fibre, Tow And By-Products

  • 8 حجر

    حَجَر \ rock: the solid stone part of the earth’s surface (compared with loose material like soil and sand): You cannot dig through rock, except with machinery, a piece of rock, of whatever size He threw a rock into the sea. We saw the Rock of Gibraltar. The ship struck a rock (a piece of rock coming up through the sea). stone: rock that is used for building, etc.: a block of stone; limestone, a piece of rock, esp. a small piece He threw a stone at the boy. Jewels are valuable stones. \ See Also صخر (صَخْر)‏ \ أحجارٌ شِبهُ كَريمة \ semi-precious stones. \ _(field) Min. \ حَجَر غرانِيت \ granite: a hard grey kind of rock. \ See Also صوان (صَوَّان)‏ \ حَجَر جِيرِيّ \ limestone: a kind of hard rock, used for building etc.. \ حَجَر الدومينو \ domino(-noes): one of a set of small flat pieces of wood, plastic, etc. marked with spots for a game. \ حَجَر الرَّحَى \ millstone: one of a pair of heavy circular stones, for making flour in a mill. \ حَجَر شِطْرَنْج \ chessman: any of the pieces used in the game of chess. \ حَجَر صَوّان \ flint: hard stone that can make fire when it is struck; a piece of this. \ حَجَر عَثْرَة \ stumbling-block: sth. that prevents progress. \ حَجَر كَرِيم \ jewel: a valuable stone (of many kinds) that is worn as an ornament or is used in making a watch. \ حَجَر الكِلْس \ limestone: a kind of hard rock, used for building etc..

    Arabic-English dictionary > حجر

  • 9 Gerät

    Präs. geraten1
    * * *
    das Gerät
    (Apparat) gadget; set; device; apparatus; appliance;
    (Gerätschaften) equipment;
    (Turngerät) piece of apparatus;
    (einzelnes Werkzeug) implement; instrument; piece of equipment; utensil; tool
    * * *
    Ge|rät [gə'rɛːt]
    nt -(e)s, -e
    1) piece of equipment; (= Vorrichtung) device; (= Apparat) gadget; (= landwirtschaftliches Gerät) implement; (= elektrisches Gerät) appliance; (= Radiogerät, Fernsehgerät, Telefon) set; (= Messgerät) instrument; (= Küchengerät) utensil; (= Werkzeug, Gartengerät) tool; (= Turngerät) piece of apparatus; (inf = Penis) tool (sl)
    2) no pl (= Ausrüstung) equipment no pl; (von Handwerker) tools pl
    * * *
    das
    1) (machinery, tools or equipment: chemical apparatus; gymnastic apparatus.) apparatus
    2) (a tool or instrument: kitchen/garden implements.) implement
    3) (something made for a purpose, eg a tool or instrument: a device for opening cans.) device
    4) (an apparatus for receiving radio or television signals: a television/radio set.) set
    5) (an instrument or vessel used in everyday life: pots and pans and other kitchen utensils.) utensil
    * * *
    Ge·rät
    <-[e]s, -e>
    [gəˈrɛ:t]
    nt
    1. (Vorrichtung) device, gadget; (Gartengerät) tool
    2. ELEK, TECH piece of equipment, appliance
    \Geräte equipment nsing; (Fernsehgerät, Radiogerät) set
    3. SPORT (Turngerät) [piece of] apparatus
    4. kein pl (Ausrüstung) equipment no pl; eines Handwerkers tools pl
    * * *
    das; Gerät[e]s, Geräte
    1) piece of equipment; (Fernseher, Radio) set; (GartenGerät) tool; (KüchenGerät) utensil; (MessGerät) instrument
    2) (Turnen) piece of apparatus

