-
1 lerta-
vb."can" in the sense "be free to do", being under no restraint physical or other. Lertan quetë "I can speak because I am free to do so, there being no obstacle of promise, secrecy, or duty". Where the absence of a physical restraint is considered, this verb can be used in much the same sense as pol- VT41:6 -
2 nir-
vb. "press, thrust, force in a given direction" "Though applicable to the pressure of a person on others, by mind and 'will' as well as by physical strength, this verb could also be used of physical pressures exerted by inanimates." Given as a 1st person aorist nirin VT41:17. Pa.t. probably *nindë since the R of nir- was originally D the base is given as NID; compare rer- pa.t. rendë from RED concerning the past tense -
3 auta-
1 vb. "go away, leave" leave the point of the speaker's thought; old "strong" past tense anwë, usually replaced by vánë, perfect avánië but when the meaning is purely physical "went away to another place" rather than "disappear", the past tense oantë, perfect oantië was used. Past participle vanwa "gone, lost, no longer to be had, vanished, departed, dead, past and over" WJ:366 2 vb. "invent, originate, devise" GAWA/GOWO This could be obsoleted by \# 1 above; on the other hand, the verbs would be quite distinct in the past tense, where auta- \#2 would likely have the straightforward form *autanë. -
4 fana
noun term denoting the "veils" or "raiment" in which the Valar presented themselves to physical eyes, the bodies in which they were self-incarnated, usually in the shape of the bodies of Elves and Men RGEO:74, PE17:173-180. According to PE17:26, fana may be said to mean shape with added notion of light and whiteness, it is thus often used where we might use a vision of something beautiful or sublime, yet with no connotation of uncertainty or unreality. -
5 ëala
noun "being, spirit" pl. ëalar is attested, spirits whose natural state it is to exist without a physical body, like Balrogs MR:165. The word apparently originates from the participle of ëa, q.v. -
6 erma
noun "physical matter" MR:338, 470 -
7 hón
noun "heart" physical KHŌ-N; hon-maren "heart of the house", a fire LR:63, 73; this is "Qenya" with genitive in -en, not -o as in LotR-style Quenya read *hon-maro? -
8 lamba
1 noun "tongue" physical tongue, while lambë = "language" WJ:394, LAB; according to VT45:25, Tolkien first wrote lambe, but as noted, this alternative form is rather used for "tongue" in the sense of "language" 2 noun ?"hammer" possibly an alternative form of namba, q.v., but the source is obscure and namba is to be preferred VT45:37 -
9 hroa
sometimes spelt "hröa" noun "body" changed by Tolkien from hrondo, in turn changed from hrón. The word hroa comes from earlier ¤srawa VT47:35. Pl. hroar is attested MR:304, VT39:30. In MR:330, Tolkien notes that hroa is "roughly but not exactly equivalent to 'body' " as opposed to "soul". The Incarnates live by necessary union of hroa body and fëa soul WJ:405. Hroafelmë "body-impulse" impulses provided by the body, e.g. physical fear, hunger, thirst, sexual desire VT41:19 cf. 13 -
10 pol-
1 vb. "can" = have physical power and ability, as in polin quetë "I can speak because mouth and tongue are free". Cf. ista-, lerta- as verbs "can" with somewhat different shades of meaning. VT41:6, PE17:181 -
11 tuo
noun "muscle, sinew, vigour, physical strength" TUG -
12 enda
noun "heart", but not referring to the physical organ; it literally means "centre" cf. endë and refers to the fëa soul or sáma mind itself. VT39:32 -
13 orma
noun "physical matter" MR:218, 231, 471 -
14 lambë
noun "tongue, language" the usual word for 'language' in non-technical use WJ:368, 394, ÑGAL/ÑGALAM, "the language or dialect of a particular country or people...never used for 'language' in general, but only for particular forms of speech" VT39:15; also name of tengwa \#27 Appendix E. In early "Qenya", lambë was defined as "tongue" of body, but also of land, or even = "speech" LT2:339. In LotR-style Quenya lambë only means "tongue = speech", whereas the word for a physical tongue is lamba. Lambë Valarinwa "Valarin tongue" WJ:397, lambë Quendion "the language of the Elves" PM:395, Lambengolmor pl. noun "Loremasters of Tongues", a school founded by Fëanor WJ:396; sg. \#Lambengolmo. Spelt Lambeñgolmor in VT48:6.
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