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121 Pretsch, Paul
[br]b. 1808 Vienna, Austriad. 1873 Vienna, Austria[br]Austrian printer and inventor of photogalvanography, one of the earliest commercial photomechanical printing processes.[br]The son of a goldsmith, Pretsch learned the printing trade in Vienna, where he worked until 1831. He then took up a series of posts in Germany, Belgium and Holland before returning to Vienna, where in 1842 he joined the Imperial State Printing Office. The office was equipped with a photographic studio, and Pretsch was encouraged to explore applications of photography to printing and the graphic arts. In 1851 he was sent to London to take responsibility for the Austrian printing exhibits of the Great Exhibition. This event proved to be a significant international show case for photography and Pretsch saw a great number of recent innovations and made many useful contacts. On returning to Vienna, he began to develop a process for producing printing plates from photographs. Using Talbot's discovery that bichromated gelatine swells in water after exposure to light, he electrotyped the relief image obtained. In 1854 Pretsch resigned from his post in Vienna and travelled back to London, where he patented his process, calling it photogalvanography. He went on to form a business, the Photo-Galvano-Graphic Company, to print and market his pictures.The Photographic Manager of the company was the celebrated photographer Roger Fenton, recently returned from his exploits on the battlefields of the Crimea. In 1856 the company issued a large serial work, Photographic Art Treasures, illustrated with Pretsch's pictures, which created considerable interest. The venture did not prove a commercial success, however, and although further plates were made and issued, Fenton found other interests to pursue and Pretsch was left to try to apply some of his ideas to lithography. This too had no successful outcome, and in 1863 Pretsch returned to Vienna. He was reappointed to a post at the Imperial State Printing Office, but his health failed and he made no further progress with his processes.[br]Bibliography9 November 1854, British patent no. 2,373. 11 August 1855, British patent no. 1,824.Further ReadingJ.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E. Epstean, New York.H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London. H.J.P.Arnold, 1977, William Henry Fox Talbot, London (an account of the relationship with Talbot's process).JW -
122 device
1) устройство; приспособление; механизм; аппарат; прибор2) марка (издательская или типографская)Англо-русский словарь по полиграфии и издательскому делу > device
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123 camera
2) киносъёмочный аппарат, киноаппарат, кинокамера6) архит. сводчатое покрытие•to thread camera — заряжать киносъёмочный аппарат- 6×6 cm camera -
accelerated motion-picture camera
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aerial camera
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aerophotographic camera
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all-sky camera
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amateur camera
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animation camera
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astrographic camera
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astronomical camera
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auto camera
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autofocusing camera
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autoprocess camera
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background camera
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ball camera
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ballistic camera
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battery-powered camera
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bellows-type camera
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bellows camera
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bipack camera
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blimped camera
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borehole camera
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box-type camera
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box camera
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broadcast camera
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caption camera
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cartographic camera
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cartoon camera
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cartridge loading camera
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cartridge camera
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cassette camera
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CCD camera
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cine camera
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cinefluorographic camera
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cinematographic X-ray recording camera
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cineradiology camera
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closed-circuit TV camera
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close-up camera
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cloud camera
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collapsible camera
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color camera
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color television camera
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color-slide camera
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combination single film camera
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compact-size camera
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composite electronic and film camera
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continuous-motion camera
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copying camera
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copy camera
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darkroom camera
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data-recording camera
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Debye-Scherrer camera
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deep-water camera
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discontinuously writing camera
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documentary camera
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double-eight camera
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double-extension camera
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double-frame camera
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drum camera
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dual-gage camera
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easily handled camera
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EFP camera
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electric eye camera
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electric-driven camera
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electric camera
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electronic camera
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electron camera
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electronic news gathering camera
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endoscopic camera
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ENG camera
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environmentally protected camera
