per-vinco

vinco, vīci, victum, 3, v. a. and n. [perh. causat. of root ik-; Gr. eikô, to yield; but cf. per-vicax; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 106], to conquer, overcome, get the better of, defeat, subdue, vanquish, be victorious, etc. (syn.: supero, debello).

Lit.

In war or battle:

jus esse belli, ut qui vicissent, iis, quos vicissent, quemadmodum vellent, imperarent, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36:

Carthaginienses navalibus pugnis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55:

Galliam bello,

Caes. B. G. 1, 34 fin.:

non virtute neque in acie vicisse Romanos,

id. ib. 7, 29:

id vi et virtute militum victum atque expugnatum oppidum est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 36:

vicimus vi feroces,

id. ib. 1, 1, 82: aio te, Aeacida, Romanos vincere posse, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 186 Vahl.): sicut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 442 ib.): aliquando [p. 1992] ut vincat, ludit assidue aleam, Poët. ap. Suet. Aug. 70 fin.:

L. milia,

to win at play, August. ib. 71.—

In a lawsuit, etc., to be successful, to gain:

vincere judicio,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 53:

quem tu horum nil refelles, vincam scilicet,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 82; Hor. S. 1, 2, 134:

causam suam,

to win, Ov. H. 16, 76.— Pass.:

factum est: ventum est: vincimur,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 85.—

In other relations, to win, prevail, be successful, gain, overcome:

sponsione,

Cic. Quint. 27, 84:

sponsionem,

id. Caecin. 31, 91:

vicit iter durum pietas,

controlled, made easy, Verg. A. 6, 688; cf. Mart. 5, 23, 5; Claud. Cons. Hon. 46:

labor omnia vicit,

Verg. G. 1, 145; cf.

difficultates, Auct. B. G. 8, 21: virgam,

to win, Verg. A. 6, 148:

vicit tamen in Senatu pars illa, quae, etc.,

Sall. J. 16, 1:

factione respectuque rerum privatarum... Appius vicit,

Liv. 2, 30, 2:

cum in senatu vicisset sententia, quae, etc.,

id. 2, 4: Othonem vincas volo, to outbid (in an auction), Cic. Att. 13, 29, 2; 13, 33, 2.—To defeat as a candidate for office:

competitorem in suffragiis,

Quint. 7, 1, 29.—

Transf., of inanimate subjects.

To overcome, overwhelm, prevail over, etc.:

(naves) neu turbine venti Vincantur,

Verg. A. 9, 92:

victa ratis,

Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 12:

flammam gurgitibus,

id. Am. 3, 6, 42:

noctem flammis,

Verg. A. 1, 727:

vincunt aequora navitae,

prevail against, get the better of, Hor. C. 3, 24, 41:

victaque concessit prisca moneta novae,

Ov. F. 1, 222:

quernaque glans victa est utiliore cibo,

id. ib. 1, 676:

corpora victa sopore,

id. ib. 1, 422; cf.:

blanda quies furtim victis obrepsit ocellis,

id. ib. 3, 19:

hi casses (linei) vel ferri aciem vincunt,

Plin. 19, 1, 2, § 11:

campum turbā vincente,

overflowing, Sil. 6, 390.—

To outlast, survive:

(aesculus) Multa virum volvens durando saecula vincit,

Verg. G. 2, 295:

vivendo mea fata,

id. A. 11, 160.—

To surmount, scale:

aëra (sagittae),

Verg. G. 2, 123; cf.:

montes ascensu,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 46.—

To reduce, change, etc.;

of cooking: nec viscera quisquam... potest vincere flammā,

Verg. G. 3, 560:

cochleas undis calefactas et prope victas,

Ser. Samm. Med. 319.—Of smelting ores:

metallorum primitiae nullis fornacibus victae,

Tac. H. 4, 53.—Of melting snow:

nive, quae zephyro victa tepente fluit,

Ov. F. 2, 220.—

Of digestion: pervigilio quidem praecipue vincuntur cibi,

Plin. 11, 53, 118, § 283.—

Trop.