    an den Geräten turnendo gymnastics on the apparatus

    3) o. Pl. (Ausrüstung) equipment no pl
    * * *
    Gerät n; -(e)s, -e
    1. (Vorrichtung) device, gadget; (Apparat) auch pl koll apparatus; feinmechanisches: instrument; (Werkzeug) tool, implement; maschinelles: uni; (Radio, Fernseher) set; (Haushaltsgerät) appliance; (Küchengerät) utensil; zum Turnen: piece of apparatus; koll und pl apparatus (sg)
    er hat so viele Geräte in seinem Zimmer umg he’s got so many bits and pieces of equipment in his room
    2. nur sg; koll (Ausrüstung) equipment; kleineres: auch outfit
    3. umg:
    das war 'so ein Gerät! (Riesenexemplar) it was absolutely enormous!
    * * *
    das; Gerät[e]s, Geräte
    1) piece of equipment; (Fernseher, Radio) set; (GartenGerät) tool; (KüchenGerät) utensil; (MessGerät) instrument
    2) (Turnen) piece of apparatus
    3) o. Pl. (Ausrüstung) equipment no pl
    * * *
    -e n.
    appliance n.
    console n.
    device n.
    equipment n.
    gadget n.
    implement n.
    machine n.
    tabletop n.
    tool n.
    unit n.
    utensil n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Gerät

  • 10 mécanique

    c black mécanique [mekanik]
    1. adjective
    mechanical ; [jouet] clockwork
    2. feminine noun
       a. ( = activité, discipline) mechanical engineering ; ( = système) mechanics sg
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    Le mot anglais s'écrit avec un h.
    * * *
    mekanik
    1.
    1) ( manuel) [hachoir, tondeuse] hand (épith); [jouet] clockwork (épith)
    2) ( doté d'une machine) mechanical
    3) ( fait à la machine) machine (épith)
    4) ( de machine) [panne] mechanical
    5) Physique mechanical
    6) ( irréfléchi) [geste] mechanical; [rire] empty

    2.
    1) ( discipline) mechanics (+ v sg)
    2) ( fonctionnement) mechanics (pl)
    3) (colloq) (machine, véhicule) machine
    * * *
    mekanik
    1. adj
    2. nf
    1) (= science) mechanics sg
    2) (= technologie) engineering
    3) (= mécanisme) (= ensemble des pièces) mechanism
    * * *
    A adj
    1 ( manuel) [hachoir, tondeuse] hand ( épith); [machine à écrire] manual; [montre, petite voiture] wind-up ( épith); [jouet, train] clockwork ( épith), wind-up ( épith);
    2 Mécan ( doté d'une machine) mechanical; appareil/excavatrice mécanique mechanical equipment/excavator;
    3 Agric, Ind ( fait à la machine) machine ( épith); fil/tissage/séchage mécanique machine yarn/weaving/drying; traite/tonte mécanique machine milking/shearing;
    4 Mécan ( de machine) [ennui, panne] mechanical; défaillance mécanique mechanical failure; se déplacer de façon mécanique to move mechanically; pièce mécanique machine part; construction mécanique mechanical engineering; industrie mécanique engineering industry;
    5 Phys mechanical; lois mécaniques laws of mechanics;
    6 ( non chimique) méthodes mécaniques de contraception barrier methods of contraception;
    7 ( irréfléchi) [geste] mechanical, automatic; [rire] empty.
    B nf
    1 Mécan ( science) mechanics (+ v sg); un génie de la mécanique a mechanical genius; un terme de mécanique a mechanical term; avoir le sens de la mécanique to be mechanically-minded; une merveille de mécanique a marvel of engineering;
    2 Phys mechanics (+ v sg);
    3 ( fonctionnement) mechanics (pl); la mécanique d'une campagne électorale the mechanics of running a campaign; la mécanique de la gestion the mechanics of management;
    4 ( machine) machine; c'est une belle mécanique ta moto your motorbike is a fine machine.
    mécanique des fluides fluid mechanics (+ v sg); mécanique ondulatoire wave mechanics (+ v sg); mécanique quantique quantum mechanics (+ v sg); mécanique des sols soil mechanics (+ v sg).
    [mekanik] adjectif
    2. [non manuel - tapis, tissage] machine-made ; [ - abattage, remblayage] mechanical, machine (modificateur)
    3. [non électrique, non électronique - commande] mechanical ; [ - jouet] clockwork ; [ - montre] wind-up
    4. [du moteur] engine (modificateur)
    5. [machinal] mechanical
    6. MINES & MINÉRALOGIE mechanical
    ————————
    [mekanik] nom féminin
    1. SCIENCES mechanics (singulier)
    mécanique quantique/relativiste quantum/relativistic mechanics
    2. AUTOMOBILE car mechanics (singulier)
    3. [machine] piece of machinery
    [dispositif] mechanism
    marcher ou tourner comme une mécanique bien huilée to work like a well-oiled machine