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fast pulldown camera
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field camera
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film camera
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film developing camera
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film recording camera
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fixed camera
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fixed-focus camera
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fixed-pin registration camera
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flash camera
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flow camera
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folding camera
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foreground camera
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framing camera
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full-frame format camera
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gallery camera
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graphic arts camera
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graphics camera
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grid camera
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ground glass focusing camera
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ground glass camera
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Guinier camera
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gyroscope camera
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half-format camera
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hand camera
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hand-held camera
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HDTV camera
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high-frequency camera
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high-resolution camera
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high-speed camera
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hologram camera
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horizontal camera
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image compensation camera
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image-converter camera
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image-dissection camera
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industrial-type camera
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industrial camera
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industrial-type television camera
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industrial television camera
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infrared camera
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instant camera
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instant-load camera
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instrumentation camera
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interchangeable camera
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intermittent camera
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Kerr cell camera
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kinescope recording camera
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kinescope camera
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large-format camera
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laser camera
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Laue camera
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left-eye camera
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lenticular screen camera
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live camera
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log camera
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low-speed recording camera
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low-speed camera
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magnetic video camera
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manual camera
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mapping camera
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mask camera
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measuring camera
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medium format camera
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microfiche camera
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microfilm camera
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miniature camera
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monoblock camera
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monochrome camera
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motion-picture camera
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motor-driven camera
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movie camera
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moving-image camera
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narrow-gage camera
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newsreel camera
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news camera
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one-piece camera
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one-tube camera
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optical compensation camera
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outside broadcast camera
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overhead camera
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paging camera
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panoramic camera
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photo-finish camera
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photogrammetric camera
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photographic camera
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photomechanical camera
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photomicrographic camera
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photoreproduction camera
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photostat camera
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phototheodolite camera
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pickup camera
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picosecond framing camera
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picture-taking camera
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picture camera
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pilot camera
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pinhole camera
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plain camera
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planetary camera
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plate camera
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platemaker camera
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plotting camera
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pocket camera
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portable camera
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precision camera
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press camera
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process camera
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professional camera
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programmed camera
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projecting camera
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rangefinder camera
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recording camera