In gen., to prevail, be superior; to convince, refute, constrain, overcome, etc.:

argumentis vincit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 267:

naturam studio,

Caes. B. G. 6, 43:

vincit ipsa rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 57; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 13: si subitam et fortuitam orationem commentatio et cogitatio facile vincit;

hanc ipsam profecto assidua ac diligens scriptura superabit,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

sapientis animus vincetur et expugnabitur?

id. Par. 4, 1, 27:

animum,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 29:

non est consentaneum, qui invictum se a labore praestiterit, vinci a voluptate,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

labascit, victu'st, uno verbo, quam cito!

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 98:

eludet, ubi te victum senserit,

id. ib. 1, 1, 10:

illius stultitiā victa ex urbe tu migres?

id. Hec. 4, 2, 13:

adulescentulus saepe eadem audiendo victus est,

id. Heaut. 1, 1, 62:

peccavi, fateor, vincor,

id. ib. 4, 1, 31:

victus patris precibus lacrimisque,

Liv. 23, 8, 4:

divūm pater victus tuis vocibus,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 21:

est qui vinci possit,

id. S. 1, 9, 55:

pietas Victa furore,

id. C. 3, 27, 36:

victus amore pudor,

Ov. Am. 3, 10, 29:

filia victa in lacrimas,

Tac. A. 1, 57:

victus animi respexit,

Verg. G. 4, 491:

triumphantes de lege victā et abrogatā,

Liv. 34, 3, 9.— With ut:

ergo negatum, vincor, ut credam miser,

am constrained, compelled, Hor. Epod. 17, 27.—

In partic.

To overmatch in some quality, to surpass, exceed, excel, = superare:

stellarum globi terrae magnitudinem facile vincebant,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

opinionem vicit omnium, quae, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:

exspectationem omnium,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

eam (noctem) edepol etiam multo haec (nox) vicit longitudine,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 125:

morum immanitate vastissimas vincit beluas,

Cic. Rep. 2, 26, 48:

quamlibet mulierculam Vincere mollitiā,

Hor. Epod. 11, 24:

odio qui posset vincere Regem,

id. S. 1, 7, 6:

scribere, quod Cassi opuscula vincat,

id. Ep. 1, 4, 3; cf.:

qualia (praecepta) vincunt Pythagoran,

id. S. 2, 4, 2.— Poet. with inf.: vir nulli victus vel ponere castra vel junxisse ratem, etc., excelled by none in pitching a camp, etc., Sil. 5, 552; 6, 141.—

To prove triumphantly, show or demonstrate conclusively.

With obj.-clause:

quid nunc? vincon' argumentis te non esse Sosiam?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 277:

profecto ita esse, et praedico, vero vincam,

id. Most. 1, 2, 12:

vince deinde, bonum virum fuisse Oppianicum,

Cic. Clu. 44, 124: dicendo vincere non postulo, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 4:

vincet enim stultos ratio insanire nepotes,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 225.—

With ut:

nec vincet ratio hoc, tantundem ut peccet idemque Qui, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 115.—

Absol.:

si doceo non ab Avito, vinco ab Oppianico,

Cic. Clu. 23, 64.—

With respect to something disputed, to prevail, gain one's point, carry the day. So only in the expressions,

Vicimus:

cui si esse in urbe tuto licebit, vicimus,

Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3:

rumpantur iniqui. Vicimus: assiduas non tulit illa preces,

Prop. 1, 8, 28: vicimus exclamat;

mecum mea vota feruntur,

Ov. M. 6, 513:

vicimus et meus est,

id. ib. 4, 356.—

Vincite, viceris, vincerent, have it your own way, just as you like, carry your point, an expression of reluctant assent:

vincite, si ita vultis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 30; Ov. M. 8, 509:

vincerent ac sibi haberent, dummodo scirent,

Suet. Caes. 1 fin.:

viceris,

Ter. And. 5, 3, 21.—

To treat worthily, set forth with dignity ( poet.):

nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit,

Verg. G. 3, 289; cf.:

vincere verbis,

Lucr. 5, 733.

