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21 ultio
мщение, месть, кара (justa VM, QC)ultionem ab и ex aliquo petere L, QC, T — мстить кому-л.ultionem petere ab aliquā re Ap — мстить (отплачивать) чём-л.u. alicujus rei L — отмщение за что-л -
22 auxilium
auxilium, ī, n. (augeo), der Zuwachs, um etw. durchzuführen, die Hilfe, I) im allg., die Hilfe (abstr. u. konkr.), die Hilfeleistung, das Hilfsmittel ( Mittel), die Abhilfe, der Beistand, die Mitwirkung, Unterstützung, v. Pers. auch der Helfer (Ggstz. exitium, Plaut. rud. prol. 68), summum aux. omnium gentium (v. Konsul), Cic.: aux. Romanum (der Römer), Liv.: aux. adventicium, Cic.: aux. argentarium, Plaut.: m. subj. Genet., aux. domus, Helfer, Ov.: Graecorum auxilio, Cic.: auxilio noctis, mit Hilfe = unter dem Schutze der N., Sall.: auxilio tempestatis, vom stürmischen Wetter begünstigt, Caes. – m. obj. Genet., aux. salutis, Caes. u. Nep.: hortandi suos, Auct. b. Alex. – m. adversus u. Akk., opportunum adversus Indos auxilium, Curt.: quibus auxilii latio adversus consules esset, Liv. (vgl. unten mit dare u. esse). – accire alqm auxilio, Tac.: accurrere auxilio, Sall., in auxilium, Suet.: adiungere sibi auxilium, Cic.: auxilio alcis adiuvari, Liv. epit.: alqm advocare in auxilium alcis rei (wegen etw.), Tac.: auxilii nihil afferre, Ter.: unius civitatis firmum auxilium amittere, Cic.: arcessere alqm auxilio, Caes., in auxilium, Aur. Vict.: arripere opem auxiliumque ad alqd, Plaut.: ad auxilium convenire, Caes.: auxilio plebem per magistratus ex omnibus vicis convocare, Suet.: dare auxilium, Verg. u. Liv.: dare adversus alqm auxilium, Liv. u. Iustin. (s. Benecke Iustin. 38, 5, 3): ad extremum auxilium descendere, Caes.: effundere supremum auxilium, Liv.: egere auxilio, Sall., Ov. u. Quint.: auxilium esse alci, Plaut., od. gew. esse auxilio u. esse alci auxilio, Komik., Caes., Sall., Nep. u.a.: alci in peccato adiutricem, auxilio in paterna iniuria esse, Ter.: consuli adversus intercessionem collegae auxilio esse, Liv.: u. alci nemo auxilio est, quin m. Konj., Liv. 9, 26, 10: u. quod ne fieret, tribuni plebis auxilio fuerunt, Liv. epit. 59: tum quoque, si se appellet, auxilio ei futurum, ne causam dicat, Liv. 38, 52, 10: in auxilio (alcis) od. in auxilium esse, Plin., Iustin. u. Eutr. (s. Dudend. Caes. b. G. 3, 11, 2): aliquid auxilii est in alqo, es ist H. bei jmd. zu finden, Caes.: evocare alqm ex Africa in auxilium, Suet.: extremum auxilium experiri, Caes.: serum auxilium perditis erat, Liv.: vestri est auxilii m. folg. Infin., Cic. Clu. 4: expetere auxilium ab alqo, Ter. u. Cic.: exspectare vestrum auxilium, Cic.: ferre auxilium, Cic.: alci ferre auxilium, Enn. fr., Komik., Cic., Caes. u.a., opem auxiliumque alci, Cic.: ferre auxilium pecuniae, das G. retten, Caes.: ferre alci auxilium contra tantam vim sceleris praesentis, Cic.: Aetolos in auxilio habere, Liv. epit.: implorare auxilium alcis, Cic., od. auxilium ab alqo, Caes.: auxilium alcis implorare et flagitare, Cic.: suo auxilio freti, Cic.: deos in auxilium invocare, Quint.: mittere alci auxilium, Curt.: alqm auxilio mittere, Caes.: mitti alci auxilio ab alqo, Nep.: negare alci auxilium, Liv.: alci opus est auxilio alcis, Sall. fr. u. Cic.: offertur alci auxilium alcis, Cic.: orbari auxilio, Cic.: alcis auxilium sibi paratum putare, Cic.: petere auxilium ab alqo, Cic.: auxilium petere contra alqm, Hirt. b. G.: petere ab alqo auxilium salutis, Nep.: polliceri auxilium alci rei, Cic.: polliceri auxilium in publicum (zum allgemeinen Nutzen), Quint.: postulare auxilium, Caes.: privari auxilio sociorum, Nep.: proficisci alci auxilio, Nep.: promittere alci auxilium, Ov.: quaerere auxilium, Cic.: reperire alci rei auxilium, Caes.: requirere auxilium vestrum od. nullum, Cic.: rogare auxilium, Caes., auxilium summissā voce, Ov.: spoliari auxilio alcis, Cic.: succurrere alci auxilio, Caes.: uti auxilio (Mitwirkung) elephantorum, Liv.: uti auxilio legis, Quint.: venire alci auxilio, Caes. u.a., in auxilium, Suet. – Plur., auxilia, entw. übh. Hilfe usw. (s. oben), auxilia magica, Tibull.: aux. extrinsecus assumpta, Quint.: mit subj. Genet., auxilia equitum, Caes.: provinciarum, Caes.: Graecorum, Liv.: liberorum, Quint.: mit obj. Genet., salutis auxilia, Cic. – omnium sibi auxilia adiungere, Cic.: salutis auxilia ad alqm afferre, Cic.: assidēre auxiliis suis, vom Schiffer, Ov.: cuncta auxilia (Stützen) rei publicae labefactare convellereque, Cic.: auxilia formidare, Curt.: longinquis auxiliis indigere, Liv.: neutris auxilia mittere, neutral bleiben, Caes.: negare alci auxilia, Liv. u. Scrib.: auxilia portare, Sall.: illorum auxiliis uti, Cic. – od. Hilfsquellen, copiae auxiliaque alcis, Caes.: haec auxilia od. magna duo auxilia detrahere alci, Caes. u. Cic.: minuere auxilia populi Romani, Cic. – II) insbes.: a) als mediz. t. t., die Hilfe, das Hilfsmittel, das Heilmittel für od. gegen etw., absol. od. m. obj. Genet. od. m. adversus u. Akk., aux. anceps, Cels.: aux. optimum, praesentissimum, Cels.: auxilia imbecilliora, validiora, Cels.: omne auxilium corporis, jedes auf den K. angewandte H., Cels.: aux. adversae valetudinis, Cels.: aux. adversus profusionem sanguinis, Cels.: adhibere auxilium, Cels., auxilia, Scrib.: admovere aliquod auxilium, Cels.: egere auxilio, Cels.: opus est auxilio, Cels. – b) Plur. auxilia als milit. t. t., α) militär. Hilfsmittel = Streitkräfte, Militärmacht, auxilia infirma, Caes.: magna equitatus, Auct. b. Afr.: equestria, Auct. b. Afr.: equitum peditumque, Caes.: contrahere undique auxilia, Iustin. – β) Hilfstruppen, Hilfsvölker (Ggstz. legiones, copiae [eigene Streitkräfte]), auxilia et suppetiae, Plaut.: auxilia barbara, Caes.: levis armaturae, Hirt. b. G.: peditum, peditatus equitatusque, Caes.: ab sociis auxilia arcessere, Sall.: auxilia ex Britannia arcessere, Caes.: auxilia cogere, Verg.: auxilia comparare, Cic.: mittere alci auxilia, Cic. – im Ggstz. zu equitatus u. equites = Hilfstruppen zu Fuß, auxilia equitatumque comparare, Caes.: magnos equitatus magnaque auxilia exspectare, Caes.: equites auxiliaque barbaris omnibus imperare, Caes.
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23 commeatus
commeātus, ūs, m. (commeo), I) das ungehinderte Gehen, das Gehen und Kommen, der freie Durchgang, der freie Verkehr, in eo conclavi ego perfodi parietem, quā commeatus clam esset hinc huc mulieri, Plaut. mil. 142: nimis beat, quod commeatus transtinet trans parietem, ibid. 468: per hortum utroque commeatus convenit, Plaut. Stich. 452: medium parietem perfodit servus, commeatus clanculum quā foret amantum, Plaut. mil. argum. II, 10: si viae publicae exemptus commeatus sit, vel via coartata, Ulp. dig. 43, 8, 2. § 25. – v. lebl. Subjj., si fauces commeatum liquidae vocis exercent, die Stimme frei u. ungehindert herauslassen, Pallad. 1, 3. – II) meton., a) die Erlaubnis, ungehindert zu gehen, der Urlaub, bes. der Militärpers., commeatum petere, Vell.: tridui commeatum petere ab alqo, Hyg.: commeatum accipere, Plin. ep.: commeatum sumere, Liv.: alci commeatum dare, Liv.: alci commeatum indulgere, Plin. ep. u. Hyg. (u. amatoriae militiae brevem commeatum indulgere, Apul.): alqm in commeatum mittere, Liv.: in commeatu esse, Liv.: commeatu abesse, mitll., Suet.: ultra commeatum abesse, ICt.: secum eum tum frequentem ad signa sine ullo commeatu (ohne irgend Urlaub zu nehmen) fuisse, Liv.: sine commeatu Italiā excedere, Suet.: ad commeatus diem non venire, non adesse, an dem Tage, wo der U. zu Ende ist, Cornif. rhet. u. Quint.: commeatum alci propagare, Suet.: sine commeatibus dilabi, Liv.: cum commeatu Syracusis remanere, Cic.: a commeatu castra repetere, Suet.: satis liberi commeatus erant, primoribus tamen magis quam militibus, U. wurde ziemlich leicht gegeben, jedoch mehr den V. als den S., Liv. 1, 57, 4. – v. lebl. Subjj., im Bilde, longum mihi commeatum dederat mala valetudo; repente me invasit, Sen. ep. 54, 1: assidua servitus sine intervallo, sine commeatu, Sen. nat. qu. 3. pr. § 16. – übtr., ut sibi vivendi peteret a domino commeatum, Frist, Paulini vita S. Ambros. 45. – b) das Einherziehende od. Kommende, α) die Karawane, der Train, der Transport von Waren u. Menschen, der Warentransport, die Ladung, Sendung zu Lande u. zu Wasser, frequentia negotiatorum et commeatuum, Sall.: Londinium copiā negotiatorum et commeatuum maxime celebre, Tac.: de novo commeatu Neapolin confluxisse, von der eben angekommenen Handelsflotte, Suet. – v. Menschen, duobus commeatibus exercitum reportare, Caes.: secundum commeatum in Africam mittere ad Caesarem, Auct. b. Afr.: per omnem nostrum commeatum (Karawane) morsibus ambulare (v. Hunden), Apul. – β) die Zufuhr aller Art, bes. Proviant, Mundvorrat, c. largus, Curt.: commeatus maritimi, Liv., od. marini, Iustin.: commeatūs inopia, Frontin.: commeatuum penuria, Curt.: commeatus abunde od. affatim, Sall.: c. frumenti, Liv.: frumentum ac commeatus od. commeatusque, res frumentaria commeatusque, und der übrige Pr., Caes. (s. Kraner Caes. b. G. 1, 39, 1): commeatibus abundare, Frontin.: commeatum od. commeatus parare, Liv. u. Sall.: commeatum praeparare, Liv.: commeatus accipere, Liv.: commeatus arcessere, Liv.: commeatum convehere, advehere, Liv.: commeatus eo pervehere, Liv.: commeatus ex montibus invehere, ex Samnio subvehere, Liv.: commeatum portare, Sall.: commeatus ab urbe in castra portare, Liv.: supportare frumentum commeatumque ex Sequanis et Aeduis, Caes.: commeatus exercitui alcis subministrare, Frontin.: petere commeatum, Caes.: alqm commeatu prohibere, Caes.: nostros commeatibus intercludere, Caes.: alqm frumento commeatuque intercludere, Caes.: alqm commeatu et reliquis copiis intercludere, Cic.: alci commeatum intercludere, Plaut.: urbem omni commeatu privare, Nep.: commeatus excipere od. intercipere, Liv. – scherzh., in commeatum argentarium proficisci, auf Gewinn von Geldgeschäften ausgehen, Plaut. Pseud. 424. – γ) das Gepäck des Heeres, Suet. Tib. 18, 1. – δ) die Reiseequipage, commeatus per municipia et colonias disponere, Relais legen, Suet. Tib. 38.
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24 peto
peto, īvī u. iī, ītum, ere (altind. pátati, fliegt, griech. πέτομαι), nach etw. langen, reichen, I) im allg.: 1) eig.: a) m. der Hand usw. nach etw. langen, reichen, greifen, amicum Ilionea petit dextrā, laevāque Serestum, langt nach s. Fr. J. mit der R., d.i. bietet ihm die Rechte, Verg.: collum alcis amplexu, jmdm. um den Hals fallen, Cael. b. Quint. – b) mit einem Werkzeuge nach etw. od. jmd. zielen, werfen, schlagen, stoßen, hauen, α) übh.: adducto constitit arcu alta petens, Verg.: aëra disco, Hor.: alqm telis, Liv. u. Ov.: alqm malo (Apfel), Verg., saxis, Ov.: vultus alcis unguibus, ins Gesicht fahren, Hor.: alci genas ungue, Ov.: cornu petit (taurus), Verg.: morsu petunt (canes), beißen, Lucr. – β) als t. t. der Fechterspr., nach jmd. oder einem Körperteile einen Hieb od. Stoß führen, nach jmd. hauen, stechen, stoßen, jmdm. zu Leibe gehen, jmd. angreifen, anfallen, alqm, alcis latus, caput, collum u. dgl., Cic. u.a. (s. Benecke Cic. Cat. 1, 11): absol., petere vehementer (Ggstz. vitare [parieren] caute), Cic.: undique ex insidiis barbari a fronte ab tergo coorti comminus eminus petunt, Liv. – übtr., v. lebl. Subjj., cuius latus mucro ille petebat, Cic. – c) vermittelst der Füße od. sonstiger Bewegung, α) einen Ort aufsuchen, nach einem Orte hingehen, hineilen, auf einen Ort zureisen, tentoria gressu, Sil.: Dyrrhachium, Cic.: non castra, sed naves, Nep.: loca calidiora (v. den Kranichen), Cic.: caelum pennis, emporfliegen zum usw., Ov.: demersis rostris aequora ima, fahren unter usw., Verg.: Graiis Phasi petite, von Griechen besuchter Ph., Ov. – übtr., v. lebl. Subjj., campum petit amnis, ergießt sich nach der E., Verg.: mons petit astra, ragt gegen die St., Ov.: polygala altitudinem palmi petit, wächst empor zur usw., Plin. – β) zu jmd. hingehen, jmdm. nahen, ut te supplex peterem, Verg. Aen. 6, 115. – γ) eine Richtung, einen Weg nehmen, ergreifen, einschlagen, iter a Vibone Brundisium terrā petere contendi, Cic.: celeri per aethera lapsu diversas p. vias, Val. Flacc.: alium cursum p., Cic.: aliam in partem fugam, Caes. – 2) übtr., a) jmd. bittend angehen, vos volo, vos peto atque obsecro, Plaut. Curc. 148. – m. folg. ut u. Konj., eum petit litteris, ut ad Britanniam proficisceretur, Capit. Pert. 3, 5: u. so Eutr. 2, 24. Ps. Quint. decl. 9, 2. – b) (v. der Fechterspr. übtr.) jmdm. feindl. gleichs. zu Leibe gehen, ihn angreifen, bedrohen, gegen jmd. vorgehen, quotiescumque me petisti, per me tibi obstiti, Cic.: qui me epistulā petivit, ad te comminus accessit, Cic.: u. so p. alqm fraude et insidiis, Liv.: alqm falsis maiestatis criminibus, Tac. – u. etw. feindlich bedrohen, armis patriam, Vell.: bello urbem, Verg.: non iniustis vindiciis alienos fundos, sed castris, exercitu, signis inferendis, Cic. – u. bildl., auf jmd. zielen = jmdm. gelten, Troianos monstra petunt, Verg. Aen. 9, 128. – c) etwas verlangen, begehren, fordern, um etw. ersuchen, auf etw. Anspruch machen, bittweise = um etw. bitten, etw. erbitten, α) übh.: alcis vitam, Cic.: sui laboris praemia, Caes.: partem praedae, Tac.: opem ab alqo, Cic.: pacem a Romanis, Caes.: poenas ab alqo, Cic.: vitam nocenti, Tac.: alci tribunatum ab alqo, Cic.: ab alqo de alqa re, Brut. ep. ad Cic. – m. dopp. Acc., Iphicratem ab Atheniensibus ducem (zum F.), Nep.: quod iam te petit ista, Ov. – sehr oft mit folg. ut u. Konj., peto quaesoque, ut etc., Cic.: peto a te, vel, si pateris, oro, ut etc., Cic.: p. precibus per litteras ab alqo, ut etc., Cic.: selten p. de alqo, ut etc., Ulp. dig.: petito (Abl. absol.), ut etc., Iustin. 43, 5. § 5: m. bl. Coniunctiv, abs te peto, efficias, ut etc., Cic.: simul ab Gneo Pompeio consule petit, quos ex Cisalpina Gallia consules sacramento rogasset, ad signa convenire et ad se proficisci iuberet, Caes.: petit, exscribendas pingendasque (imagines) delegem, Plin. ep. – m. folg. ne u. Konj., quod ne facias, peto a te, Caes. in Cic. ep.: peto a te, ne me putes oblivione tui rarius ad te scribere, quam solebam, Cic.: unum petere ac deprecari, ne se armis despoliaret, Caes.: peto et oro, ne... faciatis, Petron. – m. folg. Infin., arma petebat ferre, Stat. Ach. 1, 352: m. folg. Acc. u. Infin. Pass., quom quid cupienter dari petimus nobis, Plaut. Pseud. 684 G.: cum peteret (solum) donari quasi proprio suo ac peculiari deo, Suet. Aug. 5: petit aes sibi dari 'εἰς ἄρτους', Gell. 9, 2, 1: quod hominem avarum creari consulem peteret, Gell. 4, 8, 5: petiit dari sibi responsum, Hyg. fab. 32. – übtr., v. lebl. Subjj., quantum res petit, erfordert, Cic. – β) zum Liebesgenuß begehren, quae vir tuus petet, cave ne neges, Ov.: p. concubitum filii, Iustin.: de virgine adeo foede ad libidinem petita, Liv. 3, 51, 7. – γ) einen Kaufpreis verlangen, fordern, libros tres reliquos mercatur nihilo minore pretio, quam quod erat petitum pro omnibus, Gell. 1, 19, 8. – δ) als gerichtl. t. t., αα) vor Gericht, beim Prätor usw. etw. fordern, um etw. nachsuchen, hereditatis possessionem, Cic.: hereditatem, ICt.: accusationem in alqm, Quint.: curatorem alci, ICt. – ββ) wegen etw. Anspruch erheben, auf etw. klagen, klagbar werden, p. certam pecuniam numeratam, ICt. – gew. absol., p. ab alqo, Cic.: p. sibi soli, Cic.: p. ex testamento, ICt.: is unde od. a quo petitur, der Beklagte (Ggstz. is qui petit = petitor, der Kläger), Varro LL., Cic., Gell. u. ICt. – γγ) jmd. zur Bestrafung belangen, alqm in vincula, Quint.: alqm ad supplicium, Quint. – ε) um etw. od. jmd. anhalten, sich bewerben, αα) als publiz. t. t., um ein Amt, consulatum, praeturam, Cic.: M. Curtio (für M.) tribunatum ab alqo, Cic.: in unum locum, sich um eine Stelle bewerben, Liv.: absol., ii qui nunc petunt, Cic.: multi et potentes petebant, Liv. – Partiz. subst., petēns, der Bewerber, laticlavii gratiā petens, Gaius dig. 24, 1, 42. – ββ) um ein Mädchen, multi illam petiere, Ov.: virginem plebeii generis petiere iuvenes, Liv. – ζ) zum od. zur Geliebten begehren, um jmd. buhlen, ut Sempronia viros saepius peteret quam peteretur, Sall.: cum te tam multi peterent, tu me una petisti, Prop.: dumque petit petitur, pariterque accendit et ardet, Ov. – d) suchen, aufsuchen, α) übh.: principio sedes apibus statioque petenda, Verg. georg. 4, 8. – β) = nach etw. trachten, streben (Ggstz. vitare, fugere), salutem fugā, Nep.; vgl. hic praedam pedibus petit, ille salutem, Ov.: mortem, Cic.: sapientiam (Ggstz. vitare stultitiam), Cic.: quo minus gloriam petebat, eo magis sequebatur, Sall.: sanguinis profusio vel fortuita vel petita, gesuchte, beabsichtigte, Cels. – m. folg. Infin., Lucr. 3, 86. Verg. Aen. 7, 96. Hor. ep. 1, 11, 29. Ov. met. 8, 421; 14, 571.