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reduction camera
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reflex camera
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reporter camera
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reproduction camera
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right-eye camera
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robot camera
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rotary camera
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Sauter camera
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scanning camera
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scientific camera
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seismic camera
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self-contained camera
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self-developing camera
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self-threading camera
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semiautomatic camera
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shoulder-operated camera
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shoulder camera
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silent camera
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single-film camera
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single-frame camera
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single-lens reflex camera
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slate camera
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slave camera
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slow-motion camera
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sound motion-picture camera
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sound-film camera
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sound-on-film camera
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spectrographic camera
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stand camera
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step-and-repeat camera
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stop-motion camera
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streak camera
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studio camera
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subminiature camera
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taking camera
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technical camera
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telecine camera
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television camera
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time-lapse motion camera
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time-lapse camera
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topographical camera
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traveling matte camera
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trick camera
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twin-lens camera
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two-piece camera
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vertical process camera
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video camera
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video still camera
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view camera
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viewfinder camera
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Weissenberg camera
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wide-angle camera
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X-ray diffraction camera
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X-ray camera -
124 hologram
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aberrated hologram
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aberration-free hologram
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absorption hologram
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achromatic fringe hologram
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acoustical hologram
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acoustic hologram
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addressing hologram
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amplitude-modulation hologram
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amplitude hologram
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amplitude-phase hologram
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analog hologram
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angularly encoded holograms
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aplanatic hologram
-
astigmatic hologram
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axial hologram
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back-reference beam hologram
-
bandwidth reduced hologram
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beat frequency hologram
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bichromated gelatin hologram
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binary hologram
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black-and-white hologram
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bleached hologram
-
Bragg-effect hologram
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Bragg hologram
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bright-field hologram
-
carrier frequency hologram
-
coded hologram
-
code-transform hologram
-
coding reference beam hologram
-
coherent hologram
-
color encoded hologram
-
color encode hologram
-
colored hologram
-
color hologram
-
complementary hologram
-
complex hologram
-
composite hologram
-
compound-image hologram
-
computed hologram
-
contact-copy hologram
-
continuous-exposure hologram
-
contour hologram
-
copied hologram
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coupling hologram
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dark-field hologram
-
data hologram
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deep hologram
-
deflecting hologram
-
Denisyuk hologram
-
denser hologram
-
developed hologram
-
dichromatic hologram
-
difference frequency hologram
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diffused hologram
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diffuse hologram
-
digitally generated hologram
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digitized hologram
-
diminished hologram
-
discrete-point hologram
-
discriminating hologram
-
displacement hologram
-
Doppler-imaged hologram
-
double-exposed hologram
-
double-exposure hologram
-
double-pulse hologram
-
double-recorded hologram
-
duplicated hologram
-
electrically erasable hologram
-
electron hologram
-
embossed hologram
-
encoded hologram
-
enlarged hologram
-
erasable hologram
-
evanescent waves hologram
-
evanescent hologram
-
exposed hologram
-
far-field hologram
-
ferroelectric hologram
-
filtered hologram
-
fine detailed hologram
-
flat substrate hologram
-
focused-image hologram
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Fourier-transform hologram
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Fourier hologram
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Fraunhofer diffraction hologram
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Fraunhofer hologram
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frequency encoded hologram
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Fresnel diffraction hologram
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Fresnel hologram
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frozen-fringe hologram
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full channel hologram