pervĭcax, ācis, adj. [per and root vicof vinco], firm, determined; esp. in a bad sense, stubborn, obstinate, headstrong, wilful (not in Cic. or Cæs.): tu pertinaciam esse, Antiloche, hanc praedicas: Ego pervicaciam aio et eā me uti volo... Nam pervicacem dici me esse et vincere Perfacile patior: pertinacem nil moror? Att. ap. Non. 432, 32 sq. (Trag. Rel. v. 8 Rib.); cf.:

adversus peritos pervicax,

Tac. H. 1, 26; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 17:

musa,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 70:

accusatio,

Tac. A. 13, 33; 3, 33:

pervicacissimi Latinorum,

Flor. 1, 11, 11:

pervicacioris irae fuit,

Curt. 8, 6, 1:

homines pervicaci audaciā, pertinaci spe,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin. —

Of things, steady, unmoved:

contra flatus pervicax libra,

Plin. 16, 36, 65, § 161.—

Transf., in a good sense, steadfast, firm:

recti pervicax, constans adversus metus,

Tac. H. 4, 5.—Hence, adv.: pervĭ-cācĭter, stoutly, stiffly, stubbornly, obstinately:

pervicaciter perstare,

Dig. 26, 10, 3. — Comp.:

pervicacius causam belli quaerere,

Liv. 42, 14; Tac. A. 4, 42; 13, 54 fin.

victor, ōris, m. [vinco].

In gen., a conqueror, vanquisher, victor.

Prop.

Absol.:

quod (sc. stipendium) victores victis imponere consuērint,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

multa victori, eorum arbitrio, per quos vicit, etiam invito facienda sunt,

Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3.—

With gen.:

omnium gentium victor,

Cic. Pis. 7, 16:

ille exercitus tot divitissimarum gentium victor,

Curt. 10, 2, 11:

Atheniensium,

id. 3, 10, 4; 3, 10, 7; 6, 6, 4;

7, 10, 6.—Esp., with belli or bellorum: ut meus victor vir belli clueat,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 15:

cujus belli (i. e. cum Antiocho) victor L. Scipio laudem adsumpsit, etc.,

Cic. Mur. 14, 31:

victores bellorum civilium vincere,

id. Marcell. 4, 12; Tac. A. 1, 19:

Camillus trium simul bellorum victor,

Liv. 6, 4, 1:

Paulum tanti belli victorem,

id. 45, 36, 7; Vell. 2, 55, 2; Stat. Th. 9, 625:

Macedones, tot bellorum in Europā victores,

Curt. 3, 10, 4; Tac. H. 2, 28; 4, 58; cf.:

omnis generis certaminum (Hercules),

Vell. 1, 8, 2:

pancratii,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 79.—

With abl.:

cum civili bello victor iratus respondit, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 56:

bello civili victores victosque numquam coalescere,

Tac. H. 2, 7 Halm (Ritter, belli civilis).—

Fig. (rare;

not in Cic.): animus libidinis et divitiarum victor,

master of, Sall. J. 63, 2:

victor propositi,

successful in, Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 11.—

Esp.

Victor, the Conquering, the Victorious, an epithet of Jupiter, Inscr. Grut. 23, 8 sq.—Of Hercules, Macr. S. 8, 6.—

In appos., = vincens, superior.

Prop., victorious, conquering (cf. Zumpt, § 102, n. 2; Madv. § 60, obs. 2).

Of living beings:

tantum exercitum victorem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20 fin.:

pejus victoribus Sequanis, quam Aeduis victis accidisse,

id. ib. 1, 31:

galli (aves) victi silere solent, canere victores,

Cic. Div. 2, 26, 56:

victores Graii,

Ov. M. 13, 414:

equus,

Verg. G. 3, 499:

taurus,

Luc. 2, 605; cf. Verg. A. 2, 329; 10, 409; 11, 565; Ov. M. 2, 437.—Esp., with discedo, abeo, redeo, revertor, etc. (= the more freq. superior discedo, etc.):

victores victis hostibus legiones reveniunt domum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 33:

meminerant ad Alesiam magnam se inopiam perpessos... maximarum gentium victores discessisse,

Caes. B. C. 3, 47:

ita certe inde abiere Romani ut victores, Etrusci pro victis,

Liv. 2, 7, 3; 34, 19, 2:

nisi victores se redituros ex hac pugnā jurant,

id. 2, 45, 13:

victores reverterunt,

id. 7, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 1; 29; Val. Max. 1, 8, 5; 8, 7, 1.—

With abl.:

victor virtute fuisset,

Sall. J. 55, 1.—

Of things:

abstulit has (sc. naves)... Aestus, et obnixum victor detrusit in Austrum,

Luc. 9, 334.—

Meton., of or belonging to a conqueror, triumphal:

in curru, Caesar, victore veheris,

Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 47.