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > mécanique

  • 11 o’ziyurar

    self propelled. o’ziyurar shassi tractor on which various pieces of farm machinery can be mounted ?? (samoxodnoe wassi)

    Uzbek-English dictionary > o’ziyurar

  • 12 verzahnen

    ver·zah·nen *
    vt
    1) tech
    Teile [miteinander] \verzahnen to dovetail pieces [together];
    Maschinenteile \verzahnen to gear machinery;
    2) (fig: eng verbinden)
    etw mit etw dat \verzahnen to link sth to sth;
    diese Probleme sind miteinander verzahnt these problems are all linked [together]

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > verzahnen

  • 13 чёрт дёрнул меня

    чёрт (бес, леший) дёрнул меня (тебя, его, её, нас, вас, их), тж. нелёгкая дёрнула меня (тебя, его и т. п.)
    прост.
    what the dickens ever made smb. (do smth.)?; it was an evil spirit that has led smb. (to do smth.)

    Пётр. Чёрт дёрнул меня принять участие в этих дурацких волнениях! Я пришёл в университет учиться... и учился... (М. Горький, Мещане)Pyotr. What the dickens ever made me get mixed up in that student movement? I went to the university to study, and that's what I was doing...

    Инерция работы держала его на ногах. И ещё десять лет продержала бы. Нет, дёрнула нелёгкая бросить всё, изменить привычному ритму жизни. И сразу начал распадаться весь механизм. (В. Панова, Кружилиха) — The momentum of work had kept him on his feet. It would have kept him on his feet for another ten years. No, it was an evil genius that had led him to throw up everything and alter the habitual rhythm of his life. The whole inner machinery started to fall to pieces at once.

    Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > чёрт дёрнул меня

  • 14 complex

    [ˈkɔmpleks] (American) [kəmˈpleks]
    1. adjective
    1) composed of many parts:

    a complex piece of machinery.

    مُرَكَّب
    2) complicated or difficult:

    a complex problem.

    مُعَقَّد
    2. [ˈkɔmpleks] noun
    1) something made up of many different pieces:

    The leisure complex will include a swimming-pool, tennis courts, a library etc.

    مُجَمَّع مبانٍ، مُنْشَأَه
    2) ( often used loosely) an abnormal mental state caused by experiences in one's past which affect one's behaviour:

    inferiority complex.

    عُقْدَه

    Arabic-English dictionary > complex

  • 15 lansag

    English Definition: (adj) dismantled; broken into pieces (machinery or the like)

    Tagalog-English dictionary > lansag

  • 16 Appleby, John F.

    [br]
    b. 1840 New York, US A
    d. ? USA
    [br]
    American inventor of the knotting mechanism used on early binders and still found on modern baling machines.
    [br]
    As a young man John Appleby worked as a labourer for a farmer near Whitewater in Wisconsin. He was 18 when the farmer bought a new reaping machine. Appleby believed that the concept had not been progressed far enough and that the machine should be able to bind sheaths as well as to cut the corn. It is claimed that while watching a dog playing with a skipping rope he noticed a particular knot created as the dog removed its head from the loop that had passed over it, and recognized the potential of the way in which this knot had been formed. From a piece of apple wood he carved a device that would produce the knot he had seen. A local school teacher backed Appleby's idea with a $50 loan, but the American Civil War and service in the Union Army prevented any further development until 1869 when he took out a patent on a wire-tying binder. A number of the devices were made for him by a company in Beloit. Trials of wire binders held in 1873 highlighted the danger of small pieces of wire caught up in the hay leading to livestock losses. Appleby looked again at the possibility of twine. In 1875 he successfully operated a machine and the following season four were in operation. A number of other developments, not least Behel's "bill hook" knotting device, were also to have an influence in the final development of Appleby's twine-tying binder. As so often happens, it was the vision of the entrepreneur which ultimately led to the success of Appleby's device. In 1877 Appleby persuaded William Deering to produce and market his binder, and 3,000 twine binders, together with the twine produced for them, were put on the market in 1880, with immediate success. Over the next dozen years all harvesting-machine manufacturers adopted the idea, under licence to Appleby.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    G.Quick and W.Buchele, 1978, The Grain Harvesters, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (provides an account of the development of harvesting machinery and the various tying devices developed for them).
    1927, "Twine knotter history", Wisconsin Magazine of History (a more specific account).
    AP