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full color hologram
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full view hologram
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Gabor-type hologram
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Gabor hologram
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gamma-ray hologram
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ghost hologram
-
gray hologram
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high bit-density hologram
-
high storage-density hologram
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high-contrast hologram
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high-efficiency hologram
-
highly redundant hologram
-
high-resolution hologram
-
horizontal parallax only hologram
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horizontal parallax hologram
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image hologram
-
image plane hologram
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incoherent hologram
-
infinite fringe hologram
-
in-focus hologram
-
infrared hologram
-
in-line hologram
-
in-situ developing hologram
-
instant hologram
-
interference hologram
-
ionic hologram
-
isoplanatic hologram
-
large-aperture hologram
-
laser hologram
-
latent hologram
-
Leith-Upatnieks hologram
-
lens-assisted hologram
-
lensless hologram
-
light hologram
-
line hologram
-
linearly recorded hologram
-
Lippmann-Bragg hologram
-
liquid hologram
-
liquid-crystal hologram
-
low-noise hologram
-
magnetic hologram
-
magnetooptic hologram
-
magnified hologram
-
master hologram
-
memory hologram
-
microscopic hologram
-
microwave hologram
-
mixed hologram
-
monochrome hologram
-
multichannel hologram
-
multicolor hologram
-
multiexposed hologram
-
multiple-exposed hologram
-
multiple hologram
-
multiple-exposure hologram
-
multiple-object beam hologram
-
multiple-phase hologram
-
multiplexed hologram
-
multiplex hologram
-
multiplexing hologram
-
near-field hologram
-
nonlinearly recorded hologram
-
nonoptical hologram
-
nonredundant hologram
-
object-beam coded hologram
-
off-axis hologram
-
offset hologram
-
on-axis hologram
-
optical hologram
-
optically erasable hologram
-
optically formed hologram
-
optically generated hologram
-
optically recorded hologram
-
original hologram
-
overdeveloped hologram
-
overexposed hologram
-
panoramic hologram
-
phase hologram
-
phase-contrast hologram
-
phase-modulated hologram
-
phase-modulating hologram
-
photochromic hologram
-
photoetched hologram
-
photographic hologram
-
photopolymer hologram
-
photoreduced hologram
-
planar hologram
-
plane hologram
-
polarization hologram
-
postexposure hologram
-
preexposure hologram
-
primary color hologram
-
processed hologram
-
pulsed laser hologram
-
radar hologram
-
rainbow hologram
-
readable hologram
-
reconstructed hologram
-
recorded hologram
-
reduced bandwidth hologram
-
redundant hologram
-
reference hologram
-
reflectance hologram
-
reflection-reconstructed hologram
-
reflection hologram
-
reflection-reflection hologram
-
reflection-transmission hologram
-
reflective-type hologram
-
reflective hologram
-
refractive beam hologram
-
relief hologram
-
replicated hologram
-
ring hologram
-
sampled hologram
-
sample hologram
-
sampling hologram
-
scalar hologram
-
scaled hologram
-
scale hologram
-
scanned detector hologram
-
scanned source hologram
-
secondary hologram
-
sector-scan hologram
-
self-developing hologram
-
sequentially exposed hologram
-
single-color hologram
-
single-exposed hologram
-
single-layer hologram
-
slightly overlapping holograms
-
slit hologram
-
sound wave hologram
-
sound hologram
-
space-division multiplexed hologram
-
spatial carrier hologram
-
spatial frequency encoded hologram
-
speckle-free hologram
-
spectroscopic hologram
-
spherical substrate hologram
-
split-beam hologram
-
stereographic hologram
-
strip hologram
-
strobed hologram
-
stroboscopic hologram
-
subchannel hologram
-
superimposed holograms
-
surface hologram
-
surface-relief hologram
-
thermally developed hologram
-
thermally erasable hologram
-
thermochromic hologram
-
thermoplastic hologram
-
thick film hologram
-
thick hologram
-
thick-coated hologram
-
thin film hologram
-
thin hologram
-
three-dimensional hologram
-
three-exposure hologram
-
time-averaged hologram
-
time-multiple-exposure hologram
-
total internal reflection hologram
-
total reflection hologram
-
transmission-reflection hologram
-
transmission-transmission hologram
-
transmissive hologram
-
transparent hologram
-
true color hologram
-
two-beam hologram
-
two-color hologram
-
two-dimensional hologram
-
two-exposure hologram
-
unbleached hologram
-
underdeveloped hologram
-
underexposed hologram
-
undersampled hologram
-
uniaxial hologram
-
visible-light hologram
-
volume hologram
-
white-light hologram
-
wide-angle hologram
-
xerographic hologram
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X-ray hologram
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zone plate hologram -
125 transfer
1) перенос; перевод (напр. рисунка, изображения); передача (напр. изображения) || переносить; переводить (напр. рисунок, изображение на другую поверхность)2) pl переводные картинки3) изображение, подлежащее переносу или переводу4) лист или плёнка для перевода (рисунка)5) зеркальный оттиск6) пересылка; передача (данных)Англо-русский словарь по полиграфии и издательскому делу > transfer
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126 pattern
1. ім.1) малюнок; зображення; образ; рельєф2) конфігурація, форма2. дієсл. формувати малюнок; формувати зображення; формувати рельєф; структурувати - chip pattern
- circuit pattern
- computer-generated pattern
- conductive pattern
- conductor pattern
- contact pattern
- contiguous-disk propagation pattern
- customized metallization pattern
- discretionary wiring pattern
- dislocation pattern
- domain pattern
- dopant pattern
- electron-beam pattern
- electron diffraction pattern
- emitter pattern
- error-free layout pattern
- etchedpattern
- etchpattern
- fine-line pattern
- fine-linewidth pattern
- fixed-interconnection pattern
- gate pattern
- geometric pattern
- growth pattern
- high-aspect ratio pattern
- insulation pattern
- integrated-circuit pattern
- interconnection mask pattern
- layout pattern
- lead pattern
- mask pattern
- masked реrmalloy pattern
- masking pattern
- master pattern
- measurement pattern
- metal-finger pattern
- multiple pattern
- optical pattern
- oxide pattern
- permalloy propagation pattern
- photographic emulsion-maskpattern
- photographic emulsionpattern
- photoresist film pattern
- photoresist pattern
- photoresist mask pattern
- process evaluation and control pattern
- programmed-interconnection pattern
- regular pattern
- repetitive pattern
- reticle pattern
- routing pattern
- shifting test pattern
- silicon pattern
- step coverage pattern
- striation pattern
- subisolation pattern
- sunken охide pattern
- surface relief pattern
- test pattern
- thick-film pattern
- thin-film pattern
- transistor pattern
- wafer pattern
- wiring pattern -
127 coding
1) кодированиеа) представление информации в виде последовательности элементов некоторой совокупности символов или сигналов по определённой системе правилб) вчт программирование2) модуляция (напр. в системе с дельта-модуляцией)•- adaptive coding - alpha-geometric coding
- alpha-photographic coding
- alternate mark inversion coding
- AMI coding
- angle coding
- angular coding
- antinoise coding
- automatic coding
- binary coding
- bipolar coding
- bit-by-bit coding
- biternary coding
- blink rate coding
- block coding
- block-to-block coding
- channel coding
- color coding
- component coding
- composite coding
- conditional replenishment coding
- contour coding
- convolution coding
- convolutional coding
- depth coding