Victor, ōris, m.: S. Aurelius, a Roman historian of the fourth century A.D., Amm. 21, 10, 6.

victor, ōris, m. [vinco].

In gen., a conqueror, vanquisher, victor.

Prop.

Absol.:

quod (sc. stipendium) victores victis imponere consuērint,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

multa victori, eorum arbitrio, per quos vicit, etiam invito facienda sunt,

Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3.—

With gen.:

omnium gentium victor,

Cic. Pis. 7, 16:

ille exercitus tot divitissimarum gentium victor,

Curt. 10, 2, 11:

Atheniensium,

id. 3, 10, 4; 3, 10, 7; 6, 6, 4;

7, 10, 6.—Esp., with belli or bellorum: ut meus victor vir belli clueat,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 15:

cujus belli (i. e. cum Antiocho) victor L. Scipio laudem adsumpsit, etc.,

Cic. Mur. 14, 31:

victores bellorum civilium vincere,

id. Marcell. 4, 12; Tac. A. 1, 19:

Camillus trium simul bellorum victor,

Liv. 6, 4, 1:

Paulum tanti belli victorem,

id. 45, 36, 7; Vell. 2, 55, 2; Stat. Th. 9, 625:

Macedones, tot bellorum in Europā victores,

Curt. 3, 10, 4; Tac. H. 2, 28; 4, 58; cf.:

omnis generis certaminum (Hercules),

Vell. 1, 8, 2:

pancratii,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 79.—

With abl.:

cum civili bello victor iratus respondit, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 56:

bello civili victores victosque numquam coalescere,

Tac. H. 2, 7 Halm (Ritter, belli civilis).—

Fig. (rare;

not in Cic.): animus libidinis et divitiarum victor,

master of, Sall. J. 63, 2:

victor propositi,

successful in, Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 11.—

Esp.

Victor, the Conquering, the Victorious, an epithet of Jupiter, Inscr. Grut. 23, 8 sq.—Of Hercules, Macr. S. 8, 6.—

In appos., = vincens, superior.

Prop., victorious, conquering (cf. Zumpt, § 102, n. 2; Madv. § 60, obs. 2).

Of living beings:

tantum exercitum victorem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20 fin.:

pejus victoribus Sequanis, quam Aeduis victis accidisse,

id. ib. 1, 31:

galli (aves) victi silere solent, canere victores,

Cic. Div. 2, 26, 56:

victores Graii,

Ov. M. 13, 414:

equus,

Verg. G. 3, 499:

taurus,

Luc. 2, 605; cf. Verg. A. 2, 329; 10, 409; 11, 565; Ov. M. 2, 437.—Esp., with discedo, abeo, redeo, revertor, etc. (= the more freq. superior discedo, etc.):

victores victis hostibus legiones reveniunt domum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 33:

meminerant ad Alesiam magnam se inopiam perpessos... maximarum gentium victores discessisse,

Caes. B. C. 3, 47:

ita certe inde abiere Romani ut victores, Etrusci pro victis,

Liv. 2, 7, 3; 34, 19, 2:

nisi victores se redituros ex hac pugnā jurant,

id. 2, 45, 13:

victores reverterunt,

id. 7, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 1; 29; Val. Max. 1, 8, 5; 8, 7, 1.—

With abl.:

victor virtute fuisset,

Sall. J. 55, 1.—

Of things:

abstulit has (sc. naves)... Aestus, et obnixum victor detrusit in Austrum,

Luc. 9, 334.—

Meton., of or belonging to a conqueror, triumphal:

in curru, Caesar, victore veheris,

Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 47.

Victor, ōris, m.: S. Aurelius, a Roman historian of the fourth century A.D., Amm. 21, 10, 6.