    Biographical history of technology > Appleby, John F.

  • 17 Deverill, Hooton

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    fl. c.1835 England
    [br]
    English patentee of the first successful adaptation of the Jacquard machine for patterned lacemaking.
    [br]
    After John Levers had brought out his lacemaking machine in 1813, other lacemakers proceeded to elaborate their machinery so as to imitate the more complicated forms of handwork. One of these was Samuel Draper of Nottingham, who took out one patent in 1835 for the use of a Jacquard mechanism on a lace making machine, followed by another in 1837. However, material made on his machine cost more than the handmade article, so the experiment was abandoned after three years. Then, in Nottingham in 1841, Hooton Deverill patented the first truly successful application of the Jacquard to lacemaking. The Jacquard needles caused the warp threads to be pushed sideways to form the holes in the lace while the bobbins were moved around them to bind them together. This made it possible to reproduce most of the traditional patterns of handmade lace in both narrow and wide pieces. Lace made on these machines became cheap enough for most people to be able to hang it in their windows as curtains, or to use it for trimming clothing. However, it raised in a most serious form the problem of patent rights between the two patentees, Deverill and Draper, threatening much litigation. Deverill's patent was bought by Richard Birkin, who with his partner Biddle relinquished the patent rights. The lacemaking trade on these machines was thus thrown open to the public and a new development of the trade took place. Levers lace is still made in the way described here.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1841, British patent no. 8,955 (adaptation of Jacquard machine for patterned lacemaking).
    Further Reading
    W.Felkin, 1867, History of Machine-Wrought Hosiery and Lace Manufacture (provides an account of Deverill's patent).
    C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of'Technology, Vol. V, Oxford: Clarendon Press (a modern account).
    T.K.Derry and T.I.Williams, 1960, A Short History of Technology from the Earliest
    Times to AD 1900, Oxford.
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Deverill, Hooton

  • 18 Gorton, Richard

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    fl. 1790s England
    [br]
    English patentee of a power loom for weaving narrow fabrics.
    [br]
    In May 1791, Richard Gorton took out a patent for a new type of power-driven loom for narrow fabrics to "work one or several pieces at the same time, either by hand, lath, steam engine, or by water-machinery". The sley with the reed was worked by a crank, and the picker by a lever and cam. The shuttle-box had springs to retain the shuttle, and the warp was kept tight by weights. A stop, which was usually pushed out of the way by the shuttle entering the box, prevented the sley or lath "driving the shuttle against the piece" when the shuttle stuck in the middle. One particularly interesting feature was the sizing of the warp threads by means of brushes and a roller that turned in a square trough filled with size. This pre-dates Radcliffe's sizing machine, which is always considered the first, by a number of years. The mill in which these machines worked was at Cuckney, near Mansfield, England. In 1788 Thomas Gorton had installed one of the earliest Boulton \& Watt rotative steam engines there.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    May 1791, British patent no. 1,804 (power loom for weaving narrow fabrics).
    Further Reading
    R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester (provides an account of Gorton's patent).
    S.D.Chapman, 1967, The Early Factory Masters, Newton Abbot (makes a brief mention of this invention).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Gorton, Richard