- deviations from means coding
- digital coding
- direct-feedback coding
- display coding
- double-frequency coding
- duobinary coding
- eight-to-fourteen modulation coding
- entropy coding
- fractal coding
- fractal block coding
- fuzzy coding
- gap coding
- grid coding
- Hadamard transform image coding
- hash coding
- image coding
- image sequence coding
- interfield coding
- interframe coding
- interleaved coding
- intraframe coding
- linear coding
- luminance coding
- MIDI coding
- minimum-access coding
- modular coding
- multilevel coding
- numeric coding
- parametric coding
- partial-response coding
- picture coding
- plateau coding - program coding
- progressive coding
- pulse-width coding
- relative coding
- reply coding
- robust coding
- run-length coding
- run-length limited coding
- sequential coding
- serial coding
- shape coding
- slant transform coding
- size coding
- source coding
- space-time coding
- specific coding
- structured coding
- subsampling coding
- symbolic coding
- symbology coding
- transformation coding
- transition coding
- two-dimensional transform coding
- variable-length coding
- video coding
- Walsh coding
- waveform coding
- Weston coding
- width coding -
128 density
1) плотность; концентрация3) вчт плотность записи4) плотность распределения (напр. случайной величины)•- density of conduction current
- density of convection current
- density of data
- density of displacement current
- density of field
- density of levels
- density of recombination centers
- density of states
- density of training data
- acceptor density
- anisotropy energy density
- area density
- areal density
- area recording density
- areal recording density
- arrival density
- band edge density of states
- beam density
- bit density
- black-light flux density
- Bloch line density
- bubble density
- bubble-memory density
- bunch density
- carrier density
- cathode-current density
- character density
- charge density
- charged-particle density
- collision density
- component density
- conditional density
- conduction current density
- cross-spectral density
- current density
- defect density
- delta flux density
- dielectric flux density
- diffuse density
- diffuse transmission density
- diffusion-current density
- dislocation density
- donor density
- doping density
- double density
- double diffuse density
- effective density
- elastic energy density
- electric displacement current density
- electric-field energy density
- electric flux density
- electrolyte density
- electron density
- electrostatic-field energy density
- energy-flux density
- equilibrium density
- equivalent electron density
- etch pit density
- excess-carrier density
- extended density
- facsimile density
- failure density
- field energy density
- flux density
- Fourier density
- function density
- gate density
- Gaussian density
- gray-level probability density
- high density
- hole density
- image density
- impurity density
- induced anisotropy energy density
- induction density
- integrated-circuit density
- integration density
- internal transmission density
- intrinsic density
- intrinsic flux density
- inverted population density
- joint density
- Josephson current density
- level density
- linear density
- linear density of electric charge
- linear ion density
- linear recording density
- longitudinal density
- luminous density
- luminous flux density
- magnetic energy density
- magnetic field energy density
- magnetic flux density
- magnetic moment density
- magnetic-pole volume density
- magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy density
- magnetoelastic energy density
- magnetostatic-field energy density
- majority-carrier density
- marginal density
- minority-carrier density
- mode density
- momentum density
- momentum flow density
- multivariate density
- neutral density
- neutral particle density
- noise spectral density
- nonequilibrium density
- normal density
- occupation density
- optical density
- orbital-belt density
- packaging density
- packing density
- pair density
- particle flux density
- peak energy density
- photographic density
- photographic transmission density
- photoionization density
- pinch density
- pinhole density
- plasma density
- plasma-current density
- population density
- posterior density
- power density
- power flow density - prior density - radiant density
- radiant energy density
- radiant flux density
- radiant flux surface density
- recording density
- reflection density
- reflection optical density
- relative density
- remanent flux density
- residual density
- residual flux density
- saturation flux density - sound-energy density
- sound-energy-flux density
- space-charge density - specular transmission density
- spin density
- steady-state density
- step density
- subsurface density
- supercurrent density
- surface density
- surface density of electric charge
- surface-defect density
- surface-state density
- thermodynamic equilibrium density
- threshold current density
- total electric-current density
- track density
- trail electron density
- transmission density
- transmission optical density
- trap density
- tunneling density
- uniform current density
- very high density
- volume density of electric charge
- volume density of magnetic pole strength
- volume recording density
- volumetric energy density
- wire density
- writing density
См. также в других словарях:
Photographic image — Фотографическое изображение … Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии
Photographic image density range — Интервал плотностей фотографического изображения … Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии
Photographic fixer — is a chemical used in the final step in the photographic processing of film or paper. The fixer removes the unexposed silver halide remaining on the negative or photographic paper, leaving behind the reduced metallic silver that forms the image.… … Wikipedia
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photographic plate — noun a flat sheet of metal or glass on which a photographic image can be recorded • Syn: ↑plate • Hypernyms: ↑sheet, ↑flat solid • Hyponyms: ↑quarter plate … Useful english dictionary
Photographic processing — is the chemical means by which photographic film and paper is treated after photographic exposure to produce a negative or positive image. Photographic processing transforms the latent image into a visible image, makes this permanent and renders… … Wikipedia
Photographic printing — is the process of producing a final image for viewing, usually on chemically processed sensitized paper, from a previously prepared photographic negative, from a positive transparency or slide, or a digital image file. Printing from a Negative… … Wikipedia
Image file formats — are standardized means of organising and storing images. This entry is about digital image formats used to store photographic and other images; (for disk image file formats see Disk image). Image files are composed of either pixel or vector… … Wikipedia
Photographic plate — Photographic plates preceded photographic film as a mean of photography. A light sensitive emulsion of silver salts was applied to a glass plate. This form of photographic material largely faded from the consumer market in the early years of the… … Wikipedia
Image stitching — or photo stitching is the process of combining multiple photographic images with overlapping fields of view to produce a segmented panorama or high resolution image. Commonly performed through the use of computer software, most approaches to… … Wikipedia
Photographic seeing — is a term encountered in modern critical writing about documentary and fine art photographers and photography.For László Moholy Nagy seeing as a photographer meant the training of the eye that is engaged in by a conscious and reflective… … Wikipedia