II) prägn., langend holen, 1) eig.: a) wegholen, abholen, herholen, Tartareum ille manu custodem in vincula petivit ipsius a solio regis, Verg.: p. cibum e flamma, Ter. – teli sumendi aut petendi causā, aufzunehmen od. (auf feindl. Seite) zu holen, Liv.: Caninio dixi, ei me daturum aliquid; mane ut peteret, rogavi, Cic.: cuius adventu certiores facti petiverunt (sc. pecuniam), Cic. – u. p. alqd in alqm locum od. ad alqm, etw. irgendwo od. bei jmd. holen, in extremam Italiam Brundisium ostreas, Plin.: vimina in collem, Plin.: murram ad Troglodytas, Plin. – b) holen = heraufholen, suspirium alte, Plaut.: gemitus alto de corde, Ov.: latere imo spiritum, Hor. – 2) übtr.: p. alqd a Graecis, Cic.: a litteris exiguam doloris oblivionem, Cic.: praesidium ex alcis benevolentia, Cic.: p. initium rei demonstrandae altius, Cic. – / Perf. zuw. peti = petii, Sen. Med. 248 u. Herc. Oet. 1843. Stat. Theb. 1, 62: petīt = petiit, Verg. Aen. 9, 9. Ov. met. 5, 460; fast. 1, 109. Capit. Pertin. 3, 5; vgl. Georges, Lexik. der lat. Wortf. S. 520.
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25 eindringen
eindringen, penetrare. intrare (beide auch uneig., v. Eindringen in die Gemüter, v. Eindringen mit dem Verstand in eine Sache). – invadere (eig., sowohl in den Feind als in eine Stadt, einen Hafen etc.; auch uneig., v. Eindrin, gen eines Übels etc.); alle drei mit bl. Akk. od. mit in u. Akk. – se insinuare (gleichs. sich einwinden = unvermerkt eindringen). – irruere. irrumpere (einbrechen, mit Heftigkeit u. Gewalt eindringen). – immitti. transmitti (ein-, Licht, lumen immissum; lux transmissa). – perrumpere (mit Überwindung aller Hindernisse bis zu einem Punkte durchdringen); alle diese m. folg. in u. Akk. – descendere (gleichs. [670] hinabsteigen, hinabdringen, von Dingen, z.B. ferrum haud alte in corpus descendit; dann übtr., vom Eindringen in das Gemüt etc., z.B. hoc verbum in pectus eius alte descendit: u. metus deorum [Gottesfurcht] descendit ad animos). – petere alqm (auf jmd. losgehen übh., bes. mit Waffen). – instare alci (jmd. hart bedrängen, sowohl mit Worten, Bitten etc. als mit Waffen). – oppugnare alqm (mit Bitten auf jmd. einstürmen). – ei. lassen, s. einlassen. – mit dem Schwerte auf jmd. ei., alqm petere ferro. – in ein Land ei., terram invadere; in terram irruptionem facere (einen Einfall tun); in terram infundi od. influere (in ein Land sich ergießen, strömen, v. großen Haufen): in das Land der Feinde ei., copias in fines hostium introducere; impressionem facere in fines hostium: tiefer in das Land, in das Innere des Landes ei., interiora alcis terrae adire; interiorem alcis terrae partem petere: in den Feind ei., in hostes irrumpere, irruere, impressionem facere. – – es dringt etwas bei jmd. ein (es macht Eindruck auf ihn), ferit alqd alcis animum: nichts dringt mehr (tiefer) in die Gemüter ein, nulla res magis penetrat in animos. – eindringend, s. bes. – Eindringen, das, irruptio. – impressio (mit dem Nbbegr. des Nachgebens von seiten der Feinde). – eindringend, acutus (scharfsinnig, v. Verstand). – subtīlis (sein unterscheidend, von einer Untersuchung). Vgl. »eindringlich«. – ein ei. Verstand, ingenium acutum; ingenii acumen: ei. Beweise, magna documenta.
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26 fliehen
fliehen, I) v. intr.fugere, absol. od. ab, ex loco. – profugere, absol. od. ex loco, in locum (fortfliehen, fliehend sich fortbegeben). – fugam petere, capere, capessere (die Flucht ergreifen). – fugae se mandare, se committere. in fugam se dare, se conferre od. (eilig) in fugam se conicere (sich auf die Flucht begeben). – fugā se recipere ad alqm (zu jmd. flüchten). – terga vertere (den Rücken wenden, bes. von Soldaten). – in fugam effundi od. se effundere (sich in die Flucht ergießen, von einer großen Menge). – in fuga esse (auf der Flucht begriffen sein). – diffugere (der eine dahin, der andere dorthin fliehen, auseinanderstieben, von mehreren). – die königlichen Bedienten fliehen, fit fuga regis apparitorum: sogleich flieht man (flieht alles), statim fuga fit: man floh an allen Orten, fuga passim fieri coepta est. – zuerst s., initium fugae facere: über Hals und Kopf s., praecipitem sese mandare fugae: wohin. s., fuga petere alqd (z.B. auf einen Baum, arborem: ins Lager, castra); confugere od. fugam capessere alqo: nach einer andern Seite hin s., fugam petere in aliam partem: zu jmd. s., confugere od. profugere ad alqm (um Schutz zu suchen); transfugere ad alqm (als Überläufer): vor jmd. s., fugere alqm: vor etwas, fugere, refugere alqd. Vgl. »entfliehen«. – II) v. tr.fugere, defugere (dem, was schon gegenwärtig ist, zu entrinnen suchen). – vitare. devitare. evitare (meiden, dem, was kommen will, aus dem Wege gehen). – jmd. fliehen, alcis aditum sermonemque defugere. – Fliehen, das, fuga (Flucht, auch uneig., Sucht zu vermeiden, z.B. aller Anstrengung, laboris). – vitatio. devitatio (das Vermeiden).
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27 Heil [2]
Heil, das, salus (der Zustand des Unversehrt-, des Gerettetseins, die Existenz; meton. auch = Erretter, Heiland). – utilitas (Vorteil, der aus etwas hervorgeht, z.B. etiamsi nulla est [erwächst] utilitas ex amicitia, tamen etc.). – sein H. jmdm. anvertrauen, salutem suam alci committere: H. suchen bei jmd., salutem petere ab alqo: sein H. in der Flucht suchen, salutem fugā petere od. petere intendere; in fuga sibipraesidium ponere: sein H. versuchen, fortunam experiri oder tentare: es war zu seinem H., daß etc., saluti fuit, quod etc. – Heil dir! o te felicem! praeclare tecum agitur!: H. dem Herrscher u. der Herrscherin! domino et dominae feliciter!: H. dem Manne, der etc., beatus ille, qui etc.
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28 reisen
reisen, proficisci (sich auf den Weg machen, abreisen). – iter facere (eine Reise machen). – peregrinationes suscipere (Reisen ins Ausland unternehmen). – peregrinari. peregrinatum abesse (auf Reisen im Ausland sein). – migrare (fortwandern, fortziehen, z.B. ex urbe rus: u. seine Straße ziehen, z.B. ex commodo). – mit jmd. in Gesellschaft r., cum alqo commune iter peragere: nach einem Orte r., proficisci, tendere, contendere alqo; petere alqm locum: auf kurze Zeit aufs Land r., excurrere rus (bes. zum Vergnügen): zu Lande r., terrā iter facere: zu L. wohin r., terrestri od. pedestri itinere contendere alqo od. petere alqm locum; terrā petere alqm locum (von einem Orte aus, ab alqo loco): zur See r., navigar*: weder zur See noch zu Lande zu reisen wagen, neque navigationi neque viae se committere: Tag und Nacht r., diem noctemque od. nocte ac die continuare iter: Tag und Nacht nach einem Orte r., diurnis nocturnisque itineribus contendere alqo: durch einen Ort r., iter facere per alqm locum; transire per alqm locum: sehr schnell durch ein Land r., ingenti celeritate regionem percurrere: an einem Orte hin, vor einem Orte vorbei r., praeter alqm locum transire; alqm locum praeterire: über einen Berg r., montem transire od. superare: über einen Fluß r., s. übersetzen über etc.: weiter r., ire pergere: gern r., peregrinatorem esse.
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29 Rettung
Rettung, I) das Retten: conservatio (als Handlung). – auxilium (die gebrachte Hilfe). – auch durch Umschr. mit servare, conservare, z.B. für die R. seiner Person jmdm. große Versprechungen machen, multa polliceri, si se conservasset. – II) das Gerettetwerden: salus. – jmdm. R. bringen, alci salutem afferre od dare; alci saluti esse (jmdm. zum [1962] Heile, zur Erhaltung dienen, z.B. eius mors saluti plurimis fuit): R. suchen, salutem petere; ad salutem contendere; saluti suae consulere (auf seine R. bedacht sein): wo R. suchen, confugere alqo (z.B. in aram); fugā petere alqd (fliehend wohin zu gelangen suchen, z.B. arborem). – R. in der Flucht suchen, fugā salutem petere; praesidium in fuga ponere: saluti suae fugā consulere: seine R. ermöglichen, bewerkstelligen, salutem expedire (so auch: seine R. durch die Flucht von ba, inde fugam sibi expedire): einen Weg zur R. finden, salutem sibi reperire: an jmds. R. verzweifeln, desperare alqm od. alcis salutem od. alcis sa luti: die Ärzte geben seine R. auf, omnes medici diffidunt; a medicis desertus est.
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30 suchen
suchen, I) aufsuchen: quaerere (auch, wie unser »suchen« = vergebens nach etwas suchen, sich umsehen, etwas vermissen). – vestigare. investigare (den Fußtapfen, der Spur nachgehen, nachspüren). – indagare (aufsuchen, [2253] ausspüren, eig. von Jagdhunden, dann übtr. auch von Menschen). – vestigia alcis sequi od. persequi (jmds. Fußtapfen nachgehen, um ihn aufzufinden). – II) sich bemühen, etwas zu erlangen: quaerere (zu erwerben, zu verschaffen suchen, z.B. victum: u. alci honores; dann = etw. ausfindig zu machen suchen, auf etwas bedacht sein, z.B. fugam: u. causam seditionis). – petere. appetere (nach etwas trachten, sich Mühe geben, etwas zu erhalten, z.B. munus petere: u. mortem ardenti studio pet.: u. salutem pet. ab alqo [bei jmd.]: u. alcis amicitiam app.). – expetere (nach etwas vorzugsweise, also desto heftiger trachten, z.B. divitias: u. mortem: u. fons expetitus navigantibus [von Seefahrern]). – sequi (einer Sache nachgehen, sie zu erlangen suchen, z.B. alcis amicitiam). – persequi (mit Ausdauer eine Sache bis ans Ende verfolgen, z.B. ius suum). – sectari. consectari (mit Eifer einer Sache nachgehen, z.B. praedam, commoda sect.: u. opes aut potentiam, benevolentiam alcis consect.). – captare (nach etwas haschen, auf etw. lauern, z.B. plausus: u. occasionem). – aucupari (durch List etwas zu bekommen suchen, z.B. assentatiunculā quādam alcis gratiam). – studere alci rei (nach etwas streben, z.B. pecuniae: u. novis rebus). – servire alci rei (sich etw. angelegen sein lassen, z.B. alcis utilitati). – etw. bei jmd. s., petere alqd ab alqo (z.B. auxilium): etw. für jmd. s., alci prospicere alqd (z.B. filiae maritum). – etw. in etw. s., alqd in alqa re putare esse (glauben, daß etw. in etw. bestehe, z.B. in animo, non in patrimonio, putare esse divitias). – suchen zu etc., studere mit Infin. (streben, begierig sein). – operam dare mit folg. ut etc. (Mühe anwenden). – conari m. Infin. (Anstrengungen machen zu etc.). – intendere m. Infin. (alle Kräfte anspannen, um zu etc., z.B. hunc locum capere). – cupere m. Infin. (begehren, wünschen). – etw. zu bewerkstelligen suchen, auctorem esse alcis rei (z.B. pacis reddendaeque Helenae). – Wird durch »suchen« der bloße Versuch der Handlung angedeutet, während diese selbst nicht zur Ausführung kommt, so wird es im Latein. durch das bloße Präsens od. Imperfektum des dabei stehenden Verbums angedeutet, wie Quint. 10, 1, 31: ideoque et verbis remotioribus et liberioribus figuris narrandi taedium evitat, er sucht zu verhüten; od. Cic. pro Lig. 24: veniebatis in Africam, ihr suchtet nach Afrika zu kommen.
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31 Verzeihung
Verzeihung, ignoscendi ratio (die Rücksichtnahme auf das Verzeihen, s. Cic. Rosc. Am. 3). – venia (die gefällige, gnädige Nachsicht aus Schonung oder Großmut). – poenae remissio. poenae meritae remissio (Erlassung der Strafe). – zur V. (zum Verzeihen) geneigt, promptus veniae dandae: mehr zur V. (zum V.) geneigt, promptior veniae dandae. – um V. bitten, veniam ignoscendi petere; postulare, ut sibi ignoscatur: jmd., postulare, ut ignoscat alqs; alci satis facere (durch Abbitte Genugtuung geben): wegen etwas um V. bitten, alcis rei od. alci rei veniam petere: jmd. wegen etwas, ab alqo petere od. alqm orare, ut ignoscat alqd: jmdm. V. angedeihen lassen, s. verzeihen: V. erlangen von jmd., ab alqo impetrare veniam, wegen etwas, alcis rei.
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32 calx
[st1]1 [-] calx, calcis, f.: - masc. dans Gratt. 278; v. Charis. 93, 2. a - talon. - pugnis et calcibus uti, Cic. Sull. 71: se servir des poings et des talons [des mains et des pieds]. - calcem terere calce, Virg. En. 5, 324: toucher du talon le talon du rival qui précède [courir sur ses talons, le serrer de très près]. - advorsum stimulum calces, Ter. Phorm. 78 (s.-ent. jactare): regimber contre l'aiguillon [opposer une résistance inutile]. - calcem impingere alicui rei, Petr. 46, 5: donner un coup de pied à qqch, repousser qqch, délaisser qqch. b - pied; coup de pied, ruade. - calces deteris, Plaut.: tu me marches sur les pieds. - nudis calcibus, Juv.: les pieds nus. - a capite ad calcem, Cic.: de la tête aux pieds. - calcibus, Plaut.: à coups de pied. - certare pugnis calcibus unguibus morsu denique, Cic. Tusc. 5: lutter à coups de poing, de pied, avec les ongles, avec les dents enfin. - calce petere aliquem, Hor. S. 2, 1, 55: lancer une ruade à qqn. c - base, support, pied (d'un mât...). - cum sua calce (malleolus avulsus) Plin. 17, 156: rameau (scion) détaché de l'arbre avec son talon [avec le bois adhérent à la base]. - calx mali, Vitr. 10, 3, 5: le pied du mât. d - patin d'escalier. - Vitr. 9, praef. 8. [st1]2 [-] calx, calcis, f.: - [gr]gr. χάλιξ. - masc. très rare: Varr. Men. 288; Cato. Agr. 18, 7 II nom. calcis décad.: Fort. 11, 11, 12; Isid. 16, 3, 10 II plur. calces Greg. Tur. Patr. 2, 4. a - pierre à chaux, craie. - calx viva, Vitr.: chaux vive. - caementa non calce durata erant, Liv. 21, 11, 8: les moellons n'étaient pas assujettis par de la chaux. b - caillou (pour jouer), pièce, pion. - calcem ciere, Plaut.: déplacer (bouger) une pièce. c - ligne tracée à la chaux au bout de la carrière; but, terme, fin. - a calce ad carceres revocari, Cic.: revenir du bout de la carrière au point de départ. - video calcem, ad quam nihil sit praeterea extimescendum, Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 15: je vois (pour la vie) un terme au-delà duquel on ne doit rien redouter. - Cic. Rep. frg. 7; Quint. 8, 5, 30; Gell. 14, 3, 10. - extra calcem decurrere, Amm. 21, 1, 14: sortir de son sujet, faire une digression.* * *[st1]1 [-] calx, calcis, f.: - masc. dans Gratt. 278; v. Charis. 93, 2. a - talon. - pugnis et calcibus uti, Cic. Sull. 71: se servir des poings et des talons [des mains et des pieds]. - calcem terere calce, Virg. En. 5, 324: toucher du talon le talon du rival qui précède [courir sur ses talons, le serrer de très près]. - advorsum stimulum calces, Ter. Phorm. 78 (s.-ent. jactare): regimber contre l'aiguillon [opposer une résistance inutile]. - calcem impingere alicui rei, Petr. 46, 5: donner un coup de pied à qqch, repousser qqch, délaisser qqch. b - pied; coup de pied, ruade. - calces deteris, Plaut.: tu me marches sur les pieds. - nudis calcibus, Juv.: les pieds nus. - a capite ad calcem, Cic.: de la tête aux pieds. - calcibus, Plaut.: à coups de pied. - certare pugnis calcibus unguibus morsu denique, Cic. Tusc. 5: lutter à coups de poing, de pied, avec les ongles, avec les dents enfin. - calce petere aliquem, Hor. S. 2, 1, 55: lancer une ruade à qqn. c - base, support, pied (d'un mât...). - cum sua calce (malleolus avulsus) Plin. 17, 156: rameau (scion) détaché de l'arbre avec son talon [avec le bois adhérent à la base]. - calx mali, Vitr. 10, 3, 5: le pied du mât. d - patin d'escalier. - Vitr. 9, praef. 8. [st1]2 [-] calx, calcis, f.: - [gr]gr. χάλιξ. - masc. très rare: Varr. Men. 288; Cato. Agr. 18, 7 II nom. calcis décad.: Fort. 11, 11, 12; Isid. 16, 3, 10 II plur. calces Greg. Tur. Patr. 2, 4. a - pierre à chaux, craie. - calx viva, Vitr.: chaux vive. - caementa non calce durata erant, Liv. 21, 11, 8: les moellons n'étaient pas assujettis par de la chaux. b - caillou (pour jouer), pièce, pion. - calcem ciere, Plaut.: déplacer (bouger) une pièce. c - ligne tracée à la chaux au bout de la carrière; but, terme, fin. - a calce ad carceres revocari, Cic.: revenir du bout de la carrière au point de départ. - video calcem, ad quam nihil sit praeterea extimescendum, Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 15: je vois (pour la vie) un terme au-delà duquel on ne doit rien redouter. - Cic. Rep. frg. 7; Quint. 8, 5, 30; Gell. 14, 3, 10. - extra calcem decurrere, Amm. 21, 1, 14: sortir de son sujet, faire une digression.* * *I.Calx, calcis, m. g. et foe. Plaut. Le dessoubz du talon, Le talon.\A capite vsque ad calcem. Erasmus. Depuis la teste jusques au talon, Depuis le hault jusques au bas, Depuis le commencement jusques à la fin.\A calce ad carceres. Cic. De la fin au commencement.\Ferrata calx. Sill. Talon esperonné.\Concisus pugnis et calcibus. Cic. Bien batu, et tout desrompu à coups de poings et de pieds.\Cruentare equum ferrata calce. Tant donner de coups d'esperons au cheval qu'il en saigne.\Petere calce. Horat. Frapper du pied, ou du talon, Regimber.\Pulsa calce. Sill. Poulser, Frapper.\Verberare auras calcibus. Virg. Quand un cheval se dresse, et bat des pieds en l'air.\Vti pugnis et calcibus. Cic. Frapper des poings et des pieds.\Calces. Terent. Regimbement, Coups de pied.\Accipe calcem. Iuuenalis. Tien, tu auras ce coup de pied.\Calx. Cic. Le bout de quelque chose.II.Calx, calcis, foeminini tantum generis. Plin. De la chaulx. -
33 fuga
fŭga, ae, f. - gén. sing. fugaï, Lucr. 1, 1047; 4, 713. - [gr]gr. ϕυγή. [st1]1 [-] action de fuire, fuite; évasion. - fuga ab urbe turpissima, Cic. Att. 7, 21, 1: une fuite si honteuse loin de la ville. - desperata fuga, Cic. Phil. 5, 30: fuite désespérée. - in fugam sese dare, Cic. Verr. 4, 95: prendre la fuite. - in fugam se conferre, Cic. Caec. 22: prendre la fuite. - in fugam se conjicere, Cic. Cael. 63: prendre la fuite. - ad capiendam fugam impedire, Caes. BG. 7, 26, 3: empêcher de prendre la fuite. - aliam in partem fugam petere, Caes. BG. 2, 24, 1: s'enfuir dans une autre direction. - fugae sese mandare, Caes. BG. 2, 24, 2: chercher son salut dans la fuite. - aliquem in fugam dare (conjicere, convertere, impellere): mettre qqn en fuite. - fugā se ad aliquem recipere, Caes.: se réfugier auprès de qqn. - esse in fuga, Cic. Att. 7, 23, 2 ; 7, 24: être en fuite. - fugam dare, Virg. En. 12, 368: fuir. - fugam facere = fugere: fuir (Ter. Eun. 787; Sall. J. 53, 3 ; Liv. 8, 9, 12). - fugam facere = fugare: mettre en fuite (Liv. 21, 5, 16 ; 21, 52, 10; etc.). - fugas facere, Cic. Dom. 67, mettre souvent en fuite. - fugam factam esse constat, Cic. Caec. 43: c'est un fait qu'il y a eu fuite. - fugae servorum, Hor.: évasions d'esclaves. - plane fugae merae, Petr. 45: c'étaient de vrais capons! [st1]2 [-] éloignement, exil, bannissement. - quoties fugas et caedes jussit princeps, Tac. An. 14, 64: toutes les fois que le prince ordonna des exils et des massacres. - Cic. Off. 2, 20; Rep. 1, 6; etc. ; Tac. H. 5, 24. [st1]3 [-] lieu d'exil. - Ov. H. 6, 158; Ov. P. 1, 2, 130. [st1]4 [-] course rapide, voyage rapide. - fugam dare, Virg. En. 7, 24: accélérer la course (de qqn). - cf. Virg. En 1, 317; 4, 430; Juv. 8, 61. - fuga temporum, Hor. O. 3, 30, 5: la fuite des temps. [st1]5 [-] action d'éviter, aversion, crainte. - fuga laboris, Cic.: aversion pour le travail. - laborum et dolorum fuga, Cic. Fin. 1, 33: la fuite des fatigues et des douleurs. - cf. Cic. Mur. 9 ; etc. fl [avec a] Sen. Ep. 121, 20. [st1]6 [-] moyen d'éviter, échappatoire. - nulla fuga meis male factis, Plaut.: je ne vois aucun moyen d'excuser mes fautes. - fuga leti, Hor. S. 2, 6, 95: moyen d'échapper à la mort. - nulla fuga est capto, Ov. M. 6: on ne peut échapper une fois pris.* * *fŭga, ae, f. - gén. sing. fugaï, Lucr. 1, 1047; 4, 713. - [gr]gr. ϕυγή. [st1]1 [-] action de fuire, fuite; évasion. - fuga ab urbe turpissima, Cic. Att. 7, 21, 1: une fuite si honteuse loin de la ville. - desperata fuga, Cic. Phil. 5, 30: fuite désespérée. - in fugam sese dare, Cic. Verr. 4, 95: prendre la fuite. - in fugam se conferre, Cic. Caec. 22: prendre la fuite. - in fugam se conjicere, Cic. Cael. 63: prendre la fuite. - ad capiendam fugam impedire, Caes. BG. 7, 26, 3: empêcher de prendre la fuite. - aliam in partem fugam petere, Caes. BG. 2, 24, 1: s'enfuir dans une autre direction. - fugae sese mandare, Caes. BG. 2, 24, 2: chercher son salut dans la fuite. - aliquem in fugam dare (conjicere, convertere, impellere): mettre qqn en fuite. - fugā se ad aliquem recipere, Caes.: se réfugier auprès de qqn. - esse in fuga, Cic. Att. 7, 23, 2 ; 7, 24: être en fuite. - fugam dare, Virg. En. 12, 368: fuir. - fugam facere = fugere: fuir (Ter. Eun. 787; Sall. J. 53, 3 ; Liv. 8, 9, 12). - fugam facere = fugare: mettre en fuite (Liv. 21, 5, 16 ; 21, 52, 10; etc.). - fugas facere, Cic. Dom. 67, mettre souvent en fuite. - fugam factam esse constat, Cic. Caec. 43: c'est un fait qu'il y a eu fuite. - fugae servorum, Hor.: évasions d'esclaves. - plane fugae merae, Petr. 45: c'étaient de vrais capons! [st1]2 [-] éloignement, exil, bannissement. - quoties fugas et caedes jussit princeps, Tac. An. 14, 64: toutes les fois que le prince ordonna des exils et des massacres. - Cic. Off. 2, 20; Rep. 1, 6; etc. ; Tac. H. 5, 24. [st1]3 [-] lieu d'exil. - Ov. H. 6, 158; Ov. P. 1, 2, 130. [st1]4 [-] course rapide, voyage rapide. - fugam dare, Virg. En. 7, 24: accélérer la course (de qqn). - cf. Virg. En 1, 317; 4, 430; Juv. 8, 61. - fuga temporum, Hor. O. 3, 30, 5: la fuite des temps. [st1]5 [-] action d'éviter, aversion, crainte. - fuga laboris, Cic.: aversion pour le travail. - laborum et dolorum fuga, Cic. Fin. 1, 33: la fuite des fatigues et des douleurs. - cf. Cic. Mur. 9 ; etc. fl [avec a] Sen. Ep. 121, 20. [st1]6 [-] moyen d'éviter, échappatoire. - nulla fuga meis male factis, Plaut.: je ne vois aucun moyen d'excuser mes fautes. - fuga leti, Hor. S. 2, 6, 95: moyen d'échapper à la mort. - nulla fuga est capto, Ov. M. 6: on ne peut échapper une fois pris.* * *Fuga, fugae. Virgil. Fuite.\Fuga. Cic. Exil, Bannissement.\Fuga. Virgil. Course.\Laboris fuga desidiam coarguit. Cic. Refuyement de travail, Quand on refuit, refuse, et ne veult on travailler.\Fuga nulla malefactis meis. Plaut. Je ne scauroye fuir que je ne soye puni pour mes mesfaicts.\Ardet abire fuga. Virgil. Il brusle d'ardeur de s'enfuir.\Agitare fugam. Virgil. S'enfuir.\Inclusis aperire fugam. Claud. Leur faire voye et ouverture pour s'enfuir.\Aperuit lux fugam hostium. Liu. Quand il fut jour on congneut que les ennemis s'en estoyent fuiz.\Fugam capere. Caesar. S'enfuir, Prendre la fuite, Gaigner au pied.\Conferre se in fugam. Cic. Se mettre en fuite.\Coniicere se in fugam. Cic. S'enfuir.\Consternari in fugam. Liu. S'enfuir en desordre, et comme gens esperduz.\Disiicere aliquos in fugam. Tacit. Les faire fuir ca et là.\Dare sese in fugam. Cic. S'enfuir.\Dare fugam. Virgil. Donner le moyen de s'enfuir et se sauver.\Terga fugae nudant. Virgil. Ils tournent le dos pour s'enfuir.\Petere fugam. Claud. S'enfuir.\Terga praebere fugae. Ouid. Tourner le dos, S'enfuir.\Texuntque fuga et praelia. Virgil. Entrelassent et entremeslent les fuites et les combats, maintenant fuyant, maintenant combatant. -
34 gratia
grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus] - Lebaigue P. 551 et P. 552. [st1]1 [-] agrément, charme, grâce, beauté (poet. et post-class.). - gratia verborum, Quint.: la grâce des expressions. - gratia villae, Plin.: l'agrément d'une villa. - neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13: la grâce ne masque pas son éloquence. - magnae veteribus curae fuit gratiam dicendi, Quint. 9: les anciens mettaient beaucoup de soin à agrémenter leurs discours. - gratia corporis, Suet. Vit. 3: agréments physiques. - gratia in vultu, Quint. 6, pr. 7: grâce dans le visage. - sincera sermonis Attici gratia, Quint. 10, 1, 65: la pure grâce du parler attique. - vinis gratiam affert fumus, Plin. 14, 16: la fumée donne un goût agréable aux vins. [st1]2 [-] faveur, complaisance, obligeance, grâce. - aliquid in beneficii et gratiae causa petere, Cic. Verr. 3, 189: demander qqch comme un bienfait et une grâce. --- cf. Verr. 3, 115. - gratiae causā, Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7: par faveur. - alicui gratiam dare, Ter. Hec. 390: accorder une faveur à qqn. - alicui gratiam dicendi facere, Liv. 3, 41, 4: accorder à qqn la faveur de parler. --- cf. Suet. Aug. 38. - in gratiam alicujus, Liv. 28, 21, 4: pour complaire à qqn. --- cf. Liv. 28, 39, 12 ; 39, 26, 12. - abl. gratiā: pour l'amour de, à cause de [placé après son régime]. - hominum gratiā, Cic. Nat. 2, 158, pour les hommes. - Bruti conservandi gratiā, Cic. Ph. 14, 4: pour sauver Brutus. - si exempli gratiā vir bonus... Cic. Off. 3, 50: si, pour prendre un exemple, un honnête homme... - propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratiā propter voluptatem, Cic. 5, 30: en vue de n'importe quelle autre chose, par exemple, en vue du plaisir. - ea gratia, quod... Sall. J. 54, 4 ; 80, 4: pour ce motif que.... - meā gratiā, Plaut. Bac. 97: à cause de moi. - petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae ut... Verr. 2, 3: on demanda, comme une faveur et une grâce, la permission de... - alicui gratiam dare, Ter. (alicui gratiam facere, Plaut.): accorder une faveur à qqn. - facta Valerio dicendi gratia quae vellet, Liv. 3: on donna à Valérius l'autorisation de dire ce qu'il voulait. [st1]3 [-] remise accordée par complaisance. - alicui jurisjurandi gratiam facere, Plaut. Rud. 1415: faire à qqn remise de son serment, l'en délier. --- cf. Suet. Tib. 35. - gratiam, fecit conjurandi Bononiensibus, Suet. Aug. 17: il dispensa les habitants de Bologne de faire cause commune avec lui. --- cf. Suet. Dom. 14. - de cena facio gratiam, Plaut. Most. 1130: quant au souper, je t'en fais grâce (= non, merci). [st1]4 [-] faveur d'autrui, bonnes grâces, bonne entente, relations amicales, amitié, accord, concorde; indulgence, pardon, grâce. - inire gratiam ab aliquo: gagner l’amitié (la sympathie) de qqn, se concilier les bonnes grâces de qqn. - magnam inire gratiam, Cic. Fin. 4. 31: se mettre en grande faveur (en grand crédit). - gratiam inire ab aliquo, Cic. Verr. 4, 143: se mettre dans les bonnes grâces de qqn. - gratiam inire ad aliquem, Liv. 33, 46, 7 ; apud aliquem, Liv. 36, 5, 3: auprès de qqn. - ab aliquo gratiam inisse quod... Cic.: avoir mérité la faveur de qqn en... - ab aliquo summam gratiam inire, Cic. Att. 7, 9, 3: gagner au plus haut point la faveur de qqn. - in gratiam alicujus venire: trouver grâce auprès de qqn. - gratiam alicujus sequi: rechercher les bonnes grâces de qqn. - componere aliquid cum bona gratia, Ter.: régler une affaire à l'amiable. - alicui delicti gratiam facere, Sall. J. 104, 5: pardonner à qqn une faute. - gratiam alicujus sibi conciliare, Cic. Pomp. 70: se concilier la faveur de qqn. - aliquam bonam gratiam sibi quaerere, Cic. Pomp. 71: rechercher pour soi quelques bonnes grâces avantageuses. - aliquem apud aliquem in maxima gratia ponere, Cic. Att. 5, 11, 6: mettre qqn dans les meilleures grâces de qqn. - plures ineuntur gratiae si... Cic. Br. 209: on se gagne plus souvent la faveur si (on se fait plus d'amis, si...). --- cf. Cic. Mur. 24 ; Agr. 2, 7. - multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione provincia afferre, Cic. Mur. 42: rapporter de sa province avec la meilleure réputation une quantité de bonnes sympathies. - si suam gratiam Romani velint,... Caes. BG. 4, 7, 4: [ils disent] que si les Romains veulent leur amitié. - in gratiam cum aliquo redire, Cic. Att. 1, 14, 7 ; Prov. 20, etc.: renouer des relations d'amitié avec qqn, se réconcilier avec qqn. - restituere aliquem in gratiam cum aliquo, Cic. Prov 23: remettre qqn en amitié avec qqn. --- [reducere Cic. R. P. 19]. - Sallustium restituere in ejus veterem gratiam non potui, Cic. Att. 1, 3, 3: je n'ai pu ramener Sallustius à ses vieilles relations avec lui. - cum aliquo in gratia esse, Fam. 1, 9, 4: être en bons termes avec qqn. - mihi cum illo magna gratia erat, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 20: j'étais en fort bons termes avec lui. - cum bona gratia, cum mala, Ter. Ph. 621: en bonne, en mauvaise intelligence. - istuc quod postulo inpetro cum gratia, Ter. And. 422: ce que je demande, je l'obtiens de bon gré. - per gratiam, Plaut. Mil. 979: de bonne grâce. [st1]5 [-] crédit, pouvoir, influence, popularité. - gratiā plurimum posse, Caes. BG. 1, 9, 3: avoir le plus grand pouvoir par son crédit (être très influent). - cf. Caes. BG. 1, 20, 2 ; 7, 63, 2 ; BC. 2, 44, 1, etc. - Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos, Caes. BG. 2 6, 4: le Rémois Iccius, qui tenait parmi les siens le plus haut rang par sa noblesse et son crédit. - res contra nos faciunt, summa gratia et eloquentia, Cic. Quinct. 1: nous avons comme adversaires le crédit et l'éloquence au plus haut degré. - cf. Cic. Cael. 19 ; Off. 2, 64. - summā gratiā inter suos, Caes.: d'une très grande influence dans son pays. - auctior est gratiā, Caes.: il grandit en influence. - quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat, Liv. 40: ce triomphe, de toute évidence, il le devait plus à son influence qu'à l'importance de ses exploits. - summa apud populum gratia, Cic. Rep 2, 60: la plus grande popularité. - gratia alicujus, Cic Amer. 28: le crédit, l'influence de qqn. - per gratiam contendere, ut... Cic. Verr. pr. 48: faire appel aux influences pour obtenir que... [st1]6 [-] reconnaissance, gratitude, actions de grâces, gré. - gratiae, ārum: marques de reconnaissance, remerciement. - gratias agere alicui, Cic. Phil. 1, 3: adresser des remerciements à qqn. - gratiarum actio, Cic. Fam. 10, 19, 1: adresse (expression) de remerciements. - maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus, Cic. Phil. 3, 25: nous devons tous et vous remercier vivement et éprouver pour vous la plus vive reconnaissance. - gratias habere, Liv. 24, 37, 7: remercier. - alicui gratias agere de re (pro re): rendre grâces à qqn au sujet de qqch, remercier qqn au sujet de qqch. - gratiam habere alicui: savoir gré à qqn, avoir de la reconnaissance pour qqn. - gratiam alicui referre, Cic. Br. 217 ; de Or. 3, 14: témoigner à qqn sa reconnaissance en retour. - praeclaram gratiam alicui referre, Cic. Cat. 1, 28: montrer une belle reconnaissance à qqn. - habere gratiam, Cic. Off. 2, 69: avoir de la reconnaissance. - mais habebo apud posteros gratiam, Sen. Ep. 21, 5: j'aurai la faveur de la postérité. - alicui gratias referre Cic. Planc. 101: donner à qqn des marques (preuves) de reconnaissance. --- cf. Cic. Phil. 3, 39. - gratiam dis persolvere, Cic. Planc. 80: s'acquitter envers les dieux d'une dette de reconnaissance. - alicui pro aliqua re gratias agere, Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16: remercier qqn pour [de] qqch. - alicui in aliqua re gratias agere, Cic. Att. 2. 24. 2: - alicui ob aliquam rem gratias agere: remercier qqn de qqch. --- Liv. 34, 50, 4; Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 2. - est dis gratia, cum... Ter. Ad. 138: il y a à remercier les dieux, du moment que... - dis gratia ! Ter. Ad. 121, dieu merci ! grâce aux dieux ! - gratiast, Plaut. Men. 387: bien obligé ! merci bien ! [st1]7 [-] grātĭā + gén.: à cause de, pour faire plaisir, en faveur de, pour l'amour de, à titre de. - grātĭā + gérond. ou adj. verbal au gén.: en vue de, pour. - verbi gratiā (exempli gratiā): par exemple, à titre d'exemple. - patris gratiā: pour l'amour de la patrie. - meā (tuā, nostrā) gratiā: pour moi (pour toi, pour nous). - surrexit respondendi gratiā: il se leva pour répondre. - pugnat servandae patriae gratiā: il combat pour sauver sa patrie. - consolandi tui gratiā dicent: ils diront pour te consoler. - legatos ad Caesarem sui purgandi gratia mittunt, Caes. BG. 7: ils envoient des députés auprès de César pour se disculper. [st1]8 [-] grātĭīs ou grātīs: sans rétribution, gratuitement, gratis. - si non pretio, at gratiis, Ter. Ad.: sinon contre argent sonnant, du moins gratis. - cave ne gratis hic tibi constet amor ! Ov.: prends garde que cet amour ne te rapporte rien! - is repente, ut Romam venit, gratiis praetor factus est, Cic. Verr. 2, 1: cet homme, à peine arrivé de Rome, le voilà, tout à coup, devenu gratuitement préteur. [st1]9 [-] grâce (de Dieu); charisme. - gratiae tuae deputo et misericordiae tuae, quod peccata mea tamquam glaciem solvisti, Aug. Conf. 2: à votre grâce, à votre miséricorde je rapporte d’avoir fondu la glace de mes péchés. - prophetarum gratia, Ambr. de Off. 1, 1, 2: le charisme des prophètes. [st1]10 [-] grātiae, ārum, f.: les (trois) Grâces (Aglaé, Thalie, Euphrosyne). - [gr]gr. Χάριτες. - Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3 ; Serv. En. 1, 720 ; Hor. O. 1, 30, 6, etc ; Quint. 10, 1, 82. - sing. collect. Grātia, ae, Ov. M. 6, 429: les Grâces. - voir hors site les Charites / les Grâces.* * *grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus] - Lebaigue P. 551 et P. 552. [st1]1 [-] agrément, charme, grâce, beauté (poet. et post-class.). - gratia verborum, Quint.: la grâce des expressions. - gratia villae, Plin.: l'agrément d'une villa. - neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13: la grâce ne masque pas son éloquence. - magnae veteribus curae fuit gratiam dicendi, Quint. 9: les anciens mettaient beaucoup de soin à agrémenter leurs discours. - gratia corporis, Suet. Vit. 3: agréments physiques. - gratia in vultu, Quint. 6, pr. 7: grâce dans le visage. - sincera sermonis Attici gratia, Quint. 10, 1, 65: la pure grâce du parler attique. - vinis gratiam affert fumus, Plin. 14, 16: la fumée donne un goût agréable aux vins. [st1]2 [-] faveur, complaisance, obligeance, grâce. - aliquid in beneficii et gratiae causa petere, Cic. Verr. 3, 189: demander qqch comme un bienfait et une grâce. --- cf. Verr. 3, 115. - gratiae causā, Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7: par faveur. - alicui gratiam dare, Ter. Hec. 390: accorder une faveur à qqn. - alicui gratiam dicendi facere, Liv. 3, 41, 4: accorder à qqn la faveur de parler. --- cf. Suet. Aug. 38. - in gratiam alicujus, Liv. 28, 21, 4: pour complaire à qqn. --- cf. Liv. 28, 39, 12 ; 39, 26, 12. - abl. gratiā: pour l'amour de, à cause de [placé après son régime]. - hominum gratiā, Cic. Nat. 2, 158, pour les hommes. - Bruti conservandi gratiā, Cic. Ph. 14, 4: pour sauver Brutus. - si exempli gratiā vir bonus... Cic. Off. 3, 50: si, pour prendre un exemple, un honnête homme... - propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratiā propter voluptatem, Cic. 5, 30: en vue de n'importe quelle autre chose, par exemple, en vue du plaisir. - ea gratia, quod... Sall. J. 54, 4 ; 80, 4: pour ce motif que.... - meā gratiā, Plaut. Bac. 97: à cause de moi. - petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae ut... Verr. 2, 3: on demanda, comme une faveur et une grâce, la permission de... - alicui gratiam dare, Ter. (alicui gratiam facere, Plaut.): accorder une faveur à qqn. - facta Valerio dicendi gratia quae vellet, Liv. 3: on donna à Valérius l'autorisation de dire ce qu'il voulait. [st1]3 [-] remise accordée par complaisance. - alicui jurisjurandi gratiam facere, Plaut. Rud. 1415: faire à qqn remise de son serment, l'en délier. --- cf. Suet. Tib. 35. - gratiam, fecit conjurandi Bononiensibus, Suet. Aug. 17: il dispensa les habitants de Bologne de faire cause commune avec lui. --- cf. Suet. Dom. 14. - de cena facio gratiam, Plaut. Most. 1130: quant au souper, je t'en fais grâce (= non, merci). [st1]4 [-] faveur d'autrui, bonnes grâces, bonne entente, relations amicales, amitié, accord, concorde; indulgence, pardon, grâce. - inire gratiam ab aliquo: gagner l’amitié (la sympathie) de qqn, se concilier les bonnes grâces de qqn. - magnam inire gratiam, Cic. Fin. 4. 31: se mettre en grande faveur (en grand crédit). - gratiam inire ab aliquo, Cic. Verr. 4, 143: se mettre dans les bonnes grâces de qqn. - gratiam inire ad aliquem, Liv. 33, 46, 7 ; apud aliquem, Liv. 36, 5, 3: auprès de qqn. - ab aliquo gratiam inisse quod... Cic.: avoir mérité la faveur de qqn en... - ab aliquo summam gratiam inire, Cic. Att. 7, 9, 3: gagner au plus haut point la faveur de qqn. - in gratiam alicujus venire: trouver grâce auprès de qqn. - gratiam alicujus sequi: rechercher les bonnes grâces de qqn. - componere aliquid cum bona gratia, Ter.: régler une affaire à l'amiable. - alicui delicti gratiam facere, Sall. J. 104, 5: pardonner à qqn une faute. - gratiam alicujus sibi conciliare, Cic. Pomp. 70: se concilier la faveur de qqn. - aliquam bonam gratiam sibi quaerere, Cic. Pomp. 71: rechercher pour soi quelques bonnes grâces avantageuses. - aliquem apud aliquem in maxima gratia ponere, Cic. Att. 5, 11, 6: mettre qqn dans les meilleures grâces de qqn. - plures ineuntur gratiae si... Cic. Br. 209: on se gagne plus souvent la faveur si (on se fait plus d'amis, si...). --- cf. Cic. Mur. 24 ; Agr. 2, 7. - multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione provincia afferre, Cic. Mur. 42: rapporter de sa province avec la meilleure réputation une quantité de bonnes sympathies. - si suam gratiam Romani velint,... Caes. BG. 4, 7, 4: [ils disent] que si les Romains veulent leur amitié. - in gratiam cum aliquo redire, Cic. Att. 1, 14, 7 ; Prov. 20, etc.: renouer des relations d'amitié avec qqn, se réconcilier avec qqn. - restituere aliquem in gratiam cum aliquo, Cic. Prov 23: remettre qqn en amitié avec qqn. --- [reducere Cic. R. P. 19]. - Sallustium restituere in ejus veterem gratiam non potui, Cic. Att. 1, 3, 3: je n'ai pu ramener Sallustius à ses vieilles relations avec lui. - cum aliquo in gratia esse, Fam. 1, 9, 4: être en bons termes avec qqn. - mihi cum illo magna gratia erat, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 20: j'étais en fort bons termes avec lui. - cum bona gratia, cum mala, Ter. Ph. 621: en bonne, en mauvaise intelligence. - istuc quod postulo inpetro cum gratia, Ter. And. 422: ce que je demande, je l'obtiens de bon gré. - per gratiam, Plaut. Mil. 979: de bonne grâce. [st1]5 [-] crédit, pouvoir, influence, popularité. - gratiā plurimum posse, Caes. BG. 1, 9, 3: avoir le plus grand pouvoir par son crédit (être très influent). - cf. Caes. BG. 1, 20, 2 ; 7, 63, 2 ; BC. 2, 44, 1, etc. - Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos, Caes. BG. 2 6, 4: le Rémois Iccius, qui tenait parmi les siens le plus haut rang par sa noblesse et son crédit. - res contra nos faciunt, summa gratia et eloquentia, Cic. Quinct. 1: nous avons comme adversaires le crédit et l'éloquence au plus haut degré. - cf. Cic. Cael. 19 ; Off. 2, 64. - summā gratiā inter suos, Caes.: d'une très grande influence dans son pays. - auctior est gratiā, Caes.: il grandit en influence. - quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat, Liv. 40: ce triomphe, de toute évidence, il le devait plus à son influence qu'à l'importance de ses exploits. - summa apud populum gratia, Cic. Rep 2, 60: la plus grande popularité. - gratia alicujus, Cic Amer. 28: le crédit, l'influence de qqn. - per gratiam contendere, ut... Cic. Verr. pr. 48: faire appel aux influences pour obtenir que... [st1]6 [-] reconnaissance, gratitude, actions de grâces, gré. - gratiae, ārum: marques de reconnaissance, remerciement. - gratias agere alicui, Cic. Phil. 1, 3: adresser des remerciements à qqn. - gratiarum actio, Cic. Fam. 10, 19, 1: adresse (expression) de remerciements. - maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus, Cic. Phil. 3, 25: nous devons tous et vous remercier vivement et éprouver pour vous la plus vive reconnaissance. - gratias habere, Liv. 24, 37, 7: remercier. - alicui gratias agere de re (pro re): rendre grâces à qqn au sujet de qqch, remercier qqn au sujet de qqch. - gratiam habere alicui: savoir gré à qqn, avoir de la reconnaissance pour qqn. - gratiam alicui referre, Cic. Br. 217 ; de Or. 3, 14: témoigner à qqn sa reconnaissance en retour. - praeclaram gratiam alicui referre, Cic. Cat. 1, 28: montrer une belle reconnaissance à qqn. - habere gratiam, Cic. Off. 2, 69: avoir de la reconnaissance. - mais habebo apud posteros gratiam, Sen. Ep. 21, 5: j'aurai la faveur de la postérité. - alicui gratias referre Cic. Planc. 101: donner à qqn des marques (preuves) de reconnaissance. --- cf. Cic. Phil. 3, 39. - gratiam dis persolvere, Cic. Planc. 80: s'acquitter envers les dieux d'une dette de reconnaissance. - alicui pro aliqua re gratias agere, Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16: remercier qqn pour [de] qqch. - alicui in aliqua re gratias agere, Cic. Att. 2. 24. 2: - alicui ob aliquam rem gratias agere: remercier qqn de qqch. --- Liv. 34, 50, 4; Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 2. - est dis gratia, cum... Ter. Ad. 138: il y a à remercier les dieux, du moment que... - dis gratia ! Ter. Ad. 121, dieu merci ! grâce aux dieux ! - gratiast, Plaut. Men. 387: bien obligé ! merci bien ! [st1]7 [-] grātĭā + gén.: à cause de, pour faire plaisir, en faveur de, pour l'amour de, à titre de. - grātĭā + gérond. ou adj. verbal au gén.: en vue de, pour. - verbi gratiā (exempli gratiā): par exemple, à titre d'exemple. - patris gratiā: pour l'amour de la patrie. - meā (tuā, nostrā) gratiā: pour moi (pour toi, pour nous). - surrexit respondendi gratiā: il se leva pour répondre. - pugnat servandae patriae gratiā: il combat pour sauver sa patrie. - consolandi tui gratiā dicent: ils diront pour te consoler. - legatos ad Caesarem sui purgandi gratia mittunt, Caes. BG. 7: ils envoient des députés auprès de César pour se disculper. [st1]8 [-] grātĭīs ou grātīs: sans rétribution, gratuitement, gratis. - si non pretio, at gratiis, Ter. Ad.: sinon contre argent sonnant, du moins gratis. - cave ne gratis hic tibi constet amor ! Ov.: prends garde que cet amour ne te rapporte rien! - is repente, ut Romam venit, gratiis praetor factus est, Cic. Verr. 2, 1: cet homme, à peine arrivé de Rome, le voilà, tout à coup, devenu gratuitement préteur. [st1]9 [-] grâce (de Dieu); charisme. - gratiae tuae deputo et misericordiae tuae, quod peccata mea tamquam glaciem solvisti, Aug. Conf. 2: à votre grâce, à votre miséricorde je rapporte d’avoir fondu la glace de mes péchés. - prophetarum gratia, Ambr. de Off. 1, 1, 2: le charisme des prophètes. [st1]10 [-] grātiae, ārum, f.: les (trois) Grâces (Aglaé, Thalie, Euphrosyne). - [gr]gr. Χάριτες. - Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3 ; Serv. En. 1, 720 ; Hor. O. 1, 30, 6, etc ; Quint. 10, 1, 82. - sing. collect. Grātia, ae, Ov. M. 6, 429: les Grâces. - voir hors site les Charites / les Grâces.* * *Gratia, gratiae: pen. corr. Cic. Grace, Bien et plaisir qu'on fait à aucun qui ne l'a pas merité et desservi.\Postulare gratiam apponi sibi. Terent. Demander qu'on luy scache bon gré.\Aduersus animus gratiae. Quintil. Contraire et ennemi de faveur, Qui hait jugements et toutes autres choses faictes par faveur, Qui ne se laisse corrompre par faveur.\Obnoxius animus gratiae. Quintil. Subject et enclin à favoriser les grands, à complaire et porter faveur aux grands.\Gratia dis. Ouid. Graces à Dieu, Dieu merci.\Nullam ingenii sperantes gratiam. Quintil. Louange.\Improba. Iuuen. Faveur meschante, Quand un juge par faveur absould un meschant.\Iuuenilis. Stat. Grace et beaulté de jeunesse.\Siquid benefacias, leuior pluma est gratia. Plaut. Ils n'en scavent ne gré ne grace, ou bien peu.\Gratia magna Ioui. Tibull. Grand merci à Dieu.\Nulla mala gratia Senatus aliquid facere. Cic. Sans qu'on en scache mauvais gré au Senat.\Debita sit facto gratia nulla meo. Ouid. Qu'on ne me scache point de gré de ce que j'ay faict, et qu'on ne m'en donne aucune retribution.\Fratrum rara gratia. Ouid. Peu de freres s'entr'aiment et s'accordent.\Viuax gratia. Horat. Perpetuelle.\Abest gratia officio. Ouid. Quand le plaisir qu'on fait, n'est point aggreable, et qu'on n'en scait point de gré.\Capere gratiam, dicitur animus. Cic. Quand il entend bien la grandeur du plaisir qu'il luy a esté faict.\Colligere gratiam ex priuatorum negotiis. Cic. Acquerir credit et bon gré, et l'amitié de beaucoup de gens.\Commemorare gratiam. Cic. Raconter un bienfaict ou plaisir que nous avons receu d'aucun.\Cum bona gratia aliquid componere. Terent. Accorder et appoincter quelque different par amitié et amour, Amiablement, Gratieusement.\Componere gratiam inter aliquos. Terent. Faire l'appoinctement entre aucuns.\Cupio gratiam tuam. Plaut. Je desire d'estre en ta grace.\Debere gratiam. Cic. Estre tenu et obligé de scavoir bon gré à aucun, pour quelque bienfaict ou plaisir que nous avons receu de luy.\Cum bona gratia dimittere aliquem. Cic. Sans le courroucer ou fascher.\Dissiluit gratia fratrum. Horat. L'amitié a esté separee et rompue.\Exornare aliquid gratia et venere. Quintil. De grace et beaulté de langage.\Facere gratiam iusiurandi. Plaut. Tenir aucun quicte de son serment tout ainsi que s'il avoit juré, Ne le faire point jurer.\Facere gratiam delicti. Liu. Pardonner, N'en demander rien à aucun.\Per gratiam legem alicui ferre. Cic. Par faveur.\Habere gratiam senectuti. Plaut. En scavoir bon gré à vieillesse.\Habere gratiam. Terent. Se tenir obligé envers aucun de quelque plaisir, et luy en scavoir bon gré, et ne luy avoir pas encore rendu le plaisir.\Incessere. Quintil. Impugner la faveur.\Inire gratiam ab aliquo. Cic. Acquerir la bonne grace d'aucun pour luy avoir faict quelque plaisir.\Languet mihi gratia. Silius. Je ne suis plus en telle grace que je souloye, Mon credit se diminue.\Negligere gratiam alicuius. Plaut. Ne tenir compte de l'amitié d'aucun, Ne la priser rien.\Parare gratiam. Quintil. Acquerir.\Petere gratiam a patre. Plaut. Demander grace et pardon.\Ponere aliquem in gratiam apud alterum. Cic. Le mettre en grace.\Apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam. Cic. Je feray l'appoinctement entre vous deux.\Non praecipiam gratiam publici beneficii. Liu. Je ne prendray point devant, Je ne preoccuperay ou anticiperay point.\Quaerere gratiam. Cic. Demander qu'on nous scache bon gré, et qu'on recongnoisse le plaisir qu'avons faict.\Recipere in gratiam. Cic. Aimer aucun et le recevoir en sa bonne grace.\Reddere gratiam. Cic. Rendre le plaisir ou desplaisir qu'on nous a faict, Rendre la pareille.\Redire in gratiam cum aliquo. Cic. Retourner en grace, Se reconcilier.\Redigere aliquos in gratiam. Terent. Les remettre d'accord, Remettre en amitié.\Referre gratiam. Terent. Rendre le plaisir ou desplaisir qu'on nous a faict, Rendre la pareille.\Restituere in gratiam. Cic. Remettre en grace.\Retinere alicuius gratiam. Cic. Entretenir son amitié.\Scribere gratias. Gell. Remercier par lettres.\Erat in Syria nostrum nomen in gratia. Cic. Ceulx de Syrie nous aimoyent, Nous estions en leur grace.\Esse in gratia cum aliquo. Cic. Estre aimé de luy, et avoir credit envers luy, Estre en sa grace.\Cum illo magna est mihi gratia. Cic. J'ay grande amitié avec luy.\Cum illo nulla est mihi gratia. Propert. Je n'ay nulle amitié avec luy.\Est gratia. Plaut. Je t'en remercie, Je t'en scay bon gré.\Neque veteranorum, neque possessorum gratiam tenuit. Suet. Il n'a obtenu, Il n'a acquis, Il n'a eu la grace, etc.\Trahere sibi gratiam recte factorum. Tacit. Tirer à soy, S'attribuer.\Tribuere gratiam alicuius rei inuentori. Cic. Attribuer honneur et louange.\Hic nunc credit ea me hic restitisse gratia. Terent. Pour ceste cause, Pour l'amour de cela.\Mitte hunc mea gratia. Plaut. Pour l'amour de moy.\Actio gratiarum. Cic. Remerciement, Regratiement.\Agere gratias et grates. Plaut. Cic. Liu. Remercier, Regratier, Rendre graces, Dire grand merci.\Bibulus Pompeium fecerat certiorem, vt caueret insidias. In quo ei Pompeius gratias egerat. Cic. Dequoy Pompee l'avoit remercié. -
35 somnus
somnus, i, m. [st2]1 [-] sommeil, somme. [st2]2 [-] songe. [st2]3 [-] engourdissement moral, torpeur, apathie, indolence, nonchalance. [st2]4 [-] léthargie. [st2]5 [-] calme, repos (des éléments). [st2]6 [-] temps consacré au sommeil, nuit. - *sop-nos --- cf. sopor --- gr. ὕπνος. - in somnum ire, Plin.: aller se coucher. - somnum petere, Quint.: aller se coucher. - somno se dare, Cic.: s'endormir. - somnum concitare (afferre, gignere, conciliare): faire dormir, endormir. - ex somno excitare aliquem, Cic. Sull. 8, 24: réveiller qqn. - nate dea, potes ducere somnos, Virg. En. 4: fils de déesse, peux-tu continuer à dormir? - Lethaeos pocula ducentia somnos, Hor. Epod. 14, 3: les coupes d'eau du Léthé, qui provoquent la léthargie. - somno excuti, Virg.: se réveiller en sursaut. - somnus urget, Cels.: il y a somnolence. - per somnum, Cic.: pendant le sommeil, en dormant. - me patris Anchisae admonet in somnis et turbida terret imago, Virg. En. 4: dans mon sommeil, l'image troublée de mon père Anchise m'admoneste et m'effraie. - longus (niger, frigidus) somnus: le long (le noir, le froid) sommeil [de la mort]. - Somnus, i, m. Ov. Hyg.: le Sommeil (divinité). - anus, exterrita somno, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40: la vieille, effrayée par son rêve. - in somnis aliquid videre, Cic.: voir qqch en songe.* * *somnus, i, m. [st2]1 [-] sommeil, somme. [st2]2 [-] songe. [st2]3 [-] engourdissement moral, torpeur, apathie, indolence, nonchalance. [st2]4 [-] léthargie. [st2]5 [-] calme, repos (des éléments). [st2]6 [-] temps consacré au sommeil, nuit. - *sop-nos --- cf. sopor --- gr. ὕπνος. - in somnum ire, Plin.: aller se coucher. - somnum petere, Quint.: aller se coucher. - somno se dare, Cic.: s'endormir. - somnum concitare (afferre, gignere, conciliare): faire dormir, endormir. - ex somno excitare aliquem, Cic. Sull. 8, 24: réveiller qqn. - nate dea, potes ducere somnos, Virg. En. 4: fils de déesse, peux-tu continuer à dormir? - Lethaeos pocula ducentia somnos, Hor. Epod. 14, 3: les coupes d'eau du Léthé, qui provoquent la léthargie. - somno excuti, Virg.: se réveiller en sursaut. - somnus urget, Cels.: il y a somnolence. - per somnum, Cic.: pendant le sommeil, en dormant. - me patris Anchisae admonet in somnis et turbida terret imago, Virg. En. 4: dans mon sommeil, l'image troublée de mon père Anchise m'admoneste et m'effraie. - longus (niger, frigidus) somnus: le long (le noir, le froid) sommeil [de la mort]. - Somnus, i, m. Ov. Hyg.: le Sommeil (divinité). - anus, exterrita somno, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40: la vieille, effrayée par son rêve. - in somnis aliquid videre, Cic.: voir qqch en songe.* * *Somnus, somni, m. g. Virgil. Somme, Sommeil.\Somnum hercle ego hac nocte oculis non vidi meis. Terent. Je n'ay point dormi ceste nuict.\In somnis. Cic. Par nuict, En dormant, En songeant.\Lumina expertia somno. Lucret. Yeulx qui ne dorment point.\Grauis somno. Ouid. Pesant de sommeil, Tout endormi.\Vacuus somno. Ouid. Qui ne dort point.\Vini somnique benignus. Horat. Bien buvant et bien dormant, Grand buveur et grand dormeur.\Ferreus. Virgil. Un dur dormir, La mort.\Frigidus. Valer. Flac. La mort.\Inexcitabilis somnus. Seneca. Qu'on ne peult esveiller.\Liquidus. Valer. Flac. Tranquille.\Medicatus. Ouid. Faict et causé par quelque medicament.\Primo somno prodita tentoria. Virgil. Au premier somme.\Tumultuosus somnus per somnia. Cels. Tumultueux à cause des songes.\Otia somni accipere. Stat. Dormir.\Arcere somnos. Ouid. Empescher et engarder aucun de dormir.\Capere somnum. Cic. Dormir.\Conterere partem aeui somno. Lucret. User une partie de sa vie à dormir.\Corripere corpus e somno. Virgil. Se lever.\Defendit somnos excubitor. Senec. Le guet veille pour la defense et seureté du seigneur qui dort.\Dare se somno. Cic. S'endormir.\Ducere somnos. Virgil. Dormir.\Ducere somnos. Ouid. Induire le sommeil et faire dormir.\Excitare ex somno. Cic. Esveiller.\Excitus somno. Sil. Esveillé.\Excutior somno. Virgil. Je m'esveille.\Pingues somnos exigere. Lucan. Dormir longuement et à son aise, tellement qu'on en devienne gras.\Frui somno. Ouid. Dormir à son aise.\Habet somnus animalia. Virg. Le sommeil a saisi les animaulx, Les animaulx dorment.\Inducere somnus. Cels. Induire à dormir.\Indulgere somno. Claud. Dormir.\Ire in somnum. Plin. Aller dormir.\Moliri somnum. Cels. Tascher à faire dormir.\Parere somnum alicui mero. Tibull. Le faire dormir à force de boire vin, l'endormir.\Perfundere somnos sanguine. Stat. Tuer ceulx qui dorment.\Petere somnum. Quintil. S'en aller dormir.\Porrectus somno sub frondibus. Stat. Qui dort tout estendu dessoubz, etc.\Proflare somnum pectore. Virg. Ronfler en dormant.\Prohibet somnum dolor. Cels. Engarde de dormir.\Imbelli somno recubant littora. Stat. Les rivages de la mer se reposent, La mer est calme et tranquille.\Repetere somnum. Cic. Se rendormir.\Sepulti somno. Lucret. Qui dorment profondement.\Sternere se somno. Virg. Se coucher pour dormir.\Pigro torpebant aequora somno. Stat. La mer estoit en repos.\Per somnum. Cic. En dormant. -
36 auxilium
auxilium, ī, n. (augeo), der Zuwachs, um etw. durchzuführen, die Hilfe, I) im allg., die Hilfe (abstr. u. konkr.), die Hilfeleistung, das Hilfsmittel ( Mittel), die Abhilfe, der Beistand, die Mitwirkung, Unterstützung, v. Pers. auch der Helfer (Ggstz. exitium, Plaut. rud. prol. 68), summum aux. omnium gentium (v. Konsul), Cic.: aux. Romanum (der Römer), Liv.: aux. adventicium, Cic.: aux. argentarium, Plaut.: m. subj. Genet., aux. domus, Helfer, Ov.: Graecorum auxilio, Cic.: auxilio noctis, mit Hilfe = unter dem Schutze der N., Sall.: auxilio tempestatis, vom stürmischen Wetter begünstigt, Caes. – m. obj. Genet., aux. salutis, Caes. u. Nep.: hortandi suos, Auct. b. Alex. – m. adversus u. Akk., opportunum adversus Indos auxilium, Curt.: quibus auxilii latio adversus consules esset, Liv. (vgl. unten mit dare u. esse). – accire alqm auxilio, Tac.: accurrere auxilio, Sall., in auxilium, Suet.: adiungere sibi auxilium, Cic.: auxilio alcis adiuvari, Liv. epit.: alqm advocare in auxilium alcis rei (wegen etw.), Tac.: auxilii nihil afferre, Ter.: unius civitatis firmum auxilium amittere, Cic.: arcessere alqm auxilio, Caes., in auxilium, Aur. Vict.: arripere opem auxiliumque ad alqd, Plaut.: ad auxilium convenire, Caes.: auxilio plebem per magistratus ex omnibus vicis convocare, Suet.: dare auxilium, Verg. u. Liv.: dare adversus alqm auxilium, Liv. u. Iustin.————(s. Benecke Iustin. 38, 5, 3): ad extremum auxilium descendere, Caes.: effundere supremum auxilium, Liv.: egere auxilio, Sall., Ov. u. Quint.: auxilium esse alci, Plaut., od. gew. esse auxilio u. esse alci auxilio, Komik., Caes., Sall., Nep. u.a.: alci in peccato adiutricem, auxilio in paterna iniuria esse, Ter.: consuli adversus intercessionem collegae auxilio esse, Liv.: u. alci nemo auxilio est, quin m. Konj., Liv. 9, 26, 10: u. quod ne fieret, tribuni plebis auxilio fuerunt, Liv. epit. 59: tum quoque, si se appellet, auxilio ei futurum, ne causam dicat, Liv. 38, 52, 10: in auxilio (alcis) od. in auxilium esse, Plin., Iustin. u. Eutr. (s. Dudend. Caes. b. G. 3, 11, 2): aliquid auxilii est in alqo, es ist H. bei jmd. zu finden, Caes.: evocare alqm ex Africa in auxilium, Suet.: extremum auxilium experiri, Caes.: serum auxilium perditis erat, Liv.: vestri est auxilii m. folg. Infin., Cic. Clu. 4: expetere auxilium ab alqo, Ter. u. Cic.: exspectare vestrum auxilium, Cic.: ferre auxilium, Cic.: alci ferre auxilium, Enn. fr., Komik., Cic., Caes. u.a., opem auxiliumque alci, Cic.: ferre auxilium pecuniae, das G. retten, Caes.: ferre alci auxilium contra tantam vim sceleris praesentis, Cic.: Aetolos in auxilio habere, Liv. epit.: implorare auxilium alcis, Cic., od. auxilium ab alqo, Caes.: auxilium alcis implorare et flagitare, Cic.: suo auxilio freti, Cic.: deos in auxilium invocare, Quint.: mittere alci auxilium, Curt.: alqm auxilio mittere,————Caes.: mitti alci auxilio ab alqo, Nep.: negare alci auxilium, Liv.: alci opus est auxilio alcis, Sall. fr. u. Cic.: offertur alci auxilium alcis, Cic.: orbari auxilio, Cic.: alcis auxilium sibi paratum putare, Cic.: petere auxilium ab alqo, Cic.: auxilium petere contra alqm, Hirt. b. G.: petere ab alqo auxilium salutis, Nep.: polliceri auxilium alci rei, Cic.: polliceri auxilium in publicum (zum allgemeinen Nutzen), Quint.: postulare auxilium, Caes.: privari auxilio sociorum, Nep.: proficisci alci auxilio, Nep.: promittere alci auxilium, Ov.: quaerere auxilium, Cic.: reperire alci rei auxilium, Caes.: requirere auxilium vestrum od. nullum, Cic.: rogare auxilium, Caes., auxilium summissā voce, Ov.: spoliari auxilio alcis, Cic.: succurrere alci auxilio, Caes.: uti auxilio (Mitwirkung) elephantorum, Liv.: uti auxilio legis, Quint.: venire alci auxilio, Caes. u.a., in auxilium, Suet. – Plur., auxilia, entw. übh. Hilfe usw. (s. oben), auxilia magica, Tibull.: aux. extrinsecus assumpta, Quint.: mit subj. Genet., auxilia equitum, Caes.: provinciarum, Caes.: Graecorum, Liv.: liberorum, Quint.: mit obj. Genet., salutis auxilia, Cic. – omnium sibi auxilia adiungere, Cic.: salutis auxilia ad alqm afferre, Cic.: assidēre auxiliis suis, vom Schiffer, Ov.: cuncta auxilia (Stützen) rei publicae labefactare convellereque, Cic.: auxilia formidare, Curt.: longinquis auxiliis indigere, Liv.: neutris auxilia mittere, neutral bleiben, Caes.: negare alci————auxilia, Liv. u. Scrib.: auxilia portare, Sall.: illorum auxiliis uti, Cic. – od. Hilfsquellen, copiae auxiliaque alcis, Caes.: haec auxilia od. magna duo auxilia detrahere alci, Caes. u. Cic.: minuere auxilia populi Romani, Cic. – II) insbes.: a) als mediz. t. t., die Hilfe, das Hilfsmittel, das Heilmittel für od. gegen etw., absol. od. m. obj. Genet. od. m. adversus u. Akk., aux. anceps, Cels.: aux. optimum, praesentissimum, Cels.: auxilia imbecilliora, validiora, Cels.: omne auxilium corporis, jedes auf den K. angewandte H., Cels.: aux. adversae valetudinis, Cels.: aux. adversus profusionem sanguinis, Cels.: adhibere auxilium, Cels., auxilia, Scrib.: admovere aliquod auxilium, Cels.: egere auxilio, Cels.: opus est auxilio, Cels. – b) Plur. auxilia als milit. t. t., α) militär. Hilfsmittel = Streitkräfte, Militärmacht, auxilia infirma, Caes.: magna equitatus, Auct. b. Afr.: equestria, Auct. b. Afr.: equitum peditumque, Caes.: contrahere undique auxilia, Iustin. – β) Hilfstruppen, Hilfsvölker (Ggstz. legiones, copiae [eigene Streitkräfte]), auxilia et suppetiae, Plaut.: auxilia barbara, Caes.: levis armaturae, Hirt. b. G.: peditum, peditatus equitatusque, Caes.: ab sociis auxilia arcessere, Sall.: auxilia ex Britannia arcessere, Caes.: auxilia cogere, Verg.: auxilia comparare, Cic.: mittere alci auxilia, Cic. – im Ggstz. zu equitatus u. equites = Hilfstruppen zu Fuß, auxilia equitatumque comparare, Caes.:————magnos equitatus magnaque auxilia exspectare, Caes.: equites auxiliaque barbaris omnibus imperare, Caes.Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > auxilium
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37 commeatus
commeātus, ūs, m. (commeo), I) das ungehinderte Gehen, das Gehen und Kommen, der freie Durchgang, der freie Verkehr, in eo conclavi ego perfodi parietem, quā commeatus clam esset hinc huc mulieri, Plaut. mil. 142: nimis beat, quod commeatus transtinet trans parietem, ibid. 468: per hortum utroque commeatus convenit, Plaut. Stich. 452: medium parietem perfodit servus, commeatus clanculum quā foret amantum, Plaut. mil. argum. II, 10: si viae publicae exemptus commeatus sit, vel via coartata, Ulp. dig. 43, 8, 2. § 25. – v. lebl. Subjj., si fauces commeatum liquidae vocis exercent, die Stimme frei u. ungehindert herauslassen, Pallad. 1, 3. – II) meton., a) die Erlaubnis, ungehindert zu gehen, der Urlaub, bes. der Militärpers., commeatum petere, Vell.: tridui commeatum petere ab alqo, Hyg.: commeatum accipere, Plin. ep.: commeatum sumere, Liv.: alci commeatum dare, Liv.: alci commeatum indulgere, Plin. ep. u. Hyg. (u. amatoriae militiae brevem commeatum indulgere, Apul.): alqm in commeatum mittere, Liv.: in commeatu esse, Liv.: commeatu abesse, mitll., Suet.: ultra commeatum abesse, ICt.: secum eum tum frequentem ad signa sine ullo commeatu (ohne irgend Urlaub zu nehmen) fuisse, Liv.: sine commeatu Italiā excedere, Suet.: ad commeatus diem non venire, non adesse, an dem Tage, wo der U. zu Ende ist, Cornif.————rhet. u. Quint.: commeatum alci propagare, Suet.: sine commeatibus dilabi, Liv.: cum commeatu Syracusis remanere, Cic.: a commeatu castra repetere, Suet.: satis liberi commeatus erant, primoribus tamen magis quam militibus, U. wurde ziemlich leicht gegeben, jedoch mehr den V. als den S., Liv. 1, 57, 4. – v. lebl. Subjj., im Bilde, longum mihi commeatum dederat mala valetudo; repente me invasit, Sen. ep. 54, 1: assidua servitus sine intervallo, sine commeatu, Sen. nat. qu. 3. pr. § 16. – übtr., ut sibi vivendi peteret a domino commeatum, Frist, Paulini vita S. Ambros. 45. – b) das Einherziehende od. Kommende, α) die Karawane, der Train, der Transport von Waren u. Menschen, der Warentransport, die Ladung, Sendung zu Lande u. zu Wasser, frequentia negotiatorum et commeatuum, Sall.: Londinium copiā negotiatorum et commeatuum maxime celebre, Tac.: de novo commeatu Neapolin confluxisse, von der eben angekommenen Handelsflotte, Suet. – v. Menschen, duobus commeatibus exercitum reportare, Caes.: secundum commeatum in Africam mittere ad Caesarem, Auct. b. Afr.: per omnem nostrum commeatum (Karawane) morsibus ambulare (v. Hunden), Apul. – β) die Zufuhr aller Art, bes. Proviant, Mundvorrat, c. largus, Curt.: commeatus maritimi, Liv., od. marini, Iustin.: commeatūs inopia, Frontin.: commeatuum penuria, Curt.: commeatus abunde od. affatim, Sall.: c.————frumenti, Liv.: frumentum ac commeatus od. commeatusque, res frumentaria commeatusque, und der übrige Pr., Caes. (s. Kraner Caes. b. G. 1, 39, 1): commeatibus abundare, Frontin.: commeatum od. commeatus parare, Liv. u. Sall.: commeatum praeparare, Liv.: commeatus accipere, Liv.: commeatus arcessere, Liv.: commeatum convehere, advehere, Liv.: commeatus eo pervehere, Liv.: commeatus ex montibus invehere, ex Samnio subvehere, Liv.: commeatum portare, Sall.: commeatus ab urbe in castra portare, Liv.: supportare frumentum commeatumque ex Sequanis et Aeduis, Caes.: commeatus exercitui alcis subministrare, Frontin.: petere commeatum, Caes.: alqm commeatu prohibere, Caes.: nostros commeatibus intercludere, Caes.: alqm frumento commeatuque intercludere, Caes.: alqm commeatu et reliquis copiis intercludere, Cic.: alci commeatum intercludere, Plaut.: urbem omni commeatu privare, Nep.: commeatus excipere od. intercipere, Liv. – scherzh., in commeatum argentarium proficisci, auf Gewinn von Geldgeschäften ausgehen, Plaut. Pseud. 424. – γ) das Gepäck des Heeres, Suet. Tib. 18, 1. – δ) die Reiseequipage, commeatus per municipia et colonias disponere, Relais legen, Suet. Tib. 38.Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > commeatus
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38 peto
peto, īvī u. iī, ītum, ere (altind. pátati, fliegt, griech. πέτομαι), nach etw. langen, reichen, I) im allg.: 1) eig.: a) m. der Hand usw. nach etw. langen, reichen, greifen, amicum Ilionea petit dextrā, laevāque Serestum, langt nach s. Fr. J. mit der R., d.i. bietet ihm die Rechte, Verg.: collum alcis amplexu, jmdm. um den Hals fallen, Cael. b. Quint. – b) mit einem Werkzeuge nach etw. od. jmd. zielen, werfen, schlagen, stoßen, hauen, α) übh.: adducto constitit arcu alta petens, Verg.: aëra disco, Hor.: alqm telis, Liv. u. Ov.: alqm malo (Apfel), Verg., saxis, Ov.: vultus alcis unguibus, ins Gesicht fahren, Hor.: alci genas ungue, Ov.: cornu petit (taurus), Verg.: morsu petunt (canes), beißen, Lucr. – β) als t. t. der Fechterspr., nach jmd. oder einem Körperteile einen Hieb od. Stoß führen, nach jmd. hauen, stechen, stoßen, jmdm. zu Leibe gehen, jmd. angreifen, anfallen, alqm, alcis latus, caput, collum u. dgl., Cic. u.a. (s. Benecke Cic. Cat. 1, 11): absol., petere vehementer (Ggstz. vitare [parieren] caute), Cic.: undique ex insidiis barbari a fronte ab tergo coorti comminus eminus petunt, Liv. – übtr., v. lebl. Subjj., cuius latus mucro ille petebat, Cic. – c) vermittelst der Füße od. sonstiger Bewegung, α) einen Ort aufsuchen, nach einem Orte hingehen, hineilen, auf einen Ort zureisen, tentoria gressu, Sil.: Dyrrhachium, Cic.: non ca-————stra, sed naves, Nep.: loca calidiora (v. den Kranichen), Cic.: caelum pennis, emporfliegen zum usw., Ov.: demersis rostris aequora ima, fahren unter usw., Verg.: Graiis Phasi petite, von Griechen besuchter Ph., Ov. – übtr., v. lebl. Subjj., campum petit amnis, ergießt sich nach der E., Verg.: mons petit astra, ragt gegen die St., Ov.: polygala altitudinem palmi petit, wächst empor zur usw., Plin. – β) zu jmd. hingehen, jmdm. nahen, ut te supplex peterem, Verg. Aen. 6, 115. – γ) eine Richtung, einen Weg nehmen, ergreifen, einschlagen, iter a Vibone Brundisium terrā petere contendi, Cic.: celeri per aethera lapsu diversas p. vias, Val. Flacc.: alium cursum p., Cic.: aliam in partem fugam, Caes. – 2) übtr., a) jmd. bittend angehen, vos volo, vos peto atque obsecro, Plaut. Curc. 148. – m. folg. ut u. Konj., eum petit litteris, ut ad Britanniam proficisceretur, Capit. Pert. 3, 5: u. so Eutr. 2, 24. Ps. Quint. decl. 9, 2. – b) (v. der Fechterspr. übtr.) jmdm. feindl. gleichs. zu Leibe gehen, ihn angreifen, bedrohen, gegen jmd. vorgehen, quotiescumque me petisti, per me tibi obstiti, Cic.: qui me epistulā petivit, ad te comminus accessit, Cic.: u. so p. alqm fraude et insidiis, Liv.: alqm falsis maiestatis criminibus, Tac. – u. etw. feindlich bedrohen, armis patriam, Vell.: bello urbem, Verg.: non iniustis vindiciis alienos fundos, sed castris, exercitu, signis inferendis, Cic. – u. bildl., auf jmd. zielen =————jmdm. gelten, Troianos monstra petunt, Verg. Aen. 9, 128. – c) etwas verlangen, begehren, fordern, um etw. ersuchen, auf etw. Anspruch machen, bittweise = um etw. bitten, etw. erbitten, α) übh.: alcis vitam, Cic.: sui laboris praemia, Caes.: partem praedae, Tac.: opem ab alqo, Cic.: pacem a Romanis, Caes.: poenas ab alqo, Cic.: vitam nocenti, Tac.: alci tribunatum ab alqo, Cic.: ab alqo de alqa re, Brut. ep. ad Cic. – m. dopp. Acc., Iphicratem ab Atheniensibus ducem (zum F.), Nep.: quod iam te petit ista, Ov. – sehr oft mit folg. ut u. Konj., peto quaesoque, ut etc., Cic.: peto a te, vel, si pateris, oro, ut etc., Cic.: p. precibus per litteras ab alqo, ut etc., Cic.: selten p. de alqo, ut etc., Ulp. dig.: petito (Abl. absol.), ut etc., Iustin. 43, 5. § 5: m. bl. Coniunctiv, abs te peto, efficias, ut etc., Cic.: simul ab Gneo Pompeio consule petit, quos ex Cisalpina Gallia consules sacramento rogasset, ad signa convenire et ad se proficisci iuberet, Caes.: petit, exscribendas pingendasque (imagines) delegem, Plin. ep. – m. folg. ne u. Konj., quod ne facias, peto a te, Caes. in Cic. ep.: peto a te, ne me putes oblivione tui rarius ad te scribere, quam solebam, Cic.: unum petere ac deprecari, ne se armis despoliaret, Caes.: peto et oro, ne... faciatis, Petron. – m. folg. Infin., arma petebat ferre, Stat. Ach. 1, 352: m. folg. Acc. u. Infin. Pass., quom quid cupienter dari petimus nobis, Plaut. Pseud. 684 G.: cum peteret————(solum) donari quasi proprio suo ac peculiari deo, Suet. Aug. 5: petit aes sibi dari 'εἰς ἄρτους', Gell. 9, 2, 1: quod hominem avarum creari consulem peteret, Gell. 4, 8, 5: petiit dari sibi responsum, Hyg. fab. 32. – übtr., v. lebl. Subjj., quantum res petit, erfordert, Cic. – β) zum Liebesgenuß begehren, quae vir tuus petet, cave ne neges, Ov.: p. concubitum filii, Iustin.: de virgine adeo foede ad libidinem petita, Liv. 3, 51, 7. – γ) einen Kaufpreis verlangen, fordern, libros tres reliquos mercatur nihilo minore pretio, quam quod erat petitum pro omnibus, Gell. 1, 19, 8. – δ) als gerichtl. t. t., αα) vor Gericht, beim Prätor usw. etw. fordern, um etw. nachsuchen, hereditatis possessionem, Cic.: hereditatem, ICt.: accusationem in alqm, Quint.: curatorem alci, ICt. – ββ) wegen etw. Anspruch erheben, auf etw. klagen, klagbar werden, p. certam pecuniam numeratam, ICt. – gew. absol., p. ab alqo, Cic.: p. sibi soli, Cic.: p. ex testamento, ICt.: is unde od. a quo petitur, der Beklagte (Ggstz. is qui petit = petitor, der Kläger), Varro LL., Cic., Gell. u. ICt. – γγ) jmd. zur Bestrafung belangen, alqm in vincula, Quint.: alqm ad supplicium, Quint. – ε) um etw. od. jmd. anhalten, sich bewerben, αα) als publiz. t. t., um ein Amt, consulatum, praeturam, Cic.: M. Curtio (für M.) tribunatum ab alqo, Cic.: in unum locum, sich um eine Stelle bewerben, Liv.: absol., ii qui nunc petunt, Cic.: multi et po-————tentes petebant, Liv. – Partiz. subst., petēns, der Bewerber, laticlavii gratiā petens, Gaius dig. 24, 1, 42. – ββ) um ein Mädchen, multi illam petiere, Ov.: virginem plebeii generis petiere iuvenes, Liv. – ζ) zum od. zur Geliebten begehren, um jmd. buhlen, ut Sempronia viros saepius peteret quam peteretur, Sall.: cum te tam multi peterent, tu me una petisti, Prop.: dumque petit petitur, pariterque accendit et ardet, Ov. – d) suchen, aufsuchen, α) übh.: principio sedes apibus statioque petenda, Verg. georg. 4, 8. – β) = nach etw. trachten, streben (Ggstz. vitare, fugere), salutem fugā, Nep.; vgl. hic praedam pedibus petit, ille salutem, Ov.: mortem, Cic.: sapientiam (Ggstz. vitare stultitiam), Cic.: quo minus gloriam petebat, eo magis sequebatur, Sall.: sanguinis profusio vel fortuita vel petita, gesuchte, beabsichtigte, Cels. – m. folg. Infin., Lucr. 3, 86. Verg. Aen. 7, 96. Hor. ep. 1, 11, 29. Ov. met. 8, 421; 14, 571.II) prägn., langend holen, 1) eig.: a) wegholen, abholen, herholen, Tartareum ille manu custodem in vincula petivit ipsius a solio regis, Verg.: p. cibum e flamma, Ter. – teli sumendi aut petendi causā, aufzunehmen od. (auf feindl. Seite) zu holen, Liv.: Caninio dixi, ei me daturum aliquid; mane ut peteret, rogavi, Cic.: cuius adventu certiores facti petiverunt (sc. pecuniam), Cic. – u. p. alqd in alqm locum od. ad alqm, etw. irgendwo od. bei jmd. holen, in extremam————Italiam Brundisium ostreas, Plin.: vimina in collem, Plin.: murram ad Troglodytas, Plin. – b) holen = heraufholen, suspirium alte, Plaut.: gemitus alto de corde, Ov.: latere imo spiritum, Hor. – 2) übtr.: p. alqd a Graecis, Cic.: a litteris exiguam doloris oblivionem, Cic.: praesidium ex alcis benevolentia, Cic.: p. initium rei demonstrandae altius, Cic. – ⇒ Perf. zuw. peti = petii, Sen. Med. 248 u. Herc. Oet. 1843. Stat. Theb. 1, 62: petīt = petiit, Verg. Aen. 9, 9. Ov. met. 5, 460; fast. 1, 109. Capit. Pertin. 3, 5; vgl. Georges, Lexik. der lat. Wortf. S. 520. -
39 contra
contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.I.Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).A.Local.1.Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.a.With verb of being or position expressed or understood.(α).Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):(β).feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,
Liv. 1, 18, 8:stat contra starique jubet,
Juv. 3, 290:stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!
Mart. 1, 55, 12:ulmus erat contra,
in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:templa vides contra,
in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:contra conserta manu,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):b.contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,
Manil. 2, 253:posita contra Hispania,
Tac. Agr. 11:promuntorium quod contra procedit,
Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,
face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),
side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.(α).Referring to persons:(β).accede ad me atque adi contra,
come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:contra adspicere,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:contra intueri,
Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:cum veniret contra Marcianus,
Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—Of things:2.hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,
Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,
Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,(α).In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:(β).aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,
at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—In post-Aug. prose (very rare):3.at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.(α).In gen.:(β).te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,
id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,
make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:audi nunc contra jam,
listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,
you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,
Liv. 1, 28, 1:contra ut me diligat illa,
Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:cui latrans contra senex,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,
Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:contra talia reddit,
Claud. B. Gild. 379.—With dat. pers.:(γ).consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:facere contra huic aegre,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:hiscine contra insidiabere?
id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:tibi contra gratiam Referre,
id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—With item:(δ).item a me contra factum est,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,
id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;(ε).Consonat terra,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:confer gradum Contra pariter,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!
Cat. 62, 6.—Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:B.si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,
what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,
to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:agedum pauca accipe contra,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,
Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?
id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.1.Of physical exertion.(α).Lit.:(β).concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,
struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,
bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:at ille contra nititur,
resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,
rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—Trop.:2.te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,
Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—Of mental exertion:3.si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,
arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:siti contra... pugnandum,
Cels. 4, 2 fin. —Of hostile opposition in gen.(α).Lit.:(β).quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,
who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,
something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—Trop.:4.aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,
Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—Of warfare.(α).Lit.:(β).ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:quid quod exercitum contra duxit?
Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,
if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,
Liv. 7, 39, 17:cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,
would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,
Tac. A. 11, 10.—Trop.:5.quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,
Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—Of legal contests.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—(β).Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:(γ).quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?
if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—On the part of the adversary:(δ).inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,
Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:6.ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,
given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—Of literary opposition.(α).Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—(β).With other verbs:7.astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,
Lucr. 5, 728:contra nunc illud pone, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,
some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—Of public and political opposition.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—(β).With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:8.nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,
no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:honores contra petere,
Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,
Tac. A. 14, 45.—Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:9.si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,
and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).a.Absol.(α).Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:(β).cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,
would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,
id. Caecin. 33, 97:dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,
id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—To make charges against (rare):(γ).si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,
Cic. Clu. 48, 134:qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,
id. Quint. 29, 88; so,contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,
id. Fl. 21, 51.—In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:(δ).fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,contra disputare and contra scribere,
id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,
Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,
to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:(ε). (ζ).quam palam principes dixerunt contra!
protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:contradicente nullo,
Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—Abl. absol. impers.:b.explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,
whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:c.ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,
id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),
refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,
or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,
the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).(α).To oppose a person by speaking against his views:(β).solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,
to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:tibi,
Suet. Aug. 54:Curioni...,
id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,
my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:(γ).cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,
opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:(δ).patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,
Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—With dat. of the petition:(ε).preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,
which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—To contest the validity of a law (rare):(ζ).quibus (legibus) contradici potest,
Quint. 7, 7, 4.—To contradict an assertion (very rare):d.pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,
Quint. 5, 10, 13.—With quin, to object:C.praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,
there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;D.but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,
Quint. 7, 3, 14:cum verba (legis) contra sint,
id. 7, 1, 49:sed experimentum contra fuit,
unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:ubi fortuna contra fuit,
id. ib. 3, 18:si fortuna contra daret,
should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.Of logical opposition, with negative force.1.Of a direct contrast.a.Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:b.quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,
but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:in stultitia contra est,
with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),
id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:quod contra est,
Sall. J. 85, 21:quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:contra fore si, etc.,
ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),
ib. 41, 3, 49:ego contra puto (i. e. esse),
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:c.utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,
of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),
id. Att. 10, 8, 2:contra evenit in iis morbis,
Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:ego contra sentio,
Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:Proculus contra (sc. sentit),
ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:licet Celsus contra scribat,
ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,
interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.(α).To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:(β).nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;quod contra, id turpe,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:sit sapienter usus aut contra,
Quint. 2, 5, 15:lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),
Col. 11, 3, 25.—To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:(γ).ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,
improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,
id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—To a verbal predicate:(δ).an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),
Dig. 34, 5, 19.—To a subject infinitive:(ε).laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,
praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:(ζ).quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,
those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;mihi contra,
id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—To an attributive genitive:2.Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),
Sall. J. 88, 2:verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),
Quint. 2, 4, 21:alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,
the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,
Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.a.With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;b.Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,
Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:quae etiam contra valent,
i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—Belonging to the same predicate:E.ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,
Cic. Or. 36, 123:cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,
Dig. 35, 2, 48:in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,
Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,
id. 1, 5, 68:ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,
but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,
Cic. Or. 42, 143:qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,
or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).1.In independent clauses.a.Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:b.ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,
Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?
Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,
Just. 13, 1, 7.—Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;2.contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,
Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—In opposition to a dependent clause:3.ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,
Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:at contra,
Lucr. 2, 392.—With co-ordinate conjunctions.a.Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.(α).With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:(β).malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,
id. ib. 2, 7, 23:cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,
Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,
Quint. 10, 2, 22.—With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:(γ).audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,
Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,
id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:(δ).atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!
Cic. Balb. 22, 51:domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,
Dig. 13, 7, 21:equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,
Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:b.in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,
Cic. Sull. 7, 21:nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,
id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,et contra,
Suet. Tit. 7.—With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).(α).At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;(β).At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,
Lucr. 2, 400:cogunt,
id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):(γ).non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,
Liv. 45, 18, 1:tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,
Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,
Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—Contra autem (rare;(δ).in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,
Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,
Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—Contra vero (very rare;(ε).not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,
Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—c.With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).(α).Aut contra:(β).num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?
Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,
Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—Vel contra:(γ).hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?
Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—Seu contra:d.seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,
Prop. 1, 11, 25.—With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;4.never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,
Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,(α).In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):(β).aliis vero econtra videtur,
Hier. Ep. 12.—Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):5.honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—With emphatic particles.a.Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);b.not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,
Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—Immo contra (post-Aug.).(α).= no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:(β).existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,
Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—= sed contra, but on the contrary:c.proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:immo contra ea,
Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):F.quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.1.Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.(α).With atque:(β).item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—With ac:(γ).itaque contra est ac dicitis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,
id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,
Sall. C. 60, 5.—With ac and atque:(δ).si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,
Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—With quam (post-Aug.):2.cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,
Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:contra quam licet,
id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:II.mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,
contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,
contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:contra quam ista causa postulasset,
id. Caecin. 24, 67:contra quam sanctum legibus est,
Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,
Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).A.Local uses.1.Opposite, over against, facing.a.Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;b.adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,
id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,
Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:Carthago Italiam contra,
Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,
Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—Of the heavenly bodies:c.donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,
Lucr. 5, 708:contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,
Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:contra mediam faciem meridies erit,
id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—Of opposite ends of a line.(α).Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—(β).Of a line drawn:d.contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,
opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—Of buildings, etc.:e.contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:(statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,
Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,
Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—Of places on the human body:2.id quod contra stomachum est,
Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,
Cels. 4, 1 fin. —Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:a.adversus, ad, e regione,
Caes. B. G. 7, 61).In gen.:b.quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,
Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?
Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:rex constiterat contra pedites,
Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:ne contra septentrionem paveris,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:contra solem varie refulgens,
placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,
id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):c.(Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,
towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,
Dig. 48, 8, 4.—Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—d.Against an opposing action, etc.:e.contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,
Vitr. 1, 6, 8:ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,
Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,
id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,
id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,
Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:contra stimulum calces,
kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—Of local actions with hostile intent.(α).Lit.:(β).quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?
Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),
id. Att. 15, 20, 3:pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,
to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,
id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,
Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,
i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—Trop.:f.castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,
will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:(Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,
when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—In partic.(α).Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:(β).quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,
Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:contra populi studium,
Cic. Brut. 34, 126:contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,
id. ib. 79, 273; so,a mendacio contra veritatem,
id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:contra cives in acie,
id. Att. 16, 11, 2:et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,
opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,
Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —Contra aliquem ire:3.aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,
Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:uti contra injurias armati eatis,
Sall. J. 31, 6:interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,
Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—Transf.,a.To persons placed together for comparison:b.C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,
Quint. 10, 1, 114:CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,
Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.(α).Lit. (very rare):(β).quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Prop.:c.cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,
Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,
Sen. Ep. 9, 9:numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,
id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,
as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:(illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,
Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?
Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,
id. ib. 13, 2;so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):d.numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,
superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,
Petr. 7, 6.—Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:B.contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 29:contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,
Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:quae contra breviter fata est vates,
Verg. A. 6, 398:contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,
Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).Denoting hostility or disadvantage.1.With verbs of hostile action.a.Of physical exertion:b.pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,
Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,
id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.c.bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),
Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:contra Antonium,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,contra patriam,
id. Sull. 20, 58:pugnare contra patriam,
id. ib. 25, 70:contra conjuges et liberos,
Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:armatum esse contra populum Romanum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:armis contendere contra,
Caes. B. G. 2, 13:arma alicui dare (trop.),
Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:aciem instruere (trop.),
Liv. 25, 4, 4:exercitum comparare,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:exercitum instruere,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:exercitum ducere and adducere,
id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:exercitum contra Philippum mittere,
id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:naves ducere contra,
Hor. Epod. 4, 19:ducere contra hostes,
Liv. 1, 27, 4:florem Italiae educere contra,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:proficisci contra,
to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,
Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:juvare aliquem contra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:consilium inire contra Sequanos,
to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).(α).In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:(β).cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,
Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:(causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:esse contra,
id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,
Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:causam defendere contra,
against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),
to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:actio competit contra,
Dig. 49, 14, 41:querelam instituere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:bonorum possessionem petere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 23:jus obtinere contra,
Cic. Quint. 9, 34:pugnare contra,
to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:id quod mihi contra illos datum est,
i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:judicare contra aliquem,
id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:pronuntiare contra,
Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:decernere contra,
Cic. Fl. 31, 76:appellare contra aliquem,
Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:contra sententiam,
Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:(γ).quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:contra rem suam me venisse questus est,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:d.ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,
id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,causam dicere,
id. Or. 2, 23, 98:causam perorare,
id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,
id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:si Gaditani contra me dicerent,
if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:testimonium in aliquem dicere,
id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):contra juris consultos dicere,
against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:contra testes dicendum est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,
Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?
Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:e.cum scriberem contra Epicurios,
Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:contra Brutum,
id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:contra Academiam,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,
id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).(α).In gen.:(β).sentire contra,
Cic. Mil. 2, 5:pugnare contra bonos,
id. Sull. 25, 71:contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,
Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:(tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,
Liv. 39, 32, 12.—Of political speaking:f.cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,
Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:2.adversus, in): inire consilia contra,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:manum comparare contra aliquem,
id. Sull. 24, 68:conjurationem facere,
id. ib. 4, 12:congredi,
id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,
Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,
against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,
operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?
Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,
to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:3.licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,
injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,
id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,
Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,
id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:4.Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?
or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,
id. Att. 7, 5, 5:judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,
id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,
in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—Dependent on adjectives (rare):5.contra se ipse misericors,
to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:severissimus judex contra fures,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—With nouns.a.Acc. to 1. b.:b.ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).(α).Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:(β).quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,
Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,
id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:c.unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,
Cic. Brut. 26, 99:(Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,
id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—Acc. to 1. f.:C.contra patres concitatio et seditio,
Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,
Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.With inanimate and abstract objects.1.Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).a.Of physical or moral exertion:b.cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,
Verg. A. 10, 567:pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,
Cic. Sen. 11, 35:contra verum niti,
Sall. J. 35, 8:contra fortunam luctari,
Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—Of warfare (lit. and trop.):c.bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,
Quint. 5, 13, 30.—Of legal contention.(α).Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:(β).contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),
Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:contra ratiocinationem,
id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:contra caput dicere,
to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:servum in caput domini interrogare,
Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:(γ).contra tabulas judicare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:contra testamentum,
Dig. 2, 17, § 1:contra sententiam dicere,
ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:d.inmittere in bona),
Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.(α).To contend that something is false:(β).dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:in sententiam dicere,
in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):contra sensus dicere,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:contra rhetoricen dicere,
Quint. 2, 17, 40.—Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:(γ).contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,
Vitr. 7, praef. 8:contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—Ethically:e.contra voluptatem dicere,
that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:contra mortem loqui,
that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,
id. ib. 100, 10:contra fortunam gloriari,
that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—Of public and political acts and speeches:f.contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,
Cic. Brut. 44, 164:contra legem dicere or verba facere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),
Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.(α).In gen.:(β).senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,
directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:contra rem publicam se commovere,
id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:incitari,
id. Sest. 47, 100:consilia inire,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:conjurationem facere,
Sall. C. 30, 6:contra salutem urbis incitari,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:cogitare aliquid contra salutem,
id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,
do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),
Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:2.si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,contra salutem rei publicae facere,
Cic. Dom. 38, 102:contra majestatem,
against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:contra leges,
Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:contra edictum (praetoris),
Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:contra foedus,
Cic. Balb. 6, 16:contra jusjurandum ac fidem,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,
Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).(α).With esse expressed as the predicate:(β).hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:contra leges or legem est,
Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:contra officium est,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,
unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:(γ).scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:aliquid contra animum audiendi,
something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:3.Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,
Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—Adverbially with the predicate.(α).In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):(β).eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,
that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,
to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,advocare contra,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:si contra mortem te praeparaveris,
to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:(γ).quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,
Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:contra hominis salutem,
with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;4.syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,
Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:pecuniam contra leges auferre,
id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:contra legem,
id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:contra jus fasque,
id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:contra jus,
Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:contra jus gentium,
Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,
Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:contra testimonium aliquid judicare,
without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,
contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:aliquid contra fidem constituere,
Quint. 5, 13, 34:quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,
contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—Dependent on substt.a.Of physical strife:b.scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),
Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —Of warfare:c.imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,
Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—Of legal contention:d.causa contra scriptum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—Of political speaking:e.divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,
Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—Of literary opposition:f.Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—Of hostility, etc.:g.cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,
Liv. 6, 40, 5.—Of injury:h.vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,
Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):5.iter contra senatus auctoritatem,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:contra consuetudinem somnium,
Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:bonorum possessio contra tabulas,
Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.D.II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).1.Against persons.a.Dependent on verbs:b.cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,
provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,
Pall. 10, 3, 2.—Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:2.paratus contra,
Cic. Mil. 21, 56:nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,
Sall. J. 80, 1:contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,
Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—Against inanimate and abstract things.a.Dependent on verbs:b.contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,
Cic. Sen. 15, 51:propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,
id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:contra tantas difficultates providere,
Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,contra ea,
id. ib. 57, 5:patricii vi contra vim resistunt,
Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—Dependent on substt.:c.suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:defensio contra vim,
id. Mil. 5, 14:patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,
id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:contra labores patientia,
id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;3.in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,
against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:vir contra audaciam firmissimus,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:fortis contra dolorem,
Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:callosus,
Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:far contra hiemes firmissimum,
id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:equus tenax contra vincula,
Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:contraque minantia fata pervigil,
Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).(α).Dependent on verbs:(β).cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,
Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,
id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:valet potum contra venena,
id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—Dependent on substt.:(γ).remedium contra morsus,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:contra venena esse omnia remedio,
id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—Dependent on adjectives:(δ).vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,
Pall. 11, 14, 17.—Appositively, as a remedy:E.cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,
Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.Of logical opposition.1.With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).a.The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.b.I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,
but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,
and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):c.omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),
but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,
Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),
Liv. 41, 24, 8.—Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):2.illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,
whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),
Cic. Sen. 23, 84:quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,
id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,
id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;v. Ritschl,
Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:F.contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,
Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),
Sall. J. 88, 1; so,cetera contra spem salva invenit,
Liv. 9, 23, 17:contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,
id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),
Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,
Sall. J. 20, 1:ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),
id. ib. 46, 5:contra famam,
Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,
slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,
contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.1.In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:2.quos contra disputant,
Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:quem contra dicit,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):quem contra veneris,
id. Mur. 4, 9:quas contra, praeter te, etc.,
id. Vatin. 7, 18:eos ipsos quos contra statuas,
id. Or. 10, 34:quos contra me senatus armavit,
id. Att. 10, 8, 8:quam contra multa locutus est,
Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,
Lucr. 4, 471:dicere eos contra,
id. 4, 484:donique eum contra,
id. 5, 708:agmina contra,
Verg. A. 12, 279:magnum Alciden contra,
id. ib. 5, 414:Paridem contra,
id. ib. 5, 370:Italiam contra,
id. ib. 1, 13:deos contra,
Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:Messania moenia contra,
id. M. 14, 17:litora Calabriae contra,
Tac. A. 3, 1. -
40 contra dicta
contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.I.Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).A.Local.1.Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.a.With verb of being or position expressed or understood.(α).Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):(β).feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,
Liv. 1, 18, 8:stat contra starique jubet,
Juv. 3, 290:stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!
Mart. 1, 55, 12:ulmus erat contra,
in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:templa vides contra,
in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:contra conserta manu,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):b.contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,
Manil. 2, 253:posita contra Hispania,
Tac. Agr. 11:promuntorium quod contra procedit,
Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,
face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),
side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.(α).Referring to persons:(β).accede ad me atque adi contra,
come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:contra adspicere,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:contra intueri,
Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:cum veniret contra Marcianus,
Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—Of things:2.hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,
Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,
Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,(α).In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:(β).aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,
at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—In post-Aug. prose (very rare):3.at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.(α).In gen.:(β).te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,
id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,
make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:audi nunc contra jam,
listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,
you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,
Liv. 1, 28, 1:contra ut me diligat illa,
Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:cui latrans contra senex,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,
Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:contra talia reddit,
Claud. B. Gild. 379.—With dat. pers.:(γ).consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:facere contra huic aegre,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:hiscine contra insidiabere?
id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:tibi contra gratiam Referre,
id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—With item:(δ).item a me contra factum est,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,
id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;(ε).Consonat terra,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:confer gradum Contra pariter,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!
Cat. 62, 6.—Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:B.si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,
what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,
to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:agedum pauca accipe contra,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,
Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?
id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.1.Of physical exertion.(α).Lit.:(β).concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,
struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,
bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:at ille contra nititur,
resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,
rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—Trop.:2.te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,
Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—Of mental exertion:3.si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,
arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:siti contra... pugnandum,
Cels. 4, 2 fin. —Of hostile opposition in gen.(α).Lit.:(β).quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,
who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,
something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—Trop.:4.aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,
Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—Of warfare.(α).Lit.:(β).ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:quid quod exercitum contra duxit?
Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,
if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,
Liv. 7, 39, 17:cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,
would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,
Tac. A. 11, 10.—Trop.:5.quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,
Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—Of legal contests.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—(β).Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:(γ).quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?
if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—On the part of the adversary:(δ).inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,
Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:6.ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,
given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—Of literary opposition.(α).Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—(β).With other verbs:7.astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,
Lucr. 5, 728:contra nunc illud pone, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,
some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—Of public and political opposition.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—(β).With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:8.nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,
no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:honores contra petere,
Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,
Tac. A. 14, 45.—Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:9.si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,
and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).a.Absol.(α).Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:(β).cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,
would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,
id. Caecin. 33, 97:dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,
id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—To make charges against (rare):(γ).si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,
Cic. Clu. 48, 134:qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,
id. Quint. 29, 88; so,contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,
id. Fl. 21, 51.—In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:(δ).fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,contra disputare and contra scribere,
id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,
Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,
to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:(ε). (ζ).quam palam principes dixerunt contra!
protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:contradicente nullo,
Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—Abl. absol. impers.:b.explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,
whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:c.ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,
id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),
refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,
or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,
the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).(α).To oppose a person by speaking against his views:(β).solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,
to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:tibi,
Suet. Aug. 54:Curioni...,
id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,
my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:(γ).cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,
opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:(δ).patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,
Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—With dat. of the petition:(ε).preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,
which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—To contest the validity of a law (rare):(ζ).quibus (legibus) contradici potest,
Quint. 7, 7, 4.—To contradict an assertion (very rare):d.pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,
Quint. 5, 10, 13.—With quin, to object:C.praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,
there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;D.but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,
Quint. 7, 3, 14:cum verba (legis) contra sint,
id. 7, 1, 49:sed experimentum contra fuit,
unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:ubi fortuna contra fuit,
id. ib. 3, 18:si fortuna contra daret,
should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.Of logical opposition, with negative force.1.Of a direct contrast.a.Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:b.quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,
but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:in stultitia contra est,
with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),
id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:quod contra est,
Sall. J. 85, 21:quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:contra fore si, etc.,
ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),
ib. 41, 3, 49:ego contra puto (i. e. esse),
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:c.utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,
of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),
id. Att. 10, 8, 2:contra evenit in iis morbis,
Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:ego contra sentio,
Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:Proculus contra (sc. sentit),
ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:licet Celsus contra scribat,
ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,
interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.(α).To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:(β).nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;quod contra, id turpe,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:sit sapienter usus aut contra,
Quint. 2, 5, 15:lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),
Col. 11, 3, 25.—To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:(γ).ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,
improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,
id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—To a verbal predicate:(δ).an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),
Dig. 34, 5, 19.—To a subject infinitive:(ε).laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,
praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:(ζ).quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,
those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;mihi contra,
id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—To an attributive genitive:2.Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),
Sall. J. 88, 2:verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),
Quint. 2, 4, 21:alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,
the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,
Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.a.With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;b.Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,
Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:quae etiam contra valent,
i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—Belonging to the same predicate:E.ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,
Cic. Or. 36, 123:cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,
Dig. 35, 2, 48:in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,
Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,
id. 1, 5, 68:ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,
but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,
Cic. Or. 42, 143:qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,
or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).1.In independent clauses.a.Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:b.ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,
Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?
Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,
Just. 13, 1, 7.—Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;2.contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,
Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—In opposition to a dependent clause:3.ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,
Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:at contra,
Lucr. 2, 392.—With co-ordinate conjunctions.a.Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.(α).With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:(β).malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,
id. ib. 2, 7, 23:cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,
Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,
Quint. 10, 2, 22.—With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:(γ).audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,
Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,
id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:(δ).atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!
Cic. Balb. 22, 51:domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,
Dig. 13, 7, 21:equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,
Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:b.in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,
Cic. Sull. 7, 21:nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,
id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,et contra,
Suet. Tit. 7.—With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).(α).At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;(β).At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,
Lucr. 2, 400:cogunt,
id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):(γ).non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,
Liv. 45, 18, 1:tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,
Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,
Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—Contra autem (rare;(δ).in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,
Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,
Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—Contra vero (very rare;(ε).not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,
Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—c.With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).(α).Aut contra:(β).num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?
Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,
Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—Vel contra:(γ).hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?
Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—Seu contra:d.seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,
Prop. 1, 11, 25.—With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;4.never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,
Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,(α).In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):(β).aliis vero econtra videtur,
Hier. Ep. 12.—Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):5.honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—With emphatic particles.a.Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);b.not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,
Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—Immo contra (post-Aug.).(α).= no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:(β).existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,
Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—= sed contra, but on the contrary:c.proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:immo contra ea,
Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):F.quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.1.Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.(α).With atque:(β).item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—With ac:(γ).itaque contra est ac dicitis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,
id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,
Sall. C. 60, 5.—With ac and atque:(δ).si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,
Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—With quam (post-Aug.):2.cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,
Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:contra quam licet,
id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:II.mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,
contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,
contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:contra quam ista causa postulasset,
id. Caecin. 24, 67:contra quam sanctum legibus est,
Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,
Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).A.Local uses.1.Opposite, over against, facing.a.Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;b.adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,
id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,
Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:Carthago Italiam contra,
Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,
Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—Of the heavenly bodies:c.donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,
Lucr. 5, 708:contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,
Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:contra mediam faciem meridies erit,
id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—Of opposite ends of a line.(α).Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—(β).Of a line drawn:d.contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,
opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—Of buildings, etc.:e.contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:(statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,
Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,
Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—Of places on the human body:2.id quod contra stomachum est,
Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,
Cels. 4, 1 fin. —Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:a.adversus, ad, e regione,
Caes. B. G. 7, 61).In gen.:b.quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,
Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?
Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:rex constiterat contra pedites,
Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:ne contra septentrionem paveris,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:contra solem varie refulgens,
placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,
id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):c.(Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,
towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,
Dig. 48, 8, 4.—Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—d.Against an opposing action, etc.:e.contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,
Vitr. 1, 6, 8:ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,
Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,
id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,
id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,
Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:contra stimulum calces,
kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—Of local actions with hostile intent.(α).Lit.:(β).quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?
Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),
id. Att. 15, 20, 3:pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,
to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,
id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,
Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,
i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—Trop.:f.castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,
will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:(Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,
when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—In partic.(α).Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:(β).quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,
Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:contra populi studium,
Cic. Brut. 34, 126:contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,
id. ib. 79, 273; so,a mendacio contra veritatem,
id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:contra cives in acie,
id. Att. 16, 11, 2:et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,
opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,
Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —Contra aliquem ire:3.aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,
Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:uti contra injurias armati eatis,
Sall. J. 31, 6:interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,
Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—Transf.,a.To persons placed together for comparison:b.C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,
Quint. 10, 1, 114:CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,
Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.(α).Lit. (very rare):(β).quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Prop.:c.cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,
Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,
Sen. Ep. 9, 9:numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,
id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,
as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:(illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,
Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?
Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,
id. ib. 13, 2;so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):d.numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,
superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,
Petr. 7, 6.—Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:B.contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 29:contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,
Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:quae contra breviter fata est vates,
Verg. A. 6, 398:contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,
Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).Denoting hostility or disadvantage.1.With verbs of hostile action.a.Of physical exertion:b.pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,
Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,
id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.c.bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),
Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:contra Antonium,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,contra patriam,
id. Sull. 20, 58:pugnare contra patriam,
id. ib. 25, 70:contra conjuges et liberos,
Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:armatum esse contra populum Romanum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:armis contendere contra,
Caes. B. G. 2, 13:arma alicui dare (trop.),
Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:aciem instruere (trop.),
Liv. 25, 4, 4:exercitum comparare,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:exercitum instruere,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:exercitum ducere and adducere,
id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:exercitum contra Philippum mittere,
id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:naves ducere contra,
Hor. Epod. 4, 19:ducere contra hostes,
Liv. 1, 27, 4:florem Italiae educere contra,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:proficisci contra,
to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,
Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:juvare aliquem contra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:consilium inire contra Sequanos,
to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).(α).In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:(β).cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,
Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:(causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:esse contra,
id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,
Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:causam defendere contra,
against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),
to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:actio competit contra,
Dig. 49, 14, 41:querelam instituere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:bonorum possessionem petere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 23:jus obtinere contra,
Cic. Quint. 9, 34:pugnare contra,
to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:id quod mihi contra illos datum est,
i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:judicare contra aliquem,
id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:pronuntiare contra,
Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:decernere contra,
Cic. Fl. 31, 76:appellare contra aliquem,
Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:contra sententiam,
Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:(γ).quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:contra rem suam me venisse questus est,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:d.ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,
id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,causam dicere,
id. Or. 2, 23, 98:causam perorare,
id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,
id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:si Gaditani contra me dicerent,
if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:testimonium in aliquem dicere,
id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):contra juris consultos dicere,
against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:contra testes dicendum est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,
Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?
Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:e.cum scriberem contra Epicurios,
Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:contra Brutum,
id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:contra Academiam,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,
id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).(α).In gen.:(β).sentire contra,
Cic. Mil. 2, 5:pugnare contra bonos,
id. Sull. 25, 71:contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,
Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:(tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,
Liv. 39, 32, 12.—Of political speaking:f.cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,
Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:2.adversus, in): inire consilia contra,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:manum comparare contra aliquem,
id. Sull. 24, 68:conjurationem facere,
id. ib. 4, 12:congredi,
id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,
Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,
against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,
operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?
Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,
to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:3.licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,
injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,
id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,
Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,
id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:4.Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?
or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,
id. Att. 7, 5, 5:judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,
id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,
in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—Dependent on adjectives (rare):5.contra se ipse misericors,
to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:severissimus judex contra fures,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—With nouns.a.Acc. to 1. b.:b.ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).(α).Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:(β).quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,
Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,
id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:c.unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,
Cic. Brut. 26, 99:(Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,
id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—Acc. to 1. f.:C.contra patres concitatio et seditio,
Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,
Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.With inanimate and abstract objects.1.Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).a.Of physical or moral exertion:b.cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,
Verg. A. 10, 567:pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,
Cic. Sen. 11, 35:contra verum niti,
Sall. J. 35, 8:contra fortunam luctari,
Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—Of warfare (lit. and trop.):c.bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,
Quint. 5, 13, 30.—Of legal contention.(α).Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:(β).contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),
Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:contra ratiocinationem,
id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:contra caput dicere,
to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:servum in caput domini interrogare,
Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:(γ).contra tabulas judicare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:contra testamentum,
Dig. 2, 17, § 1:contra sententiam dicere,
ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:d.inmittere in bona),
Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.(α).To contend that something is false:(β).dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:in sententiam dicere,
in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):contra sensus dicere,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:contra rhetoricen dicere,
Quint. 2, 17, 40.—Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:(γ).contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,
Vitr. 7, praef. 8:contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—Ethically:e.contra voluptatem dicere,
that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:contra mortem loqui,
that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,
id. ib. 100, 10:contra fortunam gloriari,
that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—Of public and political acts and speeches:f.contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,
Cic. Brut. 44, 164:contra legem dicere or verba facere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),
Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.(α).In gen.:(β).senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,
directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:contra rem publicam se commovere,
id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:incitari,
id. Sest. 47, 100:consilia inire,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:conjurationem facere,
Sall. C. 30, 6:contra salutem urbis incitari,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:cogitare aliquid contra salutem,
id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,
do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),
Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:2.si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,contra salutem rei publicae facere,
Cic. Dom. 38, 102:contra majestatem,
against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:contra leges,
Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:contra edictum (praetoris),
Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:contra foedus,
Cic. Balb. 6, 16:contra jusjurandum ac fidem,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,
Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).(α).With esse expressed as the predicate:(β).hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:contra leges or legem est,
Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:contra officium est,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,
unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:(γ).scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:aliquid contra animum audiendi,
something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:3.Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,
Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—Adverbially with the predicate.(α).In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):(β).eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,
that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,
to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,advocare contra,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:si contra mortem te praeparaveris,
to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:(γ).quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,
Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:contra hominis salutem,
with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;4.syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,
Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:pecuniam contra leges auferre,
id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:contra legem,
id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:contra jus fasque,
id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:contra jus,
Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:contra jus gentium,
Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,
Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:contra testimonium aliquid judicare,
without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,
contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:aliquid contra fidem constituere,
Quint. 5, 13, 34:quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,
contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—Dependent on substt.a.Of physical strife:b.scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),
Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —Of warfare:c.imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,
Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—Of legal contention:d.causa contra scriptum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—Of political speaking:e.divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,
Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—Of literary opposition:f.Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—Of hostility, etc.:g.cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,
Liv. 6, 40, 5.—Of injury:h.vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,
Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):5.iter contra senatus auctoritatem,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:contra consuetudinem somnium,
Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:bonorum possessio contra tabulas,
Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.D.II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).1.Against persons.a.Dependent on verbs:b.cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,
provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,
Pall. 10, 3, 2.—Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:2.paratus contra,
Cic. Mil. 21, 56:nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,
Sall. J. 80, 1:contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,
Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—Against inanimate and abstract things.a.Dependent on verbs:b.contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,
Cic. Sen. 15, 51:propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,
id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:contra tantas difficultates providere,
Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,contra ea,
id. ib. 57, 5:patricii vi contra vim resistunt,
Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—Dependent on substt.:c.suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:defensio contra vim,
id. Mil. 5, 14:patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,
id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:contra labores patientia,
id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;3.in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,
against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:vir contra audaciam firmissimus,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:fortis contra dolorem,
Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:callosus,
Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:far contra hiemes firmissimum,
id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:equus tenax contra vincula,
Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:contraque minantia fata pervigil,
Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).(α).Dependent on verbs:(β).cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,
Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,
id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:valet potum contra venena,
id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—Dependent on substt.:(γ).remedium contra morsus,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:contra venena esse omnia remedio,
id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—Dependent on adjectives:(δ).vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,
Pall. 11, 14, 17.—Appositively, as a remedy:E.cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,
Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.Of logical opposition.1.With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).a.The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.b.I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,
but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,
and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):c.omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),
but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,
Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),
Liv. 41, 24, 8.—Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):2.illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,
whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),
Cic. Sen. 23, 84:quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,
id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,
id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;v. Ritschl,
Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:F.contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,
Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),
Sall. J. 88, 1; so,cetera contra spem salva invenit,
Liv. 9, 23, 17:contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,
id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),
Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,
Sall. J. 20, 1:ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),
id. ib. 46, 5:contra famam,
Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,
slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,
contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.1.In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:2.quos contra disputant,
Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:quem contra dicit,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):quem contra veneris,
id. Mur. 4, 9:quas contra, praeter te, etc.,
id. Vatin. 7, 18:eos ipsos quos contra statuas,
id. Or. 10, 34:quos contra me senatus armavit,
id. Att. 10, 8, 8:quam contra multa locutus est,
Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,
Lucr. 4, 471:dicere eos contra,
id. 4, 484:donique eum contra,
id. 5, 708:agmina contra,
Verg. A. 12, 279:magnum Alciden contra,
id. ib. 5, 414:Paridem contra,
id. ib. 5, 370:Italiam contra,
id. ib. 1, 13:deos contra,
Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:Messania moenia contra,
id. M. 14, 17:litora Calabriae contra,
Tac. A. 3, 1.
См. также в других словарях:
PETERE — Gladiatorum verbum, cum ferri mucronem in partem aliquam dirigunt. Cicer. de Oratore, extr. Gladiatores et vitando caute et petendo vehementer omnia faciunt utiliter ad pugnam et ad adspectum iucunde. Ad alia venuste translatum. Idem pro Muraena … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
petere — index petition, solicit Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
petere — pè·te·re v.tr. (io pèto) OB chiedere, domandare {{line}} {{/line}} DATA: sec. XII. ETIMO: dal lat. pĕtĕre. NOTA GRAMMATICALE: forme attestate: 1Є e 3Є pers. sing. e 2Є pers. pl. petite dell ind. pres., inf. pres … Dizionario italiano
Petĕre licet — (lat.), zu bitten ist erlaubt … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Petere licet — Petere licet, lat., zu bitten ist erlaubt … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
petere — (лат.) направляться, стремиться, ориентироваться … Словарь ботанических терминов
petere — (Civil law.) To seek; to sue; to petition; to demand; to claim; to sue for; to bring an action … Ballentine's law dictionary
José Herrera Petere — Nombre completo José Herrera Aguilera Nacimiento 27 de octubre de 1909 Guadalajara (España) Defunción 7 de febrero de 1977 Ginebra (Suiza) … Wikipedia Español
Edward Petere Carville — Edward Peter Carville (* 14. Mai 1885 in Mound Valley (Nevada); † 27. Juni 1956) war ein US amerikanischer Politiker der Demokratischen Partei und Mitglied im Senat der Vereinigten Staaten. Biografie Carville verließ 1909 mit Abschluss die… … Deutsch Wikipedia
fugam petere — index flee Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
Herrera Petere — Herrera Petere, José … Enciclopedia Universal