  • 19 Macintosh, Charles

    [br]
    b. 29 December 1766 Glasgow, Scotland
    d. 25 July 1843 Dunchattan, near Glasgow, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish inventor of rubberized waterproof clothing.
    [br]
    As the son of the well-known and inventive dyer George Macintosh, Charles had an early interest in chemistry. At the age of 19 he gave up his work as a clerk with a Glasgow merchant to manufacture sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) and developed new processes in dyeing. In 1797 he started the first Scottish alum works, finding the alum in waste shale from coal mines. His first works was at Hurlet, Renfrewshire, and was followed later by others. He then formed a partnership with Charles Tennant, the proprietor of a chemical works at St Rollox, near Glasgow, and sold "lime bleaching liquor" made with chlorine and milk of lime from their bleach works at Darnley. A year later the use of dry lime to make bleaching powder, a process worked out by Macintosh, was patented. Macintosh remained associated with Tennant's St Rollox chemical works until 1814. During this time, in 1809, he had set up a yeast factory, but it failed because of opposition from the London brewers.
    There was a steady demand for the ammonia that gas works produced, but the tar was often looked upon as an inconvenient waste product. Macintosh bought all the ammonia and tar that the Glasgow works produced, using the ammonia in his establishment to produce cudbear, a dyestuff extracted from various lichens. Cudbear could be used with appropriate mordants to make shades from pink to blue. The tar could be distilled to produce naphtha, which was used as a flare. Macintosh also became interested in ironmaking. In 1825 he took out a patent for converting malleable iron into steel by taking it to white heat in a current of gas with a carbon content, such as coal gas. However, the process was not commercially successful because of the difficulty keeping the furnace gas-tight. In 1828 he assisted J.B. Neilson in bringing hot blast into use in blast furnaces; Neilson assigned Macintosh a share in the patent, which was of dubious benefit as it involved him in the tortuous litigation that surrounded the patent until 1843.
    In June 1823, as a result of experiments into the possible uses of naphtha obtained as a by-product of the distillation of coal tar, Macintosh patented his process for waterproofing fabric. This comprised dissolving rubber in naphtha and applying the solution to two pieces of cloth which were afterwards pressed together to form an impermeable compound fabric. After an experimental period in Glasgow, Macintosh commenced manufacture in Manchester, where he formed a partnership with H.H.Birley, B.Kirk and R.W.Barton. Birley was a cotton spinner and weaver and was looking for ways to extend the output of his cloth. He was amongst the first to light his mills with gas, so he shared a common interest with Macintosh.
    New buildings were erected for the production of waterproof cloth in 1824–5, but there were considerable teething troubles with the process, particularly in the spreading of the rubber solution onto the cloth. Peter Ewart helped to install the machinery, including a steam engine supplied by Boulton \& Watt, and the naphtha was supplied from Macintosh's works in Glasgow. It seems that the process was still giving difficulties when Thomas Hancock, the foremost rubber technologist of that time, became involved in 1830 and was made a partner in 1834. By 1836 the waterproof coat was being called a "mackintosh" [sic] and was gaining such popularity that the Manchester business was expanded with additional premises. Macintosh's business was gradually enlarged to include many other kinds of indiarubber products, such as rubber shoes and cushions.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1823.
    Further Reading
    G.Macintosh, 1847, Memoir of Charles Macintosh, London (the fullest account of Charles Macintosh's life).
    H.Schurer, 1953, "The macintosh: the paternity of an invention", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 28:77–87 (an account of the invention of the mackintosh).
    RLH / LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Macintosh, Charles

  • 20 مشبك (إبزيم)

    مِشْبَك (إِبْزيم)‏ \ clasp: a metal fastening for the two ends of an ornamental chain, a band round the waist, etc.. clip: a device of wire or metal for holding things (esp. papers) together. pin: a thin metal bar (of many kinds for special purposes in machinery, etc.) for fastening. safety pin: a pin whose point is guarded when it is fastened; it is used for holding two pieces of cloth together. \ مِشْبَك حِذَاءٍ \ buckle: a fastener, esp. for a shoe or a band round the waist. \ See Also حزام (حِزام)‏ \ مِشْبَك للشَّعْر \ slide: a device with which girls can fasten their hair.

    Arabic-English dictionary > مشبك (إبزيم)